ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT LAND AT STOKE ROAD HOO ST WERBURGH MEDWAY KENT

Transcription

1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT LAND AT STOKE ROAD HOO ST WERBURGH KENT November 2017

2 Local Planning Authority: Medway Council Site centred at: TQ Author: James Archer BA (Hons) ACIfA Approved by: Suzanne Gailey BA (Hons) MA MCIfA Report Status: Final Issue Date: November 2017 CgMs Ref: JA/SG/23833 CgMs Limited No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL

3 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent CONTENTS Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background, with Assessment of Significance (Including map regression exercise) 5.0 Site Conditions and the Proposed Development (Review of Potential Impact on Archaeological Assets) 6.0 Summary and Conclusions Sources Consulted LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2a HER Data Plot (Kent HER) Fig. 2b Event Data Plot (Kent HER) Fig. 3 LiDAR Data Plot Fig Andrews, Dury & Herbert Fig Hoo St Werburgh Tithe Map Fig Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Fig Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Fig Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Fig Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Fig Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Fig Google Earth Image Fig Google Earth Image Fig Google Earth Image Fig. 14 Proposed Development LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Plate 2: Plate 3: Plate 4: View facing north from south west corner of caravan park View of structures at southern end of caravan park View facing north from south east corner of caravan park View from entrance to eastern part of study site, facing north east CgMs Consulting 1 JA/SG/23833

4 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent Plate 5: Plate 6: Plate 7: Plate 8: Plate 9: Plate 10: Plate 11: Plate 12: Plate 13: Plate 14: View from entrance to eastern part of study site, facing east View from entrance to eastern part of study site, facing south east View facing east along northern boundary of caravan park View facing south through central area of caravan park View facing west along northern boundary of caravan park View of eastern side of caravan park, facing south View of north east area of caravan park in likely location of former pillbox View of eastern half of study site from southern boundary along Stoke Road, facing north west View of eastern half of study site from south east corner, facing north west View of eastern half of study site from south east corner, facing north CgMs Consulting 2 JA/SG/23833

5 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent has been assessed for its belowground archaeological potential. No designated archaeological assets, as defined in the NPPF, are recorded on or in close proximity to the study site. The site lies within an Area of Archaeological Potential as defined by Kent County Council due to the Hoo St Werburgh to Lodge Hill line of pillboxes. The World War II stop line is known from aerial photographic and lidar evidence to cross the northeastern corner of the northern parcel of the study site although no earthwork remains were observed during a recent site visit. A World War II pillbox is no longer present on the site. The proposed development has the potential to impact archaeological remains of a local significance. Consequently, it is likely that further archaeological mitigation measures will be required by the local authority s archaeological advisor but these measures could follow planning permission secured by an appropriately worded archaeological planning condition. CgMs Consulting 3 JA/SG/23833

6 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY 1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched by Jazmin Sexton and prepared by James Archer of CgMs Consulting on behalf of Dean Lewis Estates Ltd. 1.2 The subject of this Assessment comprises three parcels of land, also referred to as the study site, at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent. The northern parcel of land is proposed for residential development, the central parcel of land is proposed for highways improvements, and the southern parcel of land is proposed as an additional attenuation basin. The total site is c.2.79ha in extent and is centered at TQ within Medway Council (Fig. 1). 1.3 Dean Lewis Estates Ltd have commissioned CgMs Consulting to establish the archaeological potential of the study site, and to provide guidance on ways to accommodate any archaeological constraints identified. 1.4 In accordance with central, and local government policy and guidance on archaeology and planning, and in accordance with the Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments (Chartered Institute for Archaeologists August 2014), this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the site. 1.5 This desk-based assessment comprises an examination of evidence on the Kent Historic Environment Record and other sources, and includes the results of a comprehensive map regression exercise. A site visit was carried out in October The Assessment thus enables relevant parties to assess the archaeological potential of various parts of the site and to consider the need for design, civil engineering, and archaeological solutions to the archaeological potential identified. CgMs Consulting 4 JA/SG/23833

7 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 2.0 DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK 2.1 In March 2012, the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), which replaced previous national policy relating to heritage and archaeology (PPS5: Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment). The National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG) was published online 6 th March 2014 and updated 10 th April 2014 ( 2.2 Section 12 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 12 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the: Delivery of sustainable development Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, and Recognition of the contribution that heritage assets make to our understanding of the past. 2.3 Section 12 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 128 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset. 2.4 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process. 2.5 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds, or potentially could hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of CgMs Consulting 5 JA/SG/23833

8 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them. 2.6 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises a: World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area. 2.7 Significance is defined as: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset s physical presence, but also from its setting. 2.8 Setting is defined as: The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral. 2.9 In short, government policy provides a framework which: Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas) Protects the settings of such designations In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation In considering any planning application for development, the planning authority will be mindful of the framework set by government policy, in this instance the NPPF, by current Development Plan Policy and by other material considerations The relevant Local Plan framework is provided by the Medway Local Plan (adopted 2003, retained in 2007). Policies relevant to the historic environment comprise: POLICY BNE20 SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENTS SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENTS ARE DEFINED ON THE PROPOSALS MAP. DEVELOPMENT AFFECTING SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENTS OR OTHER NATIONALLY IMPORTANT SITES WILL NOT BE PERMITTED IF IT WOULD: CgMs Consulting 6 JA/SG/23833

9 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent (I) (II) DAMAGE OR DESTROY SUCH SITES; OR BE DETRIMENTAL TO THEIR SETTING. POLICY BNE 21 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES DEVELOPMENT AFFECTING POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WILL NOT BE PERMITTED, UNLESS: (I) THE DEVELOPER, AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL OFFICER, HAS ARRANGED FOR AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD EVALUATION TO BE CARRIED OUT BY AN APPROVED ARCHAEOLOGICAL BODY BEFORE ANY DECISION ON THE PLANNING APPLICATION IS MADE; AND (II) IT WOULD NOT LEAD TO THE DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION OF IMPORTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS. THERE WILL BE A PREFERENCE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF IMPORTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS IN SITU. (III) WHERE DEVELOPMENT WOULD BE DAMAGING TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS, SUFFICIENT TIME AND RESOURCES ARE MADE AVAILABLE FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION UNDERTAKEN BY AN APPROVED ARCHAEOLOGICAL BODY. SUCH INVESTIGATIONS SHOULD BE IN ADVANCE OF DEVELOPMENT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SPECIFICATION AND PROGRAMME OF WORK APPROVED BY THE COUNCIL. RESOURCES SHOULD ALSO BE MADE AVAILABLE FOR THE PUBLICATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION In terms of relevant designated archaeological assets, as defined above and as shown on Figure 2, the site does not lie within the vicinity of a World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Historic Battlefield or Historic Wreck site. The nearest Listed Buildings to the study site are a line of pillboxes m to the north. This report will address archaeological matters only The study site lies within an Area of Archaeological Potential due to the Hoo St Werburgh to Lodge Hill line of pillboxes, as defined by Kent County Council This desk based assessment therefore aims to meet the national and local policy and policy guidance as set out above, in clarifying the archaeological potential of the study site and the need or otherwise for further mitigation measures. CgMs Consulting 7 JA/SG/23833

10 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 3.1 Geology The bedrock geology of the study site is London Clay Formation, as shown by the British Geological Survey Sheet 272 (BGS Online 2017). This is overlain by Head (Clay & Silt) deposits. Head deposits are typically formed through a process of solifluction, whereby frost damaged and weathered material moved downhill, in periglacial environments, as ice and snow melted (BGS 1996: 123) No site specific or British Geological Survey geotechnical information is currently available. 3.2 Topography The northern parcel of the study site gently slopes from c.21m AOD (Above Ordnance Datum) in the north west corner, down to c.13m AOD in the south east corner. The central parcel of the study site is located on generally level ground adjacent to the Stoke Road at c.13m AOD. The southern parcel of the study site is located on land which gently slopes from c.8m AOD at the northern boundary down to c.7m AOD at the southern boundary The study site lies c.1.1km north of the River Medway. A small north-south aligned drain flows through the centre of the northern parcel of the study site. CgMs Consulting 8 JA/SG/23833

11 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, WITH ASSESSEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (Including Historic Map Regression exercise) 4.1 Timescales used in this report: Prehistoric Palaeolithic 900,000-12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000-4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000-1,800 BC Bronze Age 1, BC Iron Age AD 43 Historic Roman AD Anglo Saxon/Early Medieval AD Medieval AD Post Medieval AD Modern AD Present 4.2 Introduction What follows comprises a review of known archaeological assets within a 1km radius of the study site (Fig. 2), also referred to as the study area, held on the Kent Historic Environment Record (HER), together with a historic map regression exercise charting the development of the study area from the 18 th century onwards until the present day This chapter reviews the available archaeological evidence for the study site and the archaeological/historical background of the general area, and, in accordance with NPPF, considers the potential for any as yet to be discovered archaeological evidence on the study site Chapter 5 subsequently considers the site conditions and whether the proposed development will impact the theoretical archaeological potential identified below. CgMs Consulting 9 JA/SG/23833

12 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 4.3 Early Prehistoric: Palaeolithic & Mesolithic No Palaeolithic finds have been recorded within a 1km radius of the study site. Generally, Palaeolithic finds are scarce in the Hoo Peninsula as it is an area of Tertiary bedrock lacking lithic raw material for tool manufacture. The Medway Valley Palaeolithic Project considers this part of the Medway to have a medium potential for evidence that would enhance our knowledge of the Pleistocene landscape history of the area (Figure 2b, Wenban-Smith et al 2009). However important geoarchaeological deposits are unlikely to be present on the site No finds of Mesolithic date have been identified within a one kilometre radius of the study site A generally low potential for artefactual evidence is identified for these periods at the study site itself. 4.4 Later Prehistoric: Neolithic, Bronze Age & Iron Age Sherds of residual prehistoric pottery and worked flint were recorded during archaeological investigations c.540m south of the study site (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 204, TQ ) Evidence of possible boundary ditches of a Bronze Age to Iron Age date was recorded at 28 Church Street c.820m to the south west of the study site (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 225, TQ ). Further similarly dated ditches, possibly related to a field system, were identified at Bells Lane c.800m north west of the study site (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 190, TQ ) Overall, the likelihood of Late Prehistoric evidence being found on the study site is thought to be low to moderate and is considered most likely to comprise landscape features such as field boundaries and/or residual artefacts rather than in situ settlement evidence. 4.5 Iron Age and Roman The Thameside and Medway Marshes were centres of Romano-British industrial activity until the 3rd century AD. Traces of Romano-British occupation and salt CgMs Consulting 10 JA/SG/23833

13 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent production are recorded at Hoo Saltings, c.1.6km south east of the study site (Griffin 2004) Linear cropmark features identified from aerial photographs c.500m north of the study site have been interpreted as a rectangular Roman enclosed settlement, although the features may also be field boundaries or drains (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 30, ) Three residual sherds of Roman greyware pottery were identified within colluvial deposits during a watching brief at Bells Lane, Hoo St Werburgh c.500m to the north west of the study site (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 189, TQ ) A possible Roman ditch and a pit were found during an evaluation at 28 Church Street, c.820m south west of the study site (HER Refs: TQ 77 SE 1361, TQ ; TQ 77 SE 226, TQ ) A Roman copper alloy coin was found c.630m east of the study site (HER Ref: MKE 79813, TQ ) The study site lies within a late Iron Age and Roman agricultural landscape, to the north of the Hoo Marshes. The archaeological potential for settlement evidence dating to these periods is therefore considered to be low, with any features present most likely to be associated with agriculture. 4.6 Anglo Saxon & Medieval Mid Saxon to Post-Medieval occupational features were recorded at 28 Church Street c.820m south west of the study site in 2007 prior to construction of a housing development (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 227, TQ ) and a sherd of Anglo-Saxon pottery was discovered c.675m to the south west of the study site during a watching brief in 1999 (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 1319, TQ ) A Nunnery was founded at Hoo in c by Werburgh, daughter of King Wulfhere of Mercia. It is thought that this was either destroyed or dissolved in the 9th century (c.840). The parish church is still dedicated to Werburgh although no trace of the nunnery survives and its location is unknown The historic core of Hoo St Werburgh, would have focused on the church c m south west of the study site, and probably developed from the Saxon period manor of CgMs Consulting 11 JA/SG/23833

14 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent Hoo (Hasted 1798), although Hoo is not recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 (Domesday Online 2017). Substantial Medieval features have been identified within the historic core including a kiln and substantial butchery debris (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 1361, TQ ) The remains of a moat were first identified from an aerial photograph taken in 1950 c.820m to the south east of the study site. Subsequent archaeological excavations revealed some occupational evidence, but no building remains. The moat is dated to between the 13 th and 15 th centuries (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 24, TQ ) A late Medieval post hole was identified containing a single sherd of abraded 13 th century pottery during an archaeological evaluation at Bells Lane c.800m north west of the study site (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 191, TQ ) Further findspots within the study area comprise a Medieval lead seal found at Walters Road, Hoo, c.550m west of the study site (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 33, TQ ), and eight sherds of Medieval pottery found c.650m south east of the study site (HER Ref: MKE71543, TQ ) It is likely that the site remained in open agricultural or pastoral land throughout these periods some distance from the historic core, and as such a generally low archaeological potential is identified for settlement evidence, although evidence of agricultural activity and land division could conceivably be present. 4.7 Post Medieval and Modern (including map regression exercise) The Andrews, Dury and Herbert Map of Kent (Fig. 4: 1769) shows the site in open land north east of the village of Hoo. White House Farm is recorded by the HER immediately adjacent to northern parcel of the study site (HER Ref: MKE83331, TQ ) and this is most likely the buildings shown to the south of the study site on the 1769 map. The Hoo Marshes are to the south The Hoo St Werburgh Tithe Map and Award of 1840 (Fig. 5) record the study site as Pasture and each parcel within the study site is recorded as follows: 125 White House (Pasture) 126 Parsonage Garden & Cottage (Arable) CgMs Consulting 12 JA/SG/23833

15 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 418 Behind the Orchard (Pasture) 419 Barn Meadow (Pasture) 420 Part of Barn Meadow (Pasture) The Ordnance Survey map of 1870 (Fig. 6) shows only minor internal field boundary changes. By 1897 (Fig. 7) the western part of the northern parcel of the study site is shown as orchard, and this is shown more clearly by 1909 (Fig. 8). The Ordnance Survey Map (Fig. 9) shows only minor internal boundary changes within the study site The line of the Hoo Peninsula World War Two Stop Line from Medway to north-east of Hoo St Werburgh ran across the north eastern part of the northern parcel of the study site (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 1323; TQ 77 SE 1322; TQ 77 SE 1324) and is also visible on aerial photography (Fig ) and the LiDAR plot (see Section 4.8 below). A number of pillboxes would have been constructed along the stop line including the FW3/24 type defensive pillbox located in the north west area of the study site (since demolished) (HER Ref: TQ 77 SE 97, TQ ) There was no apparent change to the northern parcel of the study site by the 1960s whilst the central and southern parcels comprised orchard by this date (Fig. 10) By the 1990s, the orchard was cleared in the northern parcel and the 1990 Google Earth Image (Fig. 11) shows the western part of the northern parcel comprised as a caravan park and outbuildings. The remainder of the northern parcel remained pasture whilst the orchard in the central and southern parcels had been removed and replaced with scattered trees. There has been no subsequent change to the northern parcel apart from minor internal field boundary changes, and a number of trees have been removed from the central and southern parcels (Figs ) The archaeological potential of the study site for Post-Medieval evidence is low and is confined to any remains of former field boundaries and agricultural activity. Evidence of the former stop line associated with the WWII anti-tank defences in the north eastern area of the northern parcel of the study site and for sub-surface remains of the former pillbox within the north west area of the northern parcel of the study site could conceivably be present. CgMs Consulting 13 JA/SG/23833

16 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 4.8 LiDAR Data Plot (Fig. 3) The World War Two stop line defensive ditch can be seen clearly immediately north east of the study site, cutting across the north east corner of the northern parcel of the study site. It is known to then turn north west, although this is not visible on the LiDAR plot Evidence for modern agricultural activity can be seen, particularly in the eastern area of the northern parcel of the study site, and a drainage ditch can be seen running north-south through the eastern half of the northern parcel The western half of the northern parcel, and the central and southern parcels show no obvious archaeological features. 4.9 Assessment of Significance Existing national policy guidance for archaeology (the NPPF as referenced in section 2) enshrines the concept of the significance of heritage assets. Significance as defined in the NPPF centres on the value of an archaeological or historic asset for its heritage interest to this or future generations No designated archaeological assets, as defined in the NPPF, are recorded on or in close proximity to the study site. The site lies within an Area of Archaeological Potential for the Hoo St Werburgh to Lodge Hill line of pillboxes. The World War Two stop line is a non-designated archaeological asset that extends across the northeastern corner of the study site. Any evidence associated with the defences in the north eastern area of the northern parcel of the study site and the former pillbox within the north west area of the northern parcel of the study site is considered to be of local significance The study site is considered to have a low to moderate archaeological potential for evidence of Later Prehistoric landscape features and a low archaeological potential for all other pre-modern periods of past human activity Any archaeological evidence is likely to be of local archaeological significance when considered alongside the Secretary of State s non-statutory criteria for designation of Scheduled Monuments (DCMS, October 2013). CgMs Consulting 14 JA/SG/23833

17 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 5.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT (Review of potential impact upon Archaeological Assets) 5.1 Site Conditions A site visit to the northern parcel of the study site was carried out in October The eastern half of the northern parcel currently comprises pastoral fields used as horse paddocks, whilst the western half comprises a caravan storage park (Plates 1-14). No evidence was observed of any earthwork remains associated with the former World War Two stop line in the north east corner of the northern parcel. The former pillbox recorded on the HER in the north-west of the northern parcel has been removed Construction of the World War II defensive earthworks and structures, and 20 th century agricultural buildings, will have had a negative destructive impact on below ground archaeological remains Historic agricultural activity would have had a widespread but superficially damaging impact on any sub-surface horizons. The planting and subsequent grubbing out of the orchard during the late 19th and 20th centuries would have had a moderate, widespread impact on sub-surface horizons across the western half of the study site. 5.2 The Proposed Development (Fig. 14) Outline planning application is sought for demolition of all buildings and structures and development of previously developed land and undeveloped land for up to 65 dwellings and associated works and infrastructure (all matters reserved save for means of access). 5.3 Review of potential development impacts upon Heritage Assets The proposed development on the study site will not impact any designated archaeological assets The proposed development has the potential to impact on non-designated heritage asset associated with the former World War II stop line. Any archaeological remains will be of no more than local significance. CgMs Consulting 15 JA/SG/23833

18 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent 6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 6.1 Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent has been assessed for its belowground archaeological potential. 6.2 No designated archaeological assets, as defined in the NPPF, are recorded on or in close proximity to the study site. The site lies within an Area of Archaeological Potential for the Hoo St Werburgh to Lodge Hill line of pillboxes. The World War II stop line is known from aerial photographic and lidar evidence to cross the north eastern corner of the northern parcel of the study site although no earthwork remains were observed during a recent site visit. A World War II pillbox is no longer present on the site. 6.3 The study site is considered to have a low to moderate archaeological potential for evidence of Later Prehistoric landscape features and a low archaeological potential for all other pre-modern periods of past human activity. 6.4 The proposed development has the potential to impact archaeological remains of no more than a local significance. 6.5 Consequently, it is likely that further archaeological mitigation measures will be required by the local authority s archaeological advisor but these measures could follow planning permission secured by an appropriately worded archaeological planning condition. CgMs Consulting 16 JA/SG/23833

19 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent SOURCES CONSULTED 1. General British Library Kent Historic Environment Record (HER) Kent History & Library Centre The National Archives 2. Internet British Geological Survey British History Online Domesday Online Historic England: The National Heritage List for England Portable Antiquities Scheme 3. Bibliographic British Geological Survey British Regional Geology London and the Thames Valley Fourth Edition 1996 Chartered Institute for Archaeologists Standard & Guidance for historic environment desk based assessment August 2014 unpublished document DCMS Scheduled Monuments and nationally important but non-scheduled monuments 2013 Department of Communities and Local Government National Planning Policy Framework 2012 Department of Communities and Local Government/Department of Culture Media and Sport/English Heritage PPS5 Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide 2010 Griffin, N. An Archaeological Post Excavation Assessment of Damhead Creek, Kingsnorth Power Station and associated works, Hoo St Werburgh 2004 Hasted The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, Volume 4. Historic England (formerly English Heritage) Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment 2008 Historic England Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 1 The Historic Environment in Local Plans July 2015 unpublished document CgMs Consulting 17 JA/SG/23833

20 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Medway, Kent Historic England Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 2 Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment July 2015 unpublished document Historic England Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 3 The Setting of Heritage Assets July 2015 unpublished document Margary I. D. Roman Roads of Britain 1955 Mills, A.D. A Dictionary of British Place Names 1991 Wenban-Smith, FF, MR Bates & G. Marshall Medway Valley Palaeolithic Project Final Report: The Palaeolithic Resource in the Medway Gravels (Kent). Wessex Archaeology Bells Lane Hoo St Werburgh Kent (Phase 1) Pro-active Archaeological Monitoring Report. Wessex Archaeology Proposed Lagoon, Land South of "The Pastures", Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh, Kent. Archaeological Investigations: Trial Trenching; Strip, Map and Sample Excavation; Watching Brief. 4. Cartographic 1769 Andrews, Dury & Herbert Map of Kent 1840 Hoo St Werburgh Tithe Map 1870 Ordnance Survey (1:10560) 1897 Ordnance Survey (1:10560) 1909 Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Ordnance Survey (1:10560) 1960 Google Earth Image 1961 Ordnance Survey (1:10560) 1988 Ordnance Survey (1:10000) 1990 Google Earth Image 2003 Google Earth Image 2007 Google Earth Image 2015 Google Earth Image CgMs Consulting 18 JA/SG/23833

21 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 1.mxd MP / Cooling Hertfordshire High Halstow A228 Essex Stoke Greater London Hoo St Werburgh Chattenden Kingsnorth Surrey Kent A289 Lower Upnor Upnor West Sussex East Sussex Scale at A4: 1:5, m Site Boundary ± Figure 1: Site Location Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right [2017]

22 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 2a HER.mxd MP / TQ 77 SE 1327 TQ 77 SE 1326 TQ 77 SE 1326!( TQ 77 SE 191!( TQ 77 SE 190 TQ 77 SE 1325 TQ 77 SE 148 TQ 77 SE 189 #* TQ 77 SE 1326 GF GF TQ 77 SE 1327!( TQ 77 SE 1327 TQ 77 SE 100!( $+ TQ 77 SE 1327 TQ 77 SE 1327 TQ 77 SE 1327 GF MKE83324 TQ 77 SE 33 #* $+ #* MKE66924 TQ 77 SE 226 TQ 77 SE 1327 TQ 77 SE 1327 MKE83325 TQ 77 SE 11 TQ 77 SE 113!( MKE84784 $+ $+!(!( TQ 77 SE 30 GF!( #* #*!( TQ 77 SE 1324 TQ 77 SE 97 TQ 77 SE 1332 #* #*!( #*!( TQ 77 SE 1323 MKE83331 MKE84786 #* MKE83332 ") MKE83330 MKE83329 MKE83327 MKE97968 TQ 77 SE 1319 TQ 77 SE 32 TQ 77 SE 1322 TQ 77 SE 1323 TQ 77 SE 1261 ") GF!( TQ 77 SE 31 TQ 77 SE 1274 TQ 77 SE 1273 ") ") TQ 77 SE 1243!( TQ 77 SE 1327 TQ 77 SE 1331 ") TQ 77 SE 1263 TQ 77 SE 1323 TQ 77 SE 1324 TQ 77 SE 204 TQ 77 SE 104 ")!(!( TQ 77 SE 28 #* GF GF MKE79813 MKE71543 MKE83328 TQ 77 SE 24 Site Boundary Search Radius 1km Designated Heritage Assets: $+ Listed Building Non-Designated Heritage Assets: Areas of Archaeological Potential!!!!!! Hoo St Werburgh to Lodge Hill line of pillboxes Geology of archaeological potential Historic farmstead (within 75m of medieval structure) Pm & Md church Remains of Md & Pm moat Undated linear feature Undated linear feature & enclosure HER Record (Point) GF Find Spot!( Monument #* Farm ") Building HER Record (Line) Monument Cropmark HER Record (Polygon) Monument ± Scale at A3: 1:8, m TQ 77 SE 227 TQ 77 SE 1361 TQ 77 SE 227 TQ 77 SE 225!(!( #* $+ MKE84785 #* MKE83326 Figure 2a: HER Data Plot (Kent HER) Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL English Heritage Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right 2017 The Dataset contained in this material was obtained on

23 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 2b Events.mxd MP / EKE EKE9619 EKE10745 EKE10744 ") ") EKE10744 EKE10745 EKE13876 ") ") ") ") ") EKE10745 EKE10742 EKE10745 EKE10740 EKE10309 EKE15035 EKE10271 ") EKE11958 EKE11958 EKE8335 EKE14972 EKE11959 EKE11957 EKE11959 EWX6539 ") EKE10106 ") EKE10110 Site Boundary Search Radius 1km Previous Archaeological Work: ") HER Event (Point) HER Event (Line) HER Event (Polygon) Medway Valley Palaeolithic Project HIGH MEDIUM Search Radius also covered by the North Kent Coast Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey, Hoo Peninsula Historic Landscape Project & Hoo Peninsula Palaeoenvironmental Review ± Scale at A3: 1:8,000 ") EKE15661 EKE m Figure 2b: Event Data Plot (Kent HER) Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL English Heritage Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right 2017 The Dataset contained in this material was obtained on

24 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 3.mxd KP / Site Boundary LiDAR DATA Data Type: Resolution: DSM 2M [ Direction of Illumination ± Scale at A3: 1:1, m Figure 3: LiDAR Data Plot Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL English Heritage Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right 2017 The Dataset contained in this material was obtained on Contains public sector information licenced under the Open Government Licence v3.0

25 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 4.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:10, m Approximate Site Location ± Figure 4: 1769 Andrews, Dury & Herbert Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

26 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 5.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:3, m Site Boundary ± Figure 5: 1840 Hoo St Werburgh Tithe Map Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

27 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 6.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:5, m Site Boundary ± Figure 6: 1870 Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

28 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 7.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:5, m Site Boundary ± Figure 7: 1897 Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

29 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 8.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:5, m Site Boundary ± Figure 8: 1909 Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

30 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 9.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:5, m Site Boundary ± Figure 9: Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

31 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 10.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:5, m Site Boundary ± Figure 10: 1961 Ordnance Survey (1:10560) Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

32 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 11.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:3, m Site Boundary ± Figure 11: 1990 Google Earth Image Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

33 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 12.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:3, m Site Boundary ± Figure 12: 2003 Google Earth Image Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

34 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 13.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:3, m Site Boundary ± Figure 13: 2015 Google Earth Image Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

35 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 14.mxd KP / Scale at A4: 1:3, m Site Boundary ± Figure 14: Proposed Development Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL Contains OS data Crown copyright [and database right] 2017

36 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\Corel Plate 1: View facing north from south west corner of caravan park Plate 2: View of structures at southern end of caravan park

37 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\Corel Plate 3: View facing north from south east corner of caravan park Plate 4: View from entrance to eastern part of study site, facing north east

38 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\Corel Plate 5: View from entrance to eastern part of study site, facing east Plate 6: View from entrance to eastern part of study site, facing south east

39 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\Corel Plate 7: View facing east along northern boundary of caravan park Plate 8: View facing south through central area of caravan park

40 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\Corel Plate 9: View facing west along northern boundary of caravan park Plate 10: View of eastern side of caravan parkfacing south

41 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\Corel Plate 11: View of north east area of caravan park in likely location of pillbox Plate 12: View of eastern half of study site from southern boundary along Stoke Road, facing north west

42 N:\ \ Land north of Stoke Road, Hoo St Werburgh\Figures\Mapping\Corel Plate 13: View of eastern half of study site from south east corner, facing north west Plate 14: View of eastern half of study site from south east corner, facing north

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