The Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory

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1 The Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory Andreas Görgen Department of Physics, University of Oslo ENSAF Workshop, Seville, Oct , 2016

2 The Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory located on the Blindern campus of the University of Oslo, in the basement of the Physics Department

3 Department of Physics at the University of Oslo The Department of Physics in figures (2016): 206 scientific employees 52 permanent staff 23 associated researchers 88 temporary staff 43 technical/administrative staff 453 BSc students 128 MSc students 108 PhD students 361 scientific publications (2015) 217 MNOK total budget 80 MNOK external funding Organized in 10 research sections Biophysics and medical physics Electronics Semiconductor physics High-energy particle physics Nuclear and energy physics Condensed matter physics Plasma and space physics Physics education Structure physics / Nanotechnology Theoretical physics Instrument / mechanical workshop Electronics workshop

4 Scanditronix MC35 Cyclotron built in 1978 by Scanditronix, Uppsala, Sweden first beam: 1979 presentation by Jan Müller tomorrow

5 Operation Engineers / operators: 3.5 FTE Salaries and basic infrastructure (electricity...) covered by the Department of Physics Annual budget for investments / repairs: ~ 400 knok Cyclotron operators available during work hours on weekdays Experimenters operate cyclotron during evening/night/weekend shifts typical operation: ~2000 h/a Maintenance shutdown summer/christmas demand for beam time is increasing Internal PAC: Faculty members from Nuclear Physics Section contact: andreas.gorgen@fys.uio.no

6 Users: internal: Nuclear Physics High-energy Physics Electronics Biophysics Department of Chemistry Nuclear Physics Group: 3 faculty 6 researchers / postdocs 6 PhD students 4 MSc students 3 associated faculty (20%) several PhD/MSc students from external collaborators external: ithemba Labs, South Africa Lawrence Livermore National Lab, USA UC Berkeley, USA INP Orsay, France CEA Saclay, France CENBG Bordeaux, France HZDR Rossendorf, Germany TU Darmstadt, Germany IKP Köln, Germany ANU Canberra, Australia ATOMKI Debrecen, Hungary Ohio University, USA... collaborators welcome!

7 The Scanditronix Club Collaboration of (mostly medical) facilities with Scanditronix Cyclotrons Scanditronix Cyclotrons are no longer supported by IBA, which acquired Scanditronix Medical AB in 1998 we try to help each other Rigshospital Copenhagen Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory University of Birmingham Skåne University Hospital Lund Max-Planck-Institut für neurologische Forschung Köln Medizinische Hochschule Hannover EC JRC Ispra (decommissioned 2014) University Medical Center Groningen NCSR Demokritos Athens exchange of expertise exchange of spare parts maintain knowledge! Regular meetings Recent meetings: Heidelberg 2011 Oslo 2013 Birmingham 2014 Heidelberg 2016 Copenhagen 2017

8 Layout of the laboratory 3 target stations in experimental hall good energy resolution low background ESS Materials testing Cell irradiation 3 target stations in cyclotron vault high intensity Nuclear physics research with CACTUS/OSCAR Sunniva s presentation tomorrow

9 Layout of the laboratory ESS Materials testing Cell irradiation

10 Radiation biology research project related to proton therapy relative biological effectiveness of protons in Bragg peak not well known irradiation of human brain cancer cells with protons importance of precise dosimetry cell holder (37 C) Ionization chamber absolute dosimetry beam window transmission counter for beam monitoring

11 adjust beam energy and flight path in air to place cells in Bragg peak verify with ionization chamber Overlevelse Protonbestråling april 2016 P4 Foran Bak LQ, Foran LQ, Bak Dose (Gy) 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0, ,5 1 1,5 Depth (mm) Overlevelse 1 0,1 survival rate of glioblastom cells A.M. Rykkelid MSc Thesis, Univ. Oslo N.F.J. Edin, E. Malinen et al. careful beam tuning na protons, MeV homegeneous beam profile verify with optical film (density of tracks under microscope) 0,01 1E Dose (Gy)

12 Radiation hardnesstests ALICE TPC 216 readout control units 4356 front-end cards channels reliability risk due to radiation single-event upsets SRAM-based FPGA Drain N+ Gate Source N+ P substrate

13 29 MeV protons, ~10 pa calibration using thin-film breakdown counter scintillator to monitor beam stability device alignment with laser ~5 um FIB image of device result for configuration memory of the RCU main FPGA: Ketil Røed, PhD Thesis Univ. Bergen 2009

14 Layout of the laboratory ESS Materials testing Cell irradiation

15 Material testing for ESS beam profile monitor reliably measure / monitor profile of 5 MW beam on target over years degradation of light yield extreme radiation environment transport light out of radiation zone 8 curved and 3 flat mirrors thin layer (~100 µm) of thermal sprayed scintillating powder to cover beam window

16 Experience from SNS/ORNL (1.4 MW) Plasma coating at University West, Trollhättan, Sweden SNS rapid decrease in luminesence with irradiation temperature variations ESS: 5 MW beam power find better material than chromox (Al 2 O 3 :Cr)

17 Test setup at OCL 16 MeV proton beam in air up to 5 µa sprayed Yttria, 500 na protons, 100 ms exposure time plasma-sprayed Al 2 O 3 :Cr coatings HV5, HV7, HV9 100 na protons, 10 ms exposure time, room temp. luminescence and wave length of Al 2 O 3 :Cr as function of surface temperature

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19 Layout of the laboratory ESS Materials testing target station in negativepressure enclosure Production of 18 F for University Hospital in the past production of 11 C for R&D in the past Since 2006 production at Medical Cyclotron Centre OCL as backup for Hospital Target station for production of 211 At strong activity in the past new project started this year

20 211 At for cancer therapy class C lab at OCL class B lab at Department of Chemistry convenient half-life α emission with each decay Po K x-rays permit imaging production of 211 At at OCL radiochemical processing and labelling OCL and Dept. of Chemistry radiopharmaceutical modelling bio- and medical physics group drug characterization and animal testing University Hospital

21 Development of an internal target for 211 At production expected gain in beam intensity: >5 target magazine pneumatic delivery to glove box probe for beam tuning moving into cyclotron ball magazine

22 The Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory small university laboratory limited resources ambitious research program in nuclear physics interdisciplinary research projects we welcome new collaborators Thanks to: Eirik Malinen, Anne-Marit Rykkelid, Håvard Gjersdal, Martin Jäkel, Ketil Røed, Bent Schoultz, Tuva Christoffersen