Study of scintillation stability in KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl irradiated by various-energy protons
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1 Study of scintillation stability in KBr, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and CsI:Tl irradiated by various-energy protons Ling-Ying Lin National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, U.S.A. Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 1
2 Motivation Camera CsI:Tl Ion beam Scintillator screen CaF2:Eu YAG:Ce Under HH 22 + irradiation: 1500 kev, 125 pa Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 2
3 Motivation YAG:Ce under HHHH + irradiation: 58 kev, 394 pa 1 Scintillation degradation Normalized scintillation intensity Irradiation time (s) ReF: L. Y. Lin et al., Scintillation degradation of YAG: Ce under low-energy ion bombardment, JINST 6 P07010 (2013). The irradiation experiments in the rare isotope ReAccelerator (ReA) facility of NSCL : A variety of materials: CsI:Tl CaF2:Eu YAG:Ce (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce) KBr A wide range of irradiation energies: 600 kev/u 1010 kev/u 1500 kev/u 2150 kev/u Low irradiation intensity: < 400 pa Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 3
4 Experimental Setup stable source H2+ Low Energy Beam Transport RFQ SRF linac Scintillator Target Chamber ReA experimental area Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 4
5 CsI:Tl Scintillation Response Light Yield VS. Irradiation Time Beam current Light output per pa per sec 9 x kev/u 1500 kev/u 1010 kev/u 600 kev/u Irradiation time (sec) 90 pa 125 pa 150 pa 175 pa Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 5
6 YAG:Ce Scintillation Response 7 x 105 Light Yield VS. Irradiation Time Beam current Light output per pa per sec kev/u 1500 kev/u 1010 kev/u 600 kev/u 90 pa 125 pa 240 pa Irradiation time (sec) 380 pa Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 6
7 CaF2:Eu Scintillation Response Light Yield VS. Irradiation Time Beam current Light output per pa per sec x Irradiation time (sec) 2150 kev/u 2150 kev/u After break 1500 kev/u 1010 kev/u 600 kev/u 20 pa 125 pa 240 pa 295 pa Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 7
8 CaF2:Eu Scintillation Response Light Yield VS. Particle dose ( iiiiiiii mmmm 22 ) Normalized light output per pa per sec kev/u 1500 kev/u 1010 kev/u 600 kev/u Particle dose (mm - 2) x Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 8
9 CaF2:Eu Scintillation Response Possible radiation damges of CaF2: Eu at room temperature Interstitial F Eu 2+ Eu 3+ Beam irradiation F Ca 2+ Eu 2+ Interstitial F Eu 3+ Eu 2+ Eu 3+ Broad emission at ~425 nm Sharp emission lines at 574, 612, 626 nm, Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 9
10 KBr Scintillation Response Light Yield VS. Irradiation Time Beam current Light output per pa per sec Irradiation time (sec) 2150 kev/u 1010 kev/u 600 kev/u 221 pa 254 pa 370 pa Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 10
11 KBr Scintillation Response Light Yield VS. Particle dose ( iiiiiiii mmmm 22 ) Normalized light output per pa per sec x Particle dose (mm - 2) 2150 kev/u 1010 kev/u 600 kev/u The KBr sample after ion irradiation. Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 11
12 KBr Scintillation Response Possible luminescence mechanism of KBr at room temperature Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 12
13 Scintillation Yield comparison 10 8 light output per pa per sec CsI:Tl CaF2:Eu YAG:Ce KBr YAG:Ce CsI:Tl CaF2:Eu KBr beam energy (kev/u) CsI:Tl and YAG:Ce CaF2:Eu KBr Average luminescence during irradiation Average luminescence after it maintains stable scintillation Maximum luminescence Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 13
14 Scintillation Response at low and high beam energies YAG:Ce under HH 22 + irradiation CaF2:Eu under HH 22 + irradiation Normalized light output kev/u 600 kev/u Normalized light output kev/u 600 kev/u x Particle dose (mm - 2) x Particle dose (mm - 2) 25 kev/u data were measured by C. Benatti and G. Perdikakis in the low energy beam transport section of the ReA facility. Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 14
15 Scintillation Response at low and high beam energies SRIM simulation for YAG under proton irradiation 600 kev/u The production The production of the scintillation photons photons The production of the defects. 25 kev/u Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 15
16 Beam Width Comparison HH 22 + irradiation at the beam energy 2150 kev/u and current 12 pa vertical pixel vertical pixel vertical pixel CsI:Tl horizontal pixel CaF2:Eu horizontal pixel YAG:Ce horizontal pixel x index(indensity) The vertical cross section profile position (mm) CaF2:Eu CsI:Tl YAG:Ce Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 16
17 Beam Width Comparison beam width 1-sigma (mm) beam width 1-sigma (mm) curve(1) HH 22 +, 2150 kev/u, 12 pa beam irradiation time (second) HH 22 +, 600 kev/u, 380 pa curve(3) curve(2) beam irradiation time (second) CaF2:Eu CsI:Tl YAG:Ce KBr YAG:Ce index(indensity) the vertical cross section profile on KBr 4 sec 82 sec 2527 sec curve(2) curve(1) curve(3) vertical pixel (1 pixel length=0.0815mm) The beam width (1-σσ): HH 22 +, 600 kev/u, 380 pa curve(1) curve(2) curve(3) mm mm mm Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 17
18 Conclusions Under HH 2 + irradiation at the beam energies of kev/u and beam current of less than 400 pa: Light Yield Light Yield VS. ion energy Scintillation stability CsI:Tl CaF2:Eu YAG:Ce KBr Stable CsI:Tl > CaF2:Eu > YAG:Ce > KBr Linear After an initical rapid decay, it becomes stable Stable Unstable Beam width Almost consistent and stable during irradiation Unstable Under low-energy ion bombardment, ion-induced defects are highly efficient to degrade transparency of scintillation photons inside an irradiated scintillator. Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 18
19 Thank you Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 19
20 (Eu2+) (Eu3+) Ling-Ying Lin, 9/17/2014, Slide 20
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