ETS National Assessment Framework Science

Transcription

1 Domain I Nature of Safety in : Recognize and apply the principles and patterns of behavior that constitute safe practices as individuals and as members of a local and global community K-2.SI.1.1 Know basic safety rules and procedures. K-2.SI.1.2 Know that individual practices affect the physical environment. Mathematics and Technology in : Identify and analyze mathematical models used in scientific contexts; describe how technology is used to increase scientific knowledge K-2.SI.2.1 Make computations using simple math models (add and subtract whole numbers) to represent information. K-2.SI.2.2 Identify units of measurement. K-2.SI.2.3 Use estimation skills prior to problem-solving and measuring to determine reasonableness. K-2.SI.2.4 Use simple tools and instruments to measure, view objects, gather information and extend the senses; instruments include but are not limited to: balances, clocks with second hands, computers, eye droppers, hand lenses, measuring cups, meter sticks, metric rulers, thermometers, etc. K-2.SI.2.5 Record information in simple data charts (e.g., tally charts) and construct simple bar graphs or pictograms. K-2.SI.2.6a Recognize that some objects occur in nature while others are designed to solve human problems and enhance the quality of life. K-2.SI.2.6b Recognize that tools are used to increase the ability to do tasks (e.g., magnifiers are used to see structures and features of plants and animals). 1

2 Domain I Nature of Scientific Investigations: Identify and analyze procedures used to conduct a scientific inquiry; know the characteristics of non-biased experimentation in response to a question K-2.SI.3.1 Make observations using senses. K-2.SI.3.2a Develop and conduct fair tests or simple experiments. K-2.SI.3.2b Ask questions, make observations using senses, and make predictions. K-2.SI.3.2c Record data, report, and explain findings. Historical and Cultural Perspectives in : Identify and evaluate the qualities of science exploration and observation as a human endeavor in a historical and/or cultural context K-2.SI.4.1 Know that working in groups and sharing findings are helpful in studying science. K-2.SI.4.2 Know that science is investigated similarly in different places and results generally can be duplicated. K-2.SI.4.3 Identify the names and primary works of scientists from a variety of ethnic/cultural groups throughout the history of science (e.g., Thomas Edison, Jane Goodall, George Washington Carver, Edward Jenner, Rachel Carson, Louis Pasteur). K-2.SI.4.4 Know how science and society influence one another by identifying key discoveries, inventions, and technologies and their role in human advancement (e.g., the Wright Brothers' flight and transportation, agricultural development, vaccinations, telegraphy). Scientific Communication: Represent scientific information in a variety of ways and evaluate the accuracy of science-related media K-2.SI.5.1 Identify an object in terms of the parts that make up the object and how the parts are needed (i.e., a toy may not work if a part is missing). 2

3 K-2.SI.5.2 Use a model to describe another object. ETS National Assessment Framework Domain I Nature of K-2.SI.5.3 Use bar graphs or pictograms to communicate data and show what kind of change is happening. K-2.SI.5.4 Make drawings to communicate observations. K-2.SI.5.5 Explain how basic observable patterns and changes can help predict future events based on those patterns (e.g., seasonal weather patterns). K-2.SI.5.6 Describe objects based on various attributes (e.g., size, shape, color, weight, movement). Domain II Life Structure and Function in Living Systems: Identify and explain the structures and functions of cells and living systems of organisms and recognize that organisms have various responses to stimuli K-2.SII.1.1a Recognize that plants and animals have specific physical characteristics (e.g., plants: broad leaves, narrow leaves; animals: body coverings such as scales, fur, feathers). K-2.SII.1.1b Identify the parts of a plant (e.g., roots, stems, leaves, flowers). K-2.SII.1.1c Describe various animals in terms of appearance and motion (e.g., fish swims with fins to move up-and-down or forward and backward, snake moves quickly side-side). K-2.SII.1.2 Recognize that some diseases are caused by germs while some are not. 3

4 Domain II Life Matter and Energy in Organisms: Identify and describe the fundamental biochemical molecules, the chemical reactions involved in cell function, and the processing of energy in organisms K-2.SII.2.1a Identify the basic needs of plants (e.g., air, water, light, nutrients) and animals (e.g., air, water, food, shelter). K-2.SII.2.1b Recognize that eating a variety of healthful foods and getting enough exercise and rest help people to stay healthy. Heredity: Recognize and explain the mechanisms used by organisms to transmit genetic information to new generations K-2.SII.3.1a Know that there are similarities and differences in growth and development of organisms. K-2.SII.3.1b Distinguish between living and nonliving things. K-2.SII.3.1c Recognize that plants and animals grow and reproduce. K-2.SII.3.1d Recognize that plants and animals have life cycles that vary. K-2.SII.3.2 Recognize that parents produce offspring similar to themselves and each other. K-2.SII.3.3 Recognize that individuals of a population show variation (e.g., striped patterns on zebras, hair and color patterns on dog breeds, patterns on whale flukes). Diversity Among Organisms: Demonstrate how organisms are classified based on similarities and differences K-2.SII.4.1 Group living and nonliving things according to observable physical attributes. Ecology: Recognize and analyze the interactions and interdependence between organisms and within their environments K-2.SII.5.1a Recognize that organisms interact with the environment through their senses. K-2.SII.5.1b Recognize the effect of weather and seasonal changes on organisms. 4

5 Domain II Life K-2.SII.5.2 Recognize that living things are found almost everywhere in the world and that distinct environments support the life of different types of plants and animals. K-2.SII.5.3 Describe how an organism's habitat provides for its basic needs. K-2.SII.5.4 Recognize that animals use other organisms for food, shelter, and nesting. K-2.SII.5.5 Recognize that many materials can be recycled and reused, sometimes in different forms. Change in Species Over Time: Explain the concept of natural selection and how it contributes to adaptation, behavior, diversity of life forms, extinction, and speciation K-2.SII.6.1 Recognize that fossil evidence provides information about organisms that once lived on Earth. K-2.SII.6.2 Recognize that plants and animals have features and behaviors that help them in different environments. Domain III Physical Structure of Matter: Describe and analyze the hierarchical structure of matter K-2.SIII.1.1 Recognize that objects are made of different types of materials. Properties of Matter: Identify common physical and chemical properties of matter and explain the factors that determine those properties K-2.SIII.2.1a Recognize that different objects have different observable properties (e.g., color, shape, size, weight). K-2.SIII.2.1b Classify objects by observable properties (e.g., size, color, weight). 5

6 Domain III Physical K-2.SIII.2.2a Recognize that materials can have their properties changed (e.g., heating, freezing, mixing, cutting, dissolving, bending) but not all materials respond the same way to what is done to them. K-2.SIII.2.2b Identify examples of solids, liquids, or gases. Chemical and Nuclear Reactions: Identify and describe common types of chemical reactions and nuclear processes and explain how they involve rearrangement of matter and conversion of matter to energy K-2.SIII.3.1 Recognize that water in an open container will disappear, but water in a closed container does not. Force and Motion: Describe the behavior of fundamental forces and explain how balanced and unbalanced forces affect motion K-2.SIII.4.1 Recognize that objects near Earth fall to the ground unless something holds them up. K-2.SIII.4.2a Recognize that the position of an object can be described by locating it relative to another object or the background. K-2.SIII.4.2b Describe different ways that objects and materials can move (e.g., straight line, zigzag, circular motion, up-and-down, back-and-forth). K-2.SIII.4.2c Recognize that pushing or pulling an object can change the object's position and motion and the greater the push or pull, the greater the change in the motion. Work, Power, and Simple Machines: Identify and analyze the scientific principles of work and power and explain how simple machines make work easier Energy and Energy Transformations: Identify and describe the various forms of energy and demonstrate how energy can be transferred and transformed K-2.SIII.6.1 Recognize that the Sun provides light and heat to Earth. 6

7 Domain III Physical Thermal Energy and Heat Transfer: Identify and analyze the basic principles of thermal energy and describe the different ways heat can be transferred K-2.SIII.7.1 Recognize that there are different ways to produce heat (e.g., burning, rubbing, mixing substances together). Sound and Light Waves: Describe the characteristics of mechanical and electromagnetic waves and recognize how waves interact with matter K-2.SIII.8.1 Recognize that sound is produced by vibrating objects. K-2.SIII.8.2a Recognize that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object. K-2.SIII.8.2b Recognize that we see objects because light strikes them. Electricity and Magnetism: Identify and analyze the basic principles and applications of electricity and magnetism K-2.SIII.9.1 Recognize that electricity in circuits can produce light, heat, sound, and magnetic effects. K-2.SIII.9.2 Recognize that magnets can be used to make some things move without being touched. Domain IV Earth and Space s Characteristics of the Earth System: Recognize and describe the characteristics of the Earth system K-2.SIV.1.1 Recognize that water, rocks, soil, and living organisms are found on Earth's surface. K-2.SIV.1.2 Know that the Sun provides heat and light to Earth and is necessary for life. 7

8 Domain IV Earth and Space s Earth s History: Recognize and interpret the evidence that provides information about similarities and differences of earth processes over time Earth s Surface Features: Recognize and explain the processes that shape Earth s surface Earth Materials: Explain the origin and composition of rocks and minerals and the composition and properties of soils K-2.SIV.4.1 Recognize that rocks come in different shapes and sizes (e.g., boulders, pebbles, sand). Atmospheric Processes, Climate, and Water in the Earth System: Recognize and describe atmospheric processes and explain the relationships between atmospheric processes, climate, and water in the Earth system K-2.SIV.5.1 Recognize that air is a mixture of gases that is all around us. K-2.SIV.5.2 Recognize that some weather conditions (e.g., temperature, wind, rain, snow) can change daily while weather patterns change over the seasons. K-2.SIV.5.3 Recognize that water can be a solid or a liquid and can change from one form to the other. 8

9 Domain IV Earth and Space s Motion of Earth and the Moon: Interpret the motions of Earth and the Moon and describe how they relate to phenomena on Earth K-2.SIV.6.1a Identify some events around us that have repeating patterns, including seasons of the year, day and night. K-2.SIV.6.1b Describe the basic patterns of the Moon (e.g., appears sometimes at night and sometimes during the day; appears to move from east to west across the sky; appears to change shape over the course of a month). The Solar System: Recognize and describe the characteristics of components of the solar system The Sun and Other Stars: Recognize and describe the characteristics of the Sun and other stars K-2.SIV.8.1 Recognize the basic patterns of the Sun (e.g., the Sun appears every day; the Sun appears to move from east to west across the sky; the Sun s position in the sky changes through the seasons). K-2.SIV.8.2 Know that there are innumerable stars that are scattered unevenly and are of unequal brightness. The Universe: Recognize and describe characteristics of the universe and describe tools that are used to study the universe 9