Preferred citation style. Schüssler, N. (2009) Challenges of route choice models derived from GPS, Workshop on Discrete Choice Models, EPF
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1 Preferred citation style Schüssler, N. (2009) Challenges of route choice models derived from GPS, Workshop on Discrete Choice Models, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, August 2009.
2 Challenges of route choice models derived from GPS observations Nadine Schüssler IVT ETH Zürich August 2009
3 Motivation & Objectives GPS data offers more accurate and reliable information about: Chosen routes Times Participant burden can be reduced substantially But extensive data processing is required to derive suitable input data for route choice modelling: Derivation of modes and trips (Schüssler and Axhausen, forthcoming) Identification of chosen routes (Schüssler and Axhausen, 2009) Choice set generation 3
4 Choice set generation Choice set generation for 500 car trips on the Swiss Navtec network (408,636 nodes and 882,120 unidirectional links) Choice set generation procedures tested: Random Walk (Frejinger, 2007) Branch & Bound (Prato and Bekhor, 2006) Stochastic Choice Set Generation (SCSG) Breadth First Search on Link Elimination (BFS-LE) Detailed description in Schüssler, Balmer and Axhausen (2009) 4
5 The Breadth First Search on Link Elimination 5
6 BFS-LE performance optimisation Two approaches for performance optimisation 1. Randomly shuffle the processing order in each tree-level 2. Toplologically equivalent network reduction 6
7 Computational Performance BFS-LE(P02) SCSG 7
8 Choice set structure (1) Chosen route reproduction (choice set size 100) BFS-LE: 73% SCSG: 75% Distribution of road types Distace travelled on SCSG BFS-LE Chosen routes Motorway 16% 17% 12% Extra-urban main roads 18% 18% 16% Urban main roads 34% 35% 36% Local roads 32% 31% 36% 8
9 Choice set structure (2) BFS-LE(P02) SCSG 9
10 Model estimations: setup Model estimations for 1500 OD pairs; SCSG and BFS-LE; 20, 60 and 100 alternatives Testing the influence of Travel time, road types, Sampling Correction (Bovy et al., 2009) Treatment of route overlap Path Size (Ben-Akiva and Bierlaire, 1999) Path Size Correction (Bovy et al., 2008) Commonality Factor (Cascetta et al., 1996) Road type specific Path Size factor (based on Hoogendoorn- Lanser and Bovy (2007)) Subnetworks (Frejinger and Bierlaire, 2007) 10
11 Sampling Correction (SC) and Path Size Correction (PSC) Sampling Correction where Q in = SC j in f = ln Q in in PSin exp PS exp C n jn ( c / b ) in ( c / b) jn Path Size Correction PSC in = a Γ i l L a i ln j C n δ aj 11
12 The road type specific Path Size Formulation 1: RTPS1 irn = 1 L ir a Γ ir l N a na Formulation 2: RTPS2 irn = 1 L i a Γ ir l N a na 12
13 Model results: Basic model Sampling Correction for SCSG models highly significant and considerably improves model fit Road type and travel times B20 B60 B100 S20 S60 S100 Travel time motorway * * Travel time extra-urban * * * Travel time urban main Travel time local road Percentage MW * Percentage UM 0.04 * 0.04 * 0.29 * Percentage LR * Sampling Correction Adj. rho quare
14 Model results: Similarity Factors B100 S100 Value Adj rho 2 Value Adj rho 2 PS PSC CF RTPS1 motorway RTPS1 extra-urban * RTPS1 urban main RTPS1 local road * RTPS2 motorway RTPS2 extra-urban * RTPS2 urban main RTPS2 local road σ_subnetwork * 0.272
15 Influence of similarity factors on travel time parameters B100 S100 Travel time motorway Travel time extra-urban Travel time urban main Travel time local road Percentage MW * 3.15 * 5.48 * Percentage UM 0.46 * 0.77 * * * 5.08 * Percentage LR * 5.15 * 6.31 * PS PSC RTPS1 motorway * RTPS1 extra-urban * RTPS1 urban main RTPS1 local road 0.07 * 0.41 Sampling Correction Adj. rho quare
16 Outlook Reduction of the choice set size and comparison to the generated choice sets of the corresponding size Randomly Similarity-based Rule-based Panel effects Subnetwork combined with similarity factors Transformations of the similarity parameters (e.g. BoxCox) Test the network-free approach by BierlaireFrejinger (2008) 16
17 References (1) Ben-Akiva, M. E. and M. Bierlaire (1999) Discrete choice methods and their applications to short-term travel decisions, in R. Hall (ed.) Handbook of Transportation Science, chap. 2, 5 34, Kluwer, Dordrecht. Bierlaire, M. and E. Frejinger (2008) Route choice modeling with network-free data, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 16 (2) Bierlaire, M., E. Frejinger and J. Stojanovic (2006) A latent route choice model in Switzerland, paper presented at European Transport Conference, Strasbourg, September Bovy, P. H. L., S. Bekhor and C. G. Prato (2008) The factor of revisited path size: Alternative derivation, Transportation Research Record, 2076, Bovy, P. H. L., S. Bekhor and C. G. Prato (2009) Route sampling correction for stochastic route choice set generation, paper presented at the 88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., Jan, Oliver
18 References (2) Cascetta, E., A. Nuzzola, F. Russo and A. Vitetta (1996) A modified logit route choice model overcoming path overlapping problems: Specification and some calibration results for interurban networks, in J. B. Lesort (ed.) Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, , Pergamon, Oxford. Frejinger, E. (2007) Random sampling of alternatives in a route choice context, paper presented at European Transport Conference, Leeuwenhorst, October Frejinger, E. and M. Bierlaire (2007) Capturing correlation with subnetworks in route choice models, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 41 (3) Hoogendoorn-Lanser, S. and P. H. L. Bovy (2007) Modeling overlap in multi-modal route choice by inclusion of trip part specific path size factors, Transportation Research Record, 2003,
19 References (3) Marchal, F., J. K. Hackney and K. W. Axhausen (2005) Efficient map matching of large Global Positioning System data sets: Tests on speedmonitoring experiment in Zurich, Transportation Research Record, 1935, Prato, C.G. and S. Bekhor (2006) Applying branch-and-bound technique to route choice set generation, Transportation Research Record, 1985, Schüssler, N. and K. W. Axhausen (2009) Efficient map-matching of GPS points on highresolution navigation networks, Working Paper, 568, IVT, ETH Zurich, Zurich. Schüssler, N. and K. W. Axhausen (forthcoming) Processing GPS raw data without additional information, Transportation Research Record. Schüssler, N., M. Balmer and K. W. Axhausen (2009) Route choice sets for very highresolution data, Working Paper, 567, IVT, ETH Zurich, Zurich. 19
20 Appendix
21 Commonality Factor and Path Size Commonality Factor CF in = β 0 ln j C n L L i ij L j γ Path Size PS in = a Γ i la L i k C n δ 1 ak L * C L k n
22 Subnetworks A continuous sequence of links that are easily identifiable and behaviorally relevant is defined as a subnetwork Here: The Motorway network Utility function where U in = f (,xin ) β + η δ + ν imw η n is a normal distributed coefficient with zero mean δ imw = 1 if alternative i used the motorway and δ imw = 0 otherwise ν in is an i.i.d. Gumbel distributed error term n in
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