Cartogram Utility for ArcGIS

Transcription

1 Cartogram Utility for ArcGIS FACT SHEET: Size in Megabytes (MB): 45 Software: ArcInfo 9.2, ArcEditor 9.2, ArcView 9.2 Application/Extension: ArcMap, ArcCatalog Database: GeoDatabase (ArcSDE, Personal and File Based outputs) and Shapefiles (as inputs only) Platforms Tested: Windows XP, Windows 2000 Special Functionality: Cartograms Audience: General Audience PURPOSE: This Geoprocessing utility permits the production of cartograms from Geodatabases or shapefiles. The output must be written to Geodatabases. Cartograms substitute the value of another variable in place of area for map regions, for example total population or in the case of the graphic below, total CO 2 missions. The utility is deployed as a Geoprocessing tool that creates Density Equalizing Cartograms using the methodology developed by Mark Newman and Michael Gastner at the University of Michigan (Michael T. Gastner and M. E. J. Newman, "Diffusion-based method for producing densityequalizing maps", Proceedings of the NAS, May 18, 2004, vol. 101, no. 20, pp ). Density Equalizing Cartograms change the shape of map polygons so that their size is based upon another attribute such as population. The size and shape of the polygons are changed, sometimes dramatically, but their original neighbors remain neighbors, and no new neighbors or new gaps are added. This utility also provides the capability to modify the location and or shape of associated point, line and raster documents, saving their transformed output into the same Geodatabase as that of the cartogram. Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 1

2 A sample dataset is included. DATA SOURCES AND DESCRIPTION: (Refer to Data Distribution Permission statement at the end of this document) For this demo a personal Geodatabase is provided. It contains: Cities Countries_2007 A reference file of the 48 largest cities on the planet. Detailed source information is provided in the file metadata. A polygonal reference file of 249 country and sovereign areas. The data include Current Population and forecasts, GDP, Imports, Export, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and HIV/AID infection and fatality counts. Source: Population Values and forecasts Unless otherwise noted, US Census Bureau, International Division, Source: GDP, Imports, Exports, AIDS Deaths, AIDS/HIV numbers Unless otherwise noted, the data are from the CIA Factbook 2007 ( Most data were drawn from the online publication's rank ordered tables (updated February and March 2007). Data definitions likewise, unless otherwise noted, are taken directly from the "Notes and Definitions" section of CIA Factbook Source: Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions U.S. Energy Information Agency, International Energy Annual Geographic note on China: The data presented for China do not include Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Detailed source information is provided in the file metadata. Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 2

3 Degree30_polys NasaBM8km A graticule with a 30 degree mesh size. Detailed source, processing and distribution information are provided in the file metadata. An image file derived from the NASA s Blue Marble, Earth Observatory project. The file has a cell resolution of 8 km. Detailed source, processing and distribution information are provided in the file metadata. CONTENTS: BnchMrkCartogram.dll Contains the Component Object Model (COM) component that does the cartogram transformation and makes the new Feature Classes. BnchMrkGPCartogram.dll Contains the Geoprocessing Tool that provides the interface for using the COM component in BnchMrkCartogram.dll. Cartogram_Toolbox.xml The help file used by the Geoprocessing Tool. Cartogram.tbx A Toolbox containing the Cartogram tool. INSTALLATION: The default location for this utility is <install drive>:\arcscripts\cartograms. The utility is packaged as a small demo application; however it is intended to be used independently of the demo and data provided. The installation of this demo will create an entry in the Programs Menu. The demo can be accessed from Start Programs Cartograms, or by browsing to the installation location (install_dir = <install_path>\arcscripts\cartograms) in Windows Explorer. To uninstall the demo, use the Windows Add/Remove Programs functionality to remove ArcScripts Cartograms. TO RUN THIS UTILITY: Use the entry in the Programs Menu Start Programs Cartograms Start Demo, or start the demo by double clicking the Cartogram.mxd file in the installation folder. DEMO SCRIPT: Add the ArcToolbox from the ArcMap (or ArcCatalog) menu line if it is not already open. Organize the content of your map display and toolbars to be similar to the illustration below. Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 3

4 Note: The Cartogram.mxd was saved with the Cartogram toolbox already loaded. If you want to use the Cartogram tool in a different.mxd you will need to add the Cartogram toolbox from <install drive>:\arcscripts\cartograms. To do this, right-click on the ArcToolbox entry and select Add Toolbox... Navigate to <install drive>:\arcscripts\cartograms, select the Cartogram toolbox and click Open. You are now ready to use the Cartogram geoprocessing utility. Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 4

5 Check your data! Before you proceed however, you ll need to inspect your data. The cartogram utility requires that the values being used to generate the cartogram are positive numbers. Null values are ignored, but negative values such as those associated typically with No Data values (i.e. -99) will cause a warning message to be display. The simplest approach is to either use a definition query to avoid negative values in your dataset or else create a new layer file after applying a selection for values >= 0. Right click on the Countries_2007 layer in the Table of Contents and select Properties Select the Definition Query tab, and use the query tool to build the following query, and press the OK button at the bottom of the form. Return to the Toolbox and double click on the Create a cartogram tool. Rather than document all the options of the tool, the user is encouraged to click on each input or scroll down box to read the corresponding help. Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 5

6 Use of the Copy the Original Polygon Features table to the Output Cartogram Features table is highly recommended. This enables you to perform bivariate mapping quite easily. Likewise the use of the optional Additional Features/Rasters to Transform list is very useful for transforming and adding additional feature and raster data to provide visual reference. Items to keep in mind when using this utility: 1) Cartograms must be generated from positive numeric attribute values. 2) All results must be written to a Geodatabase, even though inputs may be shapefiles. 3) Candidate Additional Features/Rasters to Transform layers must have the same spatial reference as the source cartogram data, and the results of their transformation are all added to the same output Geodatabase as the transformed source data. Note: The ArcMap Data Frame properties can be set to a different projection. The spatial references of the source layers are preserved in the outputs. 4) The features created from the Additional Features/Rasters to Transform list must be manually added to the map display. The Cartogram Geoprocessing utility may also be used directly within ArcCatalog. Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 6

7 DATA DISTRIBUTION PERMISSION: The data are provided by ESRI for non-commercial purposes including but not limited to personal use, presentations, demonstrations, teaching, classroom use, scholarship, and/or research. The data are freely reproducible and distributable with proper documentation and source attribution for the above purposes refer to each file s metadata. Uses of a commercial nature, such as but not limited to inclusion in or promotion or redistribution through other software packages that are sold, require licensing from ESRI. Countries_2007 Population, AIDS/HIV, CO2 Emissions, GDP, Import and Export Data about Countries, 2007 ESRI Inc. Redlands, CA Copyright 2007 Overview: This geographic data file presents polygon data for 249 "countries" (sovereign nations, dependencies, and other global areas) covering: population; AIDS/HIV incidence and deaths; national Carbon Dioxide emissions values for 2004; Gross Domestic Product; and national Imports and Exports data. Population forecasts are provided for 2015 and Other data represent values collected between 1999 and A value of -99 is used to indicate No Data. Projection: Geographic Units: Decimal Degree Scale: This data file is best used at scales of 1:15,000,000 or greater. Source: Population Values and forecasts Unless otherwise noted, US Census Bureau, International Division, Source: GDP, Imports, Exports, AIDS Deaths, AIDS/HIV numbers Unless otherwise noted, the data are from the CIA Factbook 2007 ( Most data were drawn from the online publication s rank ordered tables (updated February and March 2007). Data definitions likewise, unless otherwise noted, are taken directly from the Notes and Definitions section of CIA Factbook Source: Total Carbon Dioxide Emmissions U.S. Energy Information Agency, International Energy Annual 2004 Geographic note on China: The data presented for China do not include Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Where appropriate, data for these areas are included in the field name and data definitions below. Field Names: 1. OBJECTID Feature ID code. 2. SHAPE Describes vector shape as point, line, or polygon. 3. FIPS _CNTRY Two-letter code for the country or geographic entity. Source: US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 7

8 4. GMI_CNTRY Three letter code for the country or geographic entity from Global Mapping International. 5. ISO_2DIGIT Two letter code for the country or geographic entity from the International Organization for Standardization. 6. ISO_3DIGIT Three letter code for the country or geographic entity from the International Organization for Standardization. 7. ISO_NUM Three number code for the country or geographic entity from the International Organization for Standardization. 8. CNTRY_NAME Country name in common use. 9. LONG_NAME Official country name. 10. ISOSHRTNAM Short name used by the International Organization for Standardization. 11. UNSHRTNAM Short name alias used by the United Nations. 12. LOCSHRTNAM Short name used locally. 13. LOCLNGNAM Long name used locally. 14. STATUS Official status as of 2007 including, UN member states, various territorial and dependency categories, and unique entities such as Antarctica. 15. SQKM Area in square kilometers using an equal area projection. Source: ESRI. 16. SQMI Area in square miles using an equal area projection. Source: ESRI. 17. POP midyear population estimate. 18. POP midyear population projection. 19. POP midyear population projection. 20. POP014_07 Population age 0-14, POP1564_07 Population age 15-64, 2007 (Generally seen as the working age population) 22. HIVAIDSTOT Number of people (adults and children) living with HIV/AIDS. Source: CIA Factbook, HIVAIDS_YR Year of estimate for HIV/AIDS population. 24. HIVDTH Number of people (adults and children) who died of AIDS. Source: CIA Factbook, HIVDTH_YR Year of estimate for AIDS deaths. 26. TOTCO2_2004 Million Metric Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Source: U.S. Energy Information Agency, International Energy Annual Values for Montenegro and Serbia are derived as proportions of combined EIA values for the former state, Serbia Montenegro using 2007 CIA Factbook values for Oil Consumption, by each country. 27. GDP_USD Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (purchasing power parity) in US dollars. This is the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-us military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 8

9 so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPPdenominated GDP values for most of the wealthy industrialized countries is generally much smaller. 28. GDP_YR Year of estimate for GDP (purchasing power parity). 29. IMPORT_USD Total merchandise imports in US dollars (on a c.i.f. [cost, insurance, and freight] or f.o.b. [free on board] basis). These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. 30. IMPORT_YR Year of estimate of import valuation. 31. EXPORT_USD Total merchandise exports in US dollars (on a c.i.f. [cost, insurance, and freight] or f.o.b. [free on board] basis). These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. 32. EXPORT_YR Year of estimate of export valuation. Creation Date: March-Nov Creator: ESRI Copyright ESRI. All rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States. You may freely redistribute and use this sample code, with or without modification. The sample code is provided without any technical support or updates. Disclaimer OF Warranty: THE SAMPLE CODE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NONINFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ESRI OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) SUSTAINED BY YOU OR A THIRD PARTY, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SAMPLE CODE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. THESE LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY. For additional information contact: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. Attn: Contracts Dept. 380 New York Street Redlands, California, U.S.A contracts@esri.com Copyright 2007 Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI ). 9