Study on the Evolution of Tourism Culture Industrial Cluster in Hainan Province

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1 Study on the Evolution of Tourism Culture Industrial Cluster in Hainan Province Fuyu Yang * Silk Road Business School, University of Sanya, Sanya , Hainan Province, China *Corresponding author ( Yangfuyu789@aliyun.com) Abstract Based on the concept of location quotient, Hainan Province can be divided into two regions: south and north. In this paper, the location quotient of the two regions is calculated to determine the extent of cluster development in each region. Meanwhile, the composition of Hainan tourism industry cluster is analyzed, the meaning of cluster development is expounded, and the mechanism of tourism cluster development is analyzed from the aspects of harmony and self-organization, so as to provide suggestions and help for the cluster development of tourism industry in Hainan Province. Key words: Tourism Culture; Location Quotient; Industrial Cluster 1. Introduction Currently, China attaches great importance to the development of tourism industry, and it has introduced a lot of preferential policies in the development of tourism and proposed the project of building Hainan International Tourism. Under such a big development background, the research on tourism in Hainan is very necessary. This is not only the responsibility of the majority of scholars, but also plays a very significant role in the economic development of our country. From a systematic point of view, there are many direct links between the tourism industry in Hainan, which make it develop and operate smoothly. To some extent, the tourism industry in Hainan can be seen as a system. Therefore, scholars can study the development of Hainan's tourism industry from a systematic perspective. On the other hand, Hainan's tourism industry can also be regarded as an industry which scholars can study from the angle of economics and management. If the situation is more comprehensive, they can be considered and studied together. The research angle of this article is to put system and industry together. According to the collection of relevant data, we can see that the research on industrial clusters at the present stage focuses on the industries that have been developing earlier. The other is the rapid development of high-tech industries. There are few studies on the cluster of tourism industries. There are a lot of research risks abroad in the study of tourism at the beginning of the 21st century. However, there are few studies in this area in China at the beginning of the 21st century. Only after many scholars research and discussion in 2003 has the possibility of existence of tourism industry clusters come into being. 2. Industrial cluster judgment The judgment of industrial cluster should be based on its definition and its characteristics. The definition and characteristics of industrial clusters are incisively elaborated from different angles by some scholars, which are represented by foreign scholar Porter and Wang Jici in China. This paper only adopts the location quotient method to determine the formation of Hainan tourism industry cluster quantitatively. The location quotient refers to the ratio of the output value of a particular sector in a region occupy a share of the total industrial output value and the nationwide department production is in nationwide total industrial output value. In regional economics, it is often used to judge whether an industry constitutes a regional specialization department. The location quotient is more than 1, it can be considered that the industry is the specialized department of the region. The larger the location quotient, the higher the specialization level. And if the location quotient is less than or equal to 1, the industry is considered as a self-sufficient department. At the same time, the location quotient is also a quantitative tool of industrial efficiency and efficiency analysis, and it is a common method of cluster identification, which is used to measure the degree of relative concentration in a particular area of a certain industry. The calculation formula of location quotient: LQ ( Mij / Mi) (/ Mkj / Mk) (1) Mij refers to the output value of industry J of I area, Li refers to the GDP of I region, Mkj refers to the output value of industry j on national k, Mk refers to the GDP of national k. The LQ is more than 1, which 498

2 indicates that the industry has formed specialization; if it more than 1. 12,which means it is a higher level of specialization. In the identification of industrial clusters, if the LQ is more than 1, it can be identified as the formation of industrial clusters. Based on the data of Hainan tourism industry from 2007to2015, this paper calculates the location quotient of Hainan tourism industry respectively. Project Year Table 1 Hainan Tourism ++Industry Location Quotient National Hainan Tourism Total Tourism revenue/(billio GDP/(Billi revenue/(bil n yuan) on yuan) lion yuan) Total GDP/(Billion yuan) Location Quotient It can be seen from table 1, the location quotient of Hainan tourism industry from all are more than 3.3, it has increased every year. The data fully explains the formation of Hainan tourism industry cluster, as well as strong growth momentum Hainan tourism comparing with all over the country. From the concentration situation of cluster in the geographical area, the 17 cities and counties of Hainan are divided into two areas-north and south, the north includes 8 cities and counties, the south includes 9 (see table 2). From the distribution of 51 scenic spots in Hainan province, and using the formula: si Mi Qi n n si Mi i 1 i 1 (2) Si refers to the number of scenic spots in area I, si for the region contains the number of cities and counties, n indicates the number of regions, Qi for the location quotient of the distribution in scenic region.caculating the location quotient of representative scenic spots distribution, generally speaking, Qi is more than 1, indicating that the area i has more distribution of scenic spots, on the contrary less. Qi is larger,the number of areas I scenic area is more, 0the agglomeration degree of the tourism industry cluster is high. From table 2, the location quotient of the representative scenic area in the northern region is 1.65, and the South location quotient is 1.71.Which reflects the difference of the agglomeration degree of the typical tourism scenic spots in the north and south of Hainan, and also reflects the higher agglomeration degree of the tourism cluster in the south of Hainan. Regional Northern 8 Southern 9 Table 2 Hainan North and South regional Location Quotient Number of cities Specific City A-level Proportion and and County scenic spot counties Haikou, Danzhou, Lingao, Wenchang, Qionghai, Chengmai, Tunchang Wanning, Qiongzhong, Dongfang, Baisha, Changjiang, Ledong, Baoting, Proport ion Location quotient

3 Lingshui, Sanya Summation Composition and structure of Hainan tourism industry cluster This paper holds that Hainan tourism industry cluster consists of the following three parts: The first part: The core industry, scenic spots(core attraction), tourist hotels, travel agencies, tour guides, tourist products and souvenirs sales industry. The second part: tourism led the industry, food and food processing industry, tourism real estate industry, tourism transport industry, tourism equipment supplier and maintenance service provider, tourism planning and consulting, tourism products production and processing, as well as landscaping, cleaning and other companies. The third part: Supporting institutions and service agencies, suppliers and relevant organizations, groups and institutions, including finance, insurance, communications, training institutions, government management departments and associations, which support the production and operation of cluster infrastructure, tourist activities and cluster enterprises. The structure of Hainan tourism industry cluster is divided into three levels from inside to outside, as shown in Fig. 1. Government The boundary of tourism industry cluster system Food Live Entertainment Infrastructure providers Tourism attractions and related enterprises Related organizations, institutions, groups Travelers Shopping Play Figure 1 The structure of Hainan tourism industry cluster First level (core layer): Tourist attractions (core attraction) and related enterprises. Second layer (auxiliary layer): food, housing, line, travel, purchase, entertainment subsystem. The third layer (support layer): suppliers (including government) and relevant organizations, groups and institutions, including finance, insurance, communications, training institutions, government management departments and associations, supporting the production and operation of cluster infrastructure, tourist tourism activities and cluster enterprises. 4. Implication of tourism industry cluster development The development of tourism industry cluster is a question that should be paid attention to from the beginning of tourism. In the past, most of the relevant literatures discuss the coordination of the development of tourism industry cluster from the static angle. The main index is a reasonable proportion of factor input, and this is only the basis of development. This paper discusses the broader perspective of cluster development, which is not only in the various elements of reasonable input on the basis of things' harmony, but also in social relations and humanistic spirit's harmony. The following are respective parties opinions from the perspective of harmonious management theory and from the perspective of self-organization theory. 4.1 Harmonious Management Theory The evolution and development of industrial clusters include two aspects: the first part is the development of the cluster system itself and the second part is the coordinated development of the cluster system and the external social and economic environment system. Harmonious management theory divides harmonious development into two aspects: harmony and coordination. Harmony refers to the reasonable investment of the 500

4 concepts and behaviors of people and the crowd in the organization. And coordination refers to all the material elements in the organization of a reasonable investment. And analyze them respectively from the He Principle of harmony and the Xie Principle. The He Principle is the basis to have relationship. There exists various social relations, organizational culture and humanistic spirit inside and outside the cluster system plays a crucial role in the development of clusters. In the past, these soft elements were often overlooked. The role of these soft elements and those elements, also known as the coordination and matching of hard elements, so the hard elements play its due role. The Xie Principle refers to the rational investment of those material elements. It refers to those material elements in the existing goals and conditions of the constraints, that is, under the condition of certainty to pursue an optimization process. 4.2 Self-organization Theory The tourism industry cluster system has several basic characteristics of self-organization: openness, away from equilibrium, non-linear effect, fluctuation. Through the analysis of the self-organization mechanism of tourism industry cluster, it is found that the synergy of competition and cooperation is the driving force of self-organization evolution of tourism industry cluster, and its order parameter is tourism culture. This also reflects the important role of culture in the tourism industry cluster. From the theory of self-organization, the development of tourism industry cluster system can be interpreted as that the system can spontaneously evolve from disordered state to orderly state and move towards higher order state. This evolution must ensure system coordination, at the same time it has the ability to exclude outside interference and sustainable development. 5. Systematic analysis of development and evolution of tourism industry cluster From the system science theory, the overall development of the system is closely related to the interrelationships and interactions among the various elements of the system and between the system and the external environment. Whether internal or external, system disharmony will affect the overall level of development of the system. Analysis of the tourism industry cluster system actually is the macroeconomic mechanism of its development. Tourism industry cluster is a phenomenon of aggregation of tourism industry. Within each cluster of tourism system, various subsystems of tourism, subsystems and the cluster system interact with the external environment through various interactions to form a complex open system. The following expounds its characteristics respectively from six aspects--he integrity, hierarchy, relevance, system openness, adaptability and environmental adaptability. Finance, insurance, communications Government, associations, governing bodies, local administrative bodies Infrastructure, equipment Food, souvenirs and supply of native products Sports and leisure equipment and facilities Restaurant Travel Tourist Hotel Core Attractions Airlines café Recreational facilities Construction, real estate, gardening, cleaning Health care Training institutions Cluster Organization Figure 2 Structure Chart of tourism industry cluster system Advertising and media The reason why a whole tourism industry cluster exists is precisely because it is a unified whole. Integrity is the most basic property of the system. This shows that the purpose, nature, movement rules and functions of each subsystem in the cluster can only be manifested as a whole. The purpose and performance of each subsystem should be subject to the needs of overall development. If each subsystem pursues the best results without regard to the overall interests, it may not necessarily be the best one. Conversely, even though each subsystem is not the most perfect one, the entire system can still be a good on by complementing, integrating 501

5 and coordinating. This is the integrity of the cluster system. Integrity determines that the overall functionality of the cluster system is greater than the linear sum of all subsystem functions. Hierarchical tourism industry cluster consists of at least three levels. Core layer: tourist attractions and related enterprises; auxiliary layer: food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping, entertainment and other subsystems, support layer: cluster infrastructure providers, related organizations, agencies and groups. The hierarchy of the cluster system is reflected in the relative independence and effectiveness of the functions at all levels. If destroying the independence and effectiveness of all levels, ultimately the efficiency of the system will be reduced. Correlation of the related tourism industry cluster refers to the mutual restraint, mutual influence and interdependence among the subsystems in the system. They are interconnected and interdependent in their operation. These links include structure, function and causal associations. The goal of the system is achieved through the functions of the subsystems and the proper and correct coordination between them. These connections determine the operation of the entire system. At the same time, the analysis of these links is also the basis for building clusters. Open tourism industry cluster is an open system, it exists in a certain external environment, and it constantly exchanges material, information and energy with the external environment. The main function of tourism industry cluster is to provide tourism consumers with travel products and tourism services, which determines its high degree of openness. The cluster takes tourism resources as the core layer and food, housing, transportation, tourism, shopping and entertainment subsystems as auxiliary layers and infrastructure providers, related organizations, institutions and groups as support layers. Each part of each layer is an open system. It not only continuously exchanges material, energy and information with the external environment, but more importantly it expands the connotation of openness for the competition and cooperation among various subsystems and between different parts. The basic components of adaptive tourism industry cluster are enterprises. Enterprises have their own purpose, initiative and adaptability. Every business is pursuing the maximization of its own interests, which is its purpose. Because of this purpose, it must actively and proactively achieve its goals, which are its initiative. In addition, the interaction and influence of various enterprises, elements, external enterprises, elements and internal and external environments in the cluster constantly change and affect each other constantly changing the cluster itself as well as changing the environment in which the cluster is located. This is the cluster's adaptability. The fundamental driving force of the development of tourism industry cluster is its adaptability. Environmental adaptability tourism industry cluster is operating in a certain environment, and constantly exchanges material, energy and information with the external environment. Systems that cannot adapt to changes in the environment are lifeless. The boundary of the cluster system refers to the dividing line between the cluster system and the external environment. Objectively, there is no obvious dividing line between the system and the environment. The boundaries are determined only for the convenience of research, the scope, scale and composition of the system and the limitation of the problems to be solved. 6. Development strategies of Hainan tourism cultural industry cluster 6.1. Cultural Guidance and to Create a Cluster Brand Tap its cultural connotation, build tourism and cultural industry cluster brand. The first is to highlight the characteristics, holding a series of folk festivals and showing Hainan's folk, mountain, sea and other specific culture. Relying on deep cultural heritage and mining cultural resources, show Hainan's unique ethnic customs, highlight the regional cultural connotation. The second is to organize folk festivals, highlight the unique cultural charm. The third is to integrate the industrial resources of the cluster, and build a brand image of tourism and cultural industries as a whole. In the construction of tourism and cultural industry cluster, we must integrate the resources with the characteristics of tourism and culture, and take the influence of famous historical and cultural cities, celebrities and folklore to expand the influence of tourism and cultural product brands. So that both domestic and foreign tourists can not only enjoy the reputation of Hainan, but also feel happy to have tourism brand products To Create a Cluster Advantage to Promote the Two-way Extension of the Industrial Chain The extension of the industrial chain direction of development should include transportation services, specialty photography, souvenir sales, tour guides, catering and accommodation industry. Unlike other economic industries, tourism cultural industries are secondary sales, the first time is to sold to tourists and spectators, earned an attraction, and sold this attraction for the second time to advertisers, gaining real value from advertisers profit. The extension of the industrial chain is to launch a series. Hainan is not only to see the sea, more is to see Hainan as a whole brand, make tourism, catering, entertainment, facilities and sightseeing form a system. 502

6 6.3. To Enhance the Government's Promotion of Tourism Cultural Industries Cluster Firstly, make a development plan of tourism cultural industry cluster. Planning is not only the direction of the development of tourism cultural industries cluster, but also an important guarantee to promote the development of clusters. Through the formulation of planning, the government guides the enterprises in the tourism cultural industry cluster to establish a consistent goal and enhance the cohesion of enterprises. According to the present state of Hainan's tourism resources, the government implements tourism projects and builds a tourism cultural industry gathering area, calls for extensive participation of tourist destination stakeholders and provides reference for them to jointly establish tourism in Hainan cultural industry cluster development strategy of implementation, and monitor the implementation of the results. Secondly, constructing the concept of "big tourism" in Hainan. The government should make full use of the popularity of Haikou, Sanya and other regions to create a tourism and cultural industry cluster in the whole province. Innovating coastal tourism forms and promoting the whole Hainan as a large tourism and cultural industry cluster are for raising foreign popularity and to create a big tourism pattern. 7. Conclusion To create a good environment for cluster development, the government should attach importance to the development of tourism cultural industry clusters, strengthen the construction of tourism authorities and complete the tourism management system. Supervise the quality of travel services of travel agencies, tourist hotels, tourist attractions, tourist shopping stores and other related travel enterprises, which should regulate the operation of these enterprises. Establishing a credit rating system for tourism enterprises hundred percent assessment system and setting the tourism industry complaints hotline are good methods in order to achieve the tourism industry standardization and cooperation in the development of trust and create a good development environment for tourism cultural industry cluster. References Francisco González Santa-Cruz,Tomás López-Guzmán. Culture, tourism and World Heritage Sites, Tourism Management Perspectives,2017,24. Sergey Sosnovskikh. Industrial clusters in Russia: The development of special economic zones and industrial parks, Russian Journal of Economics,2017,3(2). T. Qu,D.X. Nie,C.D. Li,Matthias Thürer,George Q. Huang. Optimal Configuration of Assembly Supply Chains Based on Hybrid Augmented Lagrangian Coordination in an Industrial Cluster, Computers & Industrial Engineering,2017,. Giusy Cardia,J. I. Pulido Fernández. The Model Do-Di: An Emerging Methodology for the Management of the Relation Between Tourism, Culture and Development[M].Springer International Publishing: ]Brendan Canavan. Tourism culture: Nexus, characteristics, context and sustainability, Tourism Management,2016,53. Xiufang Li. Minority Regional Tourism Development and the Refactoring of Minority Culture, Open Journal of Social Sciences,2015,03(09). Philip Seaton,Takayoshi Yamamura. Japanese Popular Culture and Contents Tourism Introduction, Japan Forum,2015,27(1). Monkgogi Lenao,Jarkko Saarinen. Integrated rural tourism as a tool for community tourism development: exploring culture and heritage projects in the North-East District of Botswana, South African Geographical Journal,2015,97(2). Damir Demonja,Tatjana Gredičak. Tourism and culture in the function of local economic development, Podravina: scientific multidisciplinary research journal,2015,14(27). Xiao Wenwen,Zhao Bingxin,Wang Lili. Marine Industrial Cluster Structure and Its Coupling Relationship with Urban Development: a Case pf Shandong Province, Polish Maritime Research,2016,23(s1). Noleen Pisa,Wilma Viviers,Riaan Rossouw. Enhancing Industrial Cluster Formation Through the Realistic Export Opportunities of the TRADE DSM, South African Journal of Economics,2017,85(3). 503