ICZM and Coastal Monitoring Systems. The experience gained from BeachMed-e

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1 Observing System Requirements for Managing and Mitigating the Impacts of Human Activities and Coastal Inundation in the Mediterranean Region June 9-13, 2008, Athens, Greece BEACHMED e INTERREG IIIC Sud Strategic management of beach protection measures for the sustainable development of the Mediterranean coastal areas ICZM and Coastal Monitoring Systems. The experience gained from BeachMed-e Dr. Manos Koutrakis & George Sylaios National Agricultural Research Foundation Fisheries Research Institute Nea Peramos , Kavala, Greece manosk@inale.gr 1

2 BeachMed e Strategic management of beach protection measures for the sustainable development of Mediterranean coastal areas :// 2

3 BeachMed e e Sub-projects 2.1. Erosion Monitoring: Optimisation of Integrated Monitoring Techniques applied to Coastlines. Responsible: Toscana Region - Italy 2.2. Climate and Erosion: Characterisation of hydrometeorological conditions of coastlines, analysis of risks to coastlines, behaviour of protective measures. Responsible: Region of Languedoc-Roussillon Roussillon- France 2.3. Sandy Deposit Research: Search for submarine deposits in the Mediterranean area in order to establish possible masses of sand which can be used to nourish beaches suffering from erosion, and create guidelines for future research projects. Responsible: Emilia Romagna Region-Italy 2.4. European Environmental Protocol for Dredging and Beach Nourishment: Share, define and apply Protocol ENV 1 to dredging and beach nourishment initiatives using relict sand and specific tasks for the study of turbidity levels. Responsible: Lazio Region-Italy Coastal Zone: Recovery of coastal area and its territorial and urban management. nt. Evaluate risks and establish integrated plans for Mediterranean coastlines. Responsible: Liguria Region-Italy 3.2. ICZM: Concerted actions, tools and criteria for the implementation of Mediterranean Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Responsible: East Macedonia & Thrace Region-Greece Sedimentary Cycle: Management of sand deposits collected by coastal and river infrastructure. Recovery of sediment transport. Responsible: Generalitat Catalunya- Spain Natural Defense Systems: Interaction of sand and Posidonia Oceanica with the environment of natural dunes. Responsible: Region of Languedoc-Roussillon Roussillon- France 4.1. Regulations and Promotion of an European Observatory for the Defence of the Mediterranean Coast. Responsible: Crete Region-Greece. 3

4 3.2. ICZM-MED: MED: Integrated Coastal Zone Management Eight partners are taking part in the ICZM-MED MED subproject Aims to promote ICZM in pilot zones belonging to the five regions from the three Mediterranean countries (Greece( Greece, Italy and France) involved, and encourage the creation of an integrated management strategy on a Mediterranean and national level. Actions: outline pilot sites in detail, describe coastal evolution and how ICZM principles are to be applied,, explore percetion on coastal zone issues, assess parameters which show the status of the coasts as well as public policies, establish intervention criteria and recommend or make use of appropriate tools. Conclusions for all initiatives described above and good international practices, as well as conclusions for policies and experience gained in the regions being studied, contribute to regional and also national and Mediterranean ICZM strategy. 4

5 ICZM: Integrated Coastal Zone Management ICZM is a continuous process with the general aim of implementing sustainable development and maintaining diversity in Coastal Zones. The European coastal zones have problems which cannot be treated by individual countries separately, while the EU policies influence the evolution of the coastal zones. In 2000, based on the outputs of a Demonstration Programme,, the EC adopted a Communication on "ICZM: A Strategy for Europe" (COM/00/547), /547), in 2002 a Proposal and a Recommendation were issued by the Parliament and the European Council that outline steps which the Member States should take to develop national strategies for ICZM (COM/00/545, 2002/413/CE). The Mediterranean area plays a pivotal role within the definition of regional strategies for ICZM. To address this issue, the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) was adopted in the framework of the Barcelona Convention (1995): Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean and the Regional Activity Centre for the Priority Actions Programme (PAP/RAC) was created. ICZM was one of the priorities. 5

6 The PAP/RAC Centre was working on the ICZM Protocol for the Mediterranean,, since 2001, which was finally adopted from all Mediterranean countries in Madrid in January 21th ICZM ICZM Protocol signed - What next? ICZM Protocol in the Mediterranean 6

7 ICZM Protocol in the Mediterranean Structure of the Protocol Part I: I General Provisions Article 1: General Obligations Article 2: Definitions (e.g. coastal zone, IZCM) Article 3: Geographical Coverage (seaward-landward) Article 4: Preservation of Rights Article 5: Objectives of ICZMI Article 6: General Principles of ICZM Article 7: Co-ordination ordination (e.g. institutional, between authorities; coherence, effectiveness) 7

8 ICZM Protocol in the Mediterranean Structure of the Protocol Part II: Elements of Integrated Coastal Zone Management Article 8: Protection and Sustainable Use of the Coastal Zone (setback zone of 100m no construction allowed; exceptions) Article 9: Economic Activities (incl. fishing, aquaculture) Article 10: Specific Coastal Ecosystems Article 11: Coastal Landscapes Article 12: Islands Article 13: Cultural Heritage Article 14: Participation Article 15: Awareness-raising, raising, Training, Education and Research 8

9 ICZM Protocol in the Mediterranean Structure of the Protocol Part III:Instruments for ICZM Article 16: Monitoring and Observation Mechanisms -Networks Article 17: Mediterranean Strategy for ICZM Article 18: National Coastal Strategies, Plans and Programmes Article 19: Environmental Assessment Article 20: Land Policy Article 21: Economic, Financial and Fiscal Instruments Part IV: Risks Affecting the Coastal Zone Article 22: Natural Hazards (natural disasters, climate change) Article 23: Coastal Erosion (measures to maintain/restore, negative effects of works on c.e., minimise existing effects, etc.) Article 24: Response to Natural Disasters 9

10 ICZM Protocol in the Mediterranean Structure of the Protocol Part V:International V Cooperation Article 25: Training and Research Article 26: Scientific and Technical Assistance Article 27: Exchange of Information and Activities of Common Interest Article 28: Transboundary Cooperation Article 29: Transboundary Environmental Assessment Part VI: Institutional Provisions (Articles 30-33) 33) Part VII: Final Provisions (Articles 30-33) 33) 10

11 Organization Chart for 3.2 ICZM-MED MED Target Groups Data Collection Beach Visitors Beach Economic Evaluation (use, option, non-use values) Inputs from other BeachMed-e Projects ICZM Perception Coast Erosion Perception Data Elaboration Coast Defense Perception Stakeholders ICZM Indicators Dissemination of the Results Coastal Zone Mapping (GIS) Decision Supporting Tools Regional ICZM planning ICZM Protocol for Mediterranean Inputs from other Projects 11

12 ICZM Coastal erosion Defence systems perception Public Stakeholders Survey 12

13 Public Stakeholders Survey Questionnaires with common questions Common questionnaires were created for all partners and addressed to local and Regional stakeholders. Different aspects of the beach management in the pilot sites of the countries involved, such as Coastal Zone and ICZM perception, Coastal Erosion perception, Coastal defence systems, Economic evaluation of benefits about beach management, were investigated. In total 230 questionnaires were completed by face to face interviews. 13

14 Integration of Stakeholders survey results (1) In relation to awareness of ICZM and beach management results indicate that there is an obvious gradient from Greece to Italy and France. The approach of stakeholders in the Region of East Macedonia and Thrace showed that the issue of management is in the exploratory phases. Thus, lack of awareness about the institutional and political frameworks which support management issues seems to be greater in less developed coastal strips (e.g. Nestos Delta, Greece). Responses also illustrate that the more informed and developed (in a land use perspective) sites are now more demanding instead of satisfied. Awareness of ICZM Definitions of ICZM Figure 1: Spatial distribution of responses related to general awareness on ICZM (Question 2b. Please give definition of 14ICZM).

15 Integration of Stakeholders survey results (2) The willingness of the stakeholders to receive more attention (as in participation) is clearly expressed in relation to the need to more participatory methods. In relation to assignment of responsibility the stakeholders in the Region of East Macedonia and Thrace show high interest in participation, whereas saturating areas seem sceptical by asking public institutions to take responsibility and provide solutions. This trend is also implied in responses to Which other stakeholders (institutional and not) could possibly take part in the CZM? (Fig. 3). The stakeholders in the Regions of East Macedonia & Thrace, Liguria and Emilia Romagna are claiming more stakeholding from non institutional framework, in contrast with the stakeholders of Lazio and Languedoc- Roussilion. Stakeholders participation in ICZM Figure 3: Responses to question Which other stakeholders (institutional and not), in your opinion could possibly take 15 part in the Coastal Zone Management?

16 Integration of Stakeholders survey results (3) Coastal erosion problems awareness The responses to the awareness about coastal erosion problems are obviously highly dependant on the beach state (Fig. 4). It appears from replies that the low lying coasts at Nestos Delta are natural and not suffering from visible erosion whereas the various measures taken at Italy (Regions Lazio and Liguria) and France (Region Languedoc-Roussillon) led to a well informed stakeholder who has a concrete opinion on the issue. Figure 2: Beach profile turning reflective (and erosive). Note the proximity of wave breakers to shoreline and the well developed cusps. Figure 4: Spatial distribution of responses related to awareness 16 of effects of erosion (Question 16. Do you think that Coastal erosion has affected professionals in the area (i.e. tourism)?).

17 Integration of Stakeholders survey results (4) The simple question Do you know the different Coastal Defense systems that can be applied in your area? yields predictable positive responses from all sites apart from Region of East Macedonia and Thrace. Soft protection measures are preferred generally (Fig. 5). It appears that some pollution issues at sites where hard structures have been put in place in the past (Region Emilia Romagna) influence the responses. Moreover the stakeholders of East Macedonia and Thrace are showing believe in the promises that protection brings. On the other hand sites where significant resources have been put in place for such measures with limited success are sceptical, which is the case of the Lazio Region. Coastal defence system awareness Figure 5: Spatial distribution of preferences on coastal protection types (Question 20 Please chose which type of coastal protection 17 would you suggest?)

18 ICZM Coastal erosion Defence systems perception Beach Users Survey 18

19 Beach users and visitors Survey Common questionnaires were created for all partners and addressed to beach users of the coastal zones and the beaches. Different aspects of the beach management in the pilot sites of the countries involved, such as Coastal Zone and ICZM perception, Wiligness for voluntary contribution, were investigated. In total 1462 questionnaires were completed in the 5 regions involved. Maggana Beach, Keramoti, Nestos Delta Conducting an Interview 19

20 Integration of Beach Users survey results (1) The level of awareness on generic Coastal Zone Management is rather low (except in Riccione Southern beach, Region Emilia Romagna) in regions where further was expected (such as Region Languedoc-Roussillon) (Fig. 6). Beach users have commonly an understanding of management, which is naturally biased towards improving their experience (from a tourism and recreational standpoint) and the need for further facilities for better use of the beach. Awareness of ICZM Figure 6. Spatial distribution of responses in relation to awareness of 20 ICZM (Question 2a. Do you know what ICZM is?)

21 Integration of Beach Users survey results (2) As for Coastal Erosion it appears significant that users respond very positively to definitions and awareness of the process in their coastal system. The response to Have you ever noticed any problem linked to coastal erosion problem in this area? show that an even spread of low awareness for Nestos Delta and Riviera del Beigua in Region Liguria, where users seem misinformed (Fig. 7). It could be interpreted that users know about beach erosion on a theoretical level but fail to recognize the effects and symptoms on the beach. This phenomenon could be remediated by local authorities or stakeholders who could rise awareness to promote better and responsible use. Coastal erosion awareness Figure 7. Distribution in relation to awareness problem linked to coastal erosion in the area (Have you ever noticed any problem linked to coastal erosion problem in this area?) 21

22 Integration of Beach Users survey results (3) Coastal defence awareness Responses in relation to coastal defences (Fig. 8) preferred or known, a factor that significantly influences results could be related to the beach type (natural versus urban) and also state (reflective to dissipative). It seems apparent that coastal defences are unnecessary or that no acute erosion problems are perceived all along from Greece (Nestos Delta, Region of East Macedonia & Thrace), Italy (Riccione Southern beach, Region Emilia Romagna Tarquinia beach, Regio Lazio and Riviera del Beigua, Region Liguria) and France (Region Languedoc-Roussillon) since they have chosen the soft structures. Costs of defences are perceived as high. However, the contrast between a site that has seen benefits from the use of defences (Tarquinia beach, Region Lazio) and an unspoilt natural area with no perception of severe erosion (Nestos Delta, Greece) is significant. 22 Figure 8: Photos of the coastal defence systems were shown to the interviewees.

23 Integration of Beach Users survey results (4) Voluntary Contribution for the coastal protection As for Willingness to Pay, there may be interpreted some sort of agreement towards the recognition of the need to fund the management of beaches. Users in Region of East Macedonia and Thrace appears to be well focus on how much should be spent (over 76% point to 1.5 to 3.0 ). Sites with experience in costing shoreline management appear to be unwilling to pay any more (Tarquinia beach, Region Lazio and Riviera del Beigua, Region Liguria). Users in Regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Lazio show more demanding position on public sector to participate and fund the process (Fig. 9). Figure 9: Responses related to payment from users for shoreline protection (Question 12. According to you, which kind payment 23 could involve users participation to protect beaches?)

24 From the survey to concrete proposals for ICZM: the Ligurian case PARTICIPATORY MEETING with Ligurian Coastal Institutional Stakeholders for improving the implementation of ICZM at the regional level RESULTS: Concerted framework of the state of the art of ICZM in Liguria SWOT analysis Analytical framework for evaluating project options for ICZM in Liguria Evaluation of ongoing and possible future measures for ICZM and Coastal Defence in Liguria (multicriteria approach) THE LIGURIAN LIST OF PRIORITIES Regional protocol for coastal dynamic survey and monitoring, integrated with a plan for the exploitation of avalilable deposits of nourishment material. Institution of a regional ICZM Board and/or periodic Technical Boards on coastal issues. Update of the Regional Coastal Plan, including economical analysis of the coastal zone. 24

25 Tools towards ICZM implementation: Public Awareness 25

26 Coast Day Coast Day (OCTOBER 24 th ) is the central event of the awareness raising campaign on the value of the coasts and on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and a way to promote the sustainable development on our coasts. The initiative aims to raise concerns about the threats to which the coastal areas are exposed to. * The campaign is implemented within the framework of the SMAP III MAP/METAP project, financed by the EU and carried on by PAP/RAC of UNEP-MAP. 26

27 TV advert for the promotion of Coast Day In the 60-second advert through the eyes of a child, the advert takes us on a journey to a coastal future in which we have failed to tackle the worst problems of pollution, development and climate change. But the message is one of hope as we are brought back to a vision of the sustainable coast we want and can achieve. 27

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29 Activities in Kavala 29

30 Tools towards ICZM implementation: Coastal Monitoring System Characterisation of 2.2. NAUSICAA of hydrometeorological conditions of coastlines, analysis of risks to coastlines, behaviour of protective measures Scientific Responsible: Georgios Sylaios Collaborators: Prinos Panagiotis, Samaras Achilleas 30

31 WAVES CURRENTS: Main Factors determining Coastal Erosion Coastal waves and currents interact continuously with the coastline damaging coastal infrastructure, changing coastal topography and profiles thus causing sediment transport and coastal erosion. 31

32 Coastal Monitoring System Winds Waves Currents Water Column Dynamics Model Application SWAN REF/DIF ELCOM Coastal Wave Climate Database for Wave Atlas 32

33 Study Area Coastline comparison using 1982 and 2001 satellite images 33

34 Erosion Deposition Areas Determination along the Coastline Total Area Erosion = 1.16 km 2 Deposition = 0.22 km 2 Erosion Deposition Erosion or Deposition area (km 2 ) Coastline Segments (km) 34

35 Deployment of Continuous Waves and Currents Monitoring System TRITON Station OBS ADCP Bottom mounted 35

36 TRITON STATION CHARACTERISTICS ADCP Sentinel 300 KHz (TRDI) for the monitoring of : Directional waves Directional currents throughout the water column Tidal variability Bottom water temperature and salinity variability Turbidity OBS 3A sensor including Pressure sensor Conductivity sensor Temperature sensor 36

37 Wave Characteristics Measurements 37

38 Wave Characteristics Measurements 38

39 Water Column Currents Measurements 39

40 Water Column Currents Measurements 40

41 Harmonic Analysis and Non-tidal Level Variability 41

42 Wave Modeling using REF/DIF Distribution of wave heights and directions of wave propagation for a southern swell. Bottom orbital velocity distribution and directions of wave propagation under a southern swell. 42

43 Wave Modeling using SWAN 43

44 Common problems in the Mediterranean Regions Lack of collaboration among stakeholders Weak coordination among stakeholders Weak integration of experiences, Lack of information exchange between stakeholders Low participation in the decision making Low public awareness on ICZM Lack of knowledge on erosion in some regions. Proposals for future Monitoring of the implementation of the Protocol on Mediterranean ICZM. Regional ICZM committee/agency/forum? Establishing mechanisms and tools for integration, participation, etc. Regional Clearing house Coastal Agenda 21 Training, workshops, online training, conferences Awareness campaigns, open doors, public exhibitions. 44

45 Efharisto! Thank you! Merci! Grazie! Gracias! 45