Physicochemical Properties of Malaysian Commercial Chicken Sausages

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1 ntrntinl urnl Pultry Sin 9 (10): , 2010 SSN sin Ntwrk r Sintii nrmtin, 2010 Physihmil Prprtis Mlysin mmril hikn Suss Nurul u, Lim Wi, listir T.L. n n shmri smil ish n Mt Prssin Lrtry, Thnly Prrmm, Shl nustril Thnly, Univrsiti Sins Mlysi, 11800, Minn, Pulu Pinn, Mlysi strt: Sus is min mr ppulr t th Mlysin nsumrs. stuy n qulity hrtristis r hikn suss mrkt in Mlysi ws nut t u th trn mrkt suss ty. ttl tn smpls hikn suss rm irnt rns wr nlyz t trmin th prximt mpsitin, lium n sium ntnts, lur, lin tst n txturl prprtis (hrnss, sprininss, hsivnss, umminss, hwinss n shr r). Th mistur, prtin, t n sh ntnts r hikn suss wr siniintly irnt, in th rn %, %, % n %, rsptivly. Th rn rhyrt ntnt ws %. Th lium n sium ntnts wr vri in hikn suss. Th lihtnss vlu (L*) sus ws siniintly irnt mn th smpls in th rn ll hikn suss smpls tst in this stuy shw l strnth with thir lin tst t mr thn 4.0. Th hrnss, sprininss, hsivnss, umminss, hwinss n shr r rn twn k, mm, rti, k, k.mm n k, rsptivly. Th rsults this nlysis shw tht suss pru y irnt mnuturrs will vri siniintly in qulity n physihmil prprtis. Ky wrs: mmril suss, prximt mpsitin, lium ntnt, sium ntnt, txturl prprtis, lur NTROUTON Suss r n th ppulr wstrn styl mts pruts mnst th Mlysin nsumrs. Suss hv in ppulrity in Mlysi tr in intru in 1963 y th &W st- rsturnt (ji t l., 1998). mmril suss pru in Mlysi, mstly in rzn rm, r nrlly m rm hikn, n ish. sis tn s mintin with uns, suss r ls tn s mixtur in irnt kins ily sup r rvy. Suss (rnkurtrs) r ls milir s n th ry-t-t rkst mnu itms mn shlhilrn. n th rlir ys, hikn suss prutin riint MTRLS N MTOS Smplin: Tn mmril hikn suss (-) rm irnt rns r mnuturrs wr llt rm suprmrkts lt in Pnn, in th nrthrn prt pninsulr Mlysi. Tw pkts h rn wr rm smll mily-s ntrpriss. wvr, pik rnmly n ruht t th lrtry r inrsin mn r hikn suss pruts in nlysis. Th suss wr prpr y thwin t rnt yr hv hn hikn sus rm tmprtur r ut 4 h n ht in ilin mnuturin int lr-sl prutin. Mny wtr r 5 min. tris hv n stlish in Mlysi t inrs utput n t ulil th inrsin mn r hikn suss in th untry. Mlysi hs n th hihst pr pit nsumptin rts in th wrl r pultry mt n hikn is th mst ppulr pultry mt n ntriut ut 95% pultry mt nsumptin. Pr pit nsumptin pultry mt is rprt t k in 1999 n inrs t k in 2008 (MO, 2009). Smll munt thr pultry mt suh s uk n quil mt r ls nsum mn Mlysins n hs shwn inrsin ppulrity. This stuy ws nut t trmin th qulity hrtristis ssit with hikn suss vill in th Mlysin mrkts t prsnt. Ths t ul us s rrns r ttr unrstnin th qulity hrtristis hikn sus pruts pru y ll mnuturrs. Prximt nlysis: Mistur, prtin, t n sh ntnts wr trmin in rn with stnr O mths (O, 2000). Prtin trmintin invlv Kjlhl ssy (Nx6.25). t ws trmin y xtrtin smpls in Sxhlt pprtus usin ptrlum thr s slvnt. Mistur ws quntii y vn-ryin 10 smpls t 100 vrniht. sh ws trmin tr ininrtin in urn t 500 n rhyrt ntnt ws lult y mputin th rrspnin uthr: Nurul u, ish n Mt Prssin Lrtry, Thnly Prrmm, Shl nustril Thnly, Univrsiti Sins Mlysi, 11800, Minn, Pulu Pinn, Mlysi 954

2 nt.. Pult. Si., 9 (10): , 2010 irn. r lium n sium ntnts umminss (k): Th r nssry r isintrt trmintin, th smpls wr ist in 30% 2O2 smisli smpl r swllwin (rnss n 65% NO3. n N wr msur usin hsivnss). lm tmi srptin sptrphtmtr (Prkin lmr 3110, US). hwinss (k mm): Th nry rquir t hw sli smpl t sty stt swllwin lin tst: Th lin tst ws nut t nlyz (umminss x sprininss). th l strnth th ht hikn suss n ws trmin rin t Lnir (1992). t Shr r (k): tst t msurs th r smpls wr ut int 3 mm thik prtins. Th slis nssry t shr pi mt. wr hl twn th thum n th rinr n l t srv th wy tht thy rk. Th sl Sttistil nlysis: Th t rm thr rplitins us ws s: (1) rks y inr prssur, (2) rks wr nlyz usin n-wy nlyss Vrin immitly whn l in hl, (3) rks rully (NOV) n th unn tst r multipl mn whn l in hl, (4) n rks shwin tr lin mprisns. Th t ws prss usin SPSS in hl n (5) n rks shwin tr lin twi. vrsin 17.0 n siniin ws in t p<0.05. lur msurmnt: Smpls wr ht t 90 r 5 min n sli int pis 4 mm thik (u t l., 2000). Th lur ht smpls ws msur usin lrimtr (Minlt M 3500, pn). Th lur rin inlus lihtnss (L*), rnss (*) n yllwnss (*). Th lrimtr ws lirt thruhut th stuy usin stnr whit rmi til. Txtur nlysis n shr tst: Smpls wr ht t 90 r 5 min n wr unirmly ut int 1.5 m pis. Txtur smpls wr msur y usin Txtur nlyzr T-XT2 (Stl Mirsystm, UK), mprssin Pltn (SMS P/75) with hvy uty pltrm n th llwin sttins: l ll, 25 k; sp, 3.0 mm/s; tst sp, 1.0 mm/s; pst tst sp, 3.0 mm/s; prix strin, 75%; tim r sn mprssin, 2 s. Th llwin prmtrs wr trmin: rnss, sprininss, hsivnss, umminss n hwinss. Shr tst th smpls wr n y usin l St (P/SW) with hvy uty pltrm n th llwin sttins: l ll, 25 k; pr-tst sp, 2.0 mm/s; tst sp, 2.0 mm/s; psttst sp, 10.0 mm/s; trt istn, 3.0 mm. Th prmtr t trmin ws uttin r. 2 rnss (k): Th r th urv (in mm ) urin th irst wnstrk, whih is prprtinl t th wrk prrm y th pr n th smpl urin th irst mprssin r th wrk prrm urin th irst it. Sprininss (mm): Th r t mximum mprssin urin th sn mprssin yl. t rprsnts th hrnss th smpl t sn it. hsivnss (rti): Th rti (imnsinlss) psitiv r urin th sn t tht th irst mprssin yl (wnwr strks nly). Th strnth th intrnl ns mkin up th y th smpl. RSULTS N SUSSON s shwn in Tl 1, th nrl inrmtin th rnkurtrs is ll n h pk. Prximt mpsitins, lium n sium ntnt slt rns hikn suss mrkt in Mlysi r shwn in Tl 2. Th rn mistur ntnt in urrnt mmril hikn sus is 56.48%-68.85%. This rsult is similr with th prvius rprt y Rhmn t l. (1997), whih th rn mistur ntnt in hikn suss ws rprt s %. Th rn prtin ntnt in urrnt mmril hikn sus is 7.03%-14.14%. Th rsults tin is lwr thn Rhmn t l. (1997), whr th prtin ntnt ws rm %. Th prtin ntnt Mlysin mmril hikn suss ws ls lwr thn mmril hikn suss rm rzil whih is rprt t 13.2% (Prir t l., 2000). Th lwr prtin ntnt my u t lwr mt ntnt, prly sustitut y strh, t pru lwr st sus, whil mintinin th txtur n wtr hlin pity. rin t Mlysin Rultin 1985 mnutur mt in sus rm shul nt lss thn 65%. s mjr inrint in sus, th % mts in smpls ws nt trmin us n suh inrmtin ws vill. wvr, it n rrr t th rultin s n th nitrn nlysis rsult, whih ntin mr thn 1.7% nitrn in rni mintin. Mst smpls hiv mr thn 1.7% N, xpt r smpl (1.54%), (1.49%) n (1.12%). rhyrt ntnt in hikn suss hs wir rn, with vlus rm %. Ths rsults r hihr thn t rprt y Rhmn t l. (1997), whih wr t %. Th inrs in rhyrt ntnt in suss ul u t th inrs strh ntnt (t s xtnr) t sustitut r rw mt in th mnuturin suss. Th min rsn hin this is th mnuturr plns t ru prssin st t inrs thir mrinl prit. Th rplmnt rw 955

3 nt.. Pult. Si., 9 (10): , 2010 Tl 1: nrint inrmtin r th Mlysin mmril hikn suss Smpls nrints hikn mt, sy prtin, slt, spis xtrt, prmitt nitinr n sium nitrit. hikn mt, slt, xtrs, spis xtrt, prmitt nitinr n sium nitrit. hikn mt, sy prtin, mii rn strh, spis, prmitt lvur nhnr (450, 451, 452) n prsrvtiv (250, 252). hikn mt, sy prtin, strh, slt, sur, spis n prmitt nitinr. hikn mt, sy prtin, slt, sur, spis, prmitt nitinr n prmitt lvur nhnr (MS, isium insint, unylt). hikn mt, slt, xtrs, prmitt nitinr, MS, whit pppr, lurin (Pnu 4R.124/1/6255) n sium nitrit. hikn mt, vtl il, prtin hyrlysis, slt, xtrs, sur, spis, nitinr, tst nhnr n prmitt prsrvtiv. hikn mt, vtl il, prtin hyrlysis, slt, xtrs, sur, spis, nitinr, tst nhnr n prmitt prsrvtiv. hikn mt, hikn t, ptt strh, spis, rnkurtr spis n slt. hikn mt, slt, xtrs, spis, prmitt nitinr n sium nitrit. Tl 2: Prximt mpsitin, lium n sium ntnt hikn suss Smpl Mistur (%) Prtin (%) t (%) sh (%) rhyrt (%) lium (m/) Sium (m/) 66.39± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.16 Mn ± Stnr vitin. Mns within lumn with irnt lttrs r siniintly irnt (p<0.05) mt y strh n urthr supprt y th Tl 3 shws th lin tst n lur hrtristis rsin prtin ntnt prsnt hikn mmril hikn suss llt rm irnt suss, s mpr t th stuy y Rhmn t l. rns. lin tst is simpl mth us t (1997). msur th txturl qulity suss. nrlly, ll Th rn n N in urrnt Mlysin hikn hikn suss smpls shw l strnth sus is m/ n m/, us thir lin tst srs wr mr thn 4.0. rsptivly. This rsult is lwr thn Rhmn t l. iv smpls h sr 5.0 in th lin tst, whil (1997), whih th rn n N ntnt in th rst th hikn suss rn rm sr 4.2 hikn suss ws m/ n () t sr 4.8 (). u t l. (2010) rprt th m/, rsptivly. Th irn in ths rsults is lin tst srs mmril rnkurtrs t minly u t th typs mt us (mhnil Mlysi wr in th rn Th sr n mt r tritinl hn n mt) n lin tst r initiv th rshnss mt, mt inrints in th rmultin (Tl 1). rin t spis, surs strh, str mth n Rhmn t l. (1997), th ntnt in hikn mt inrints us r sus rmultin (u t l., ws lw. wvr, usin mhnil n hikn 2010). mt in th prssin suss will inrs th Th L* (lihtnss) vlu suss wr twn minrl ntnt. rin t ji n Sri-hmpk n hihr L* vlu inits lihtr (1995), mhnil n hikn mt h hih lur, whih is sirl n hs hih nsumr ntnt, P, Zn n thr minrls. Th min ptn (Rsurrin, 2004). With htin, svrl sur N in suss is Nl (slt). Nl ts hns in th pprn n physil prprtis th lvur, txtur, shl li mt pruts. Ovrll, mts in sus ur u htin prsss. Ths th sium ntnt un in smpls ws lssr thn hns inlu islrtin th mts, u t th rprt y Rhmn t l. (1997), shwin trn r xiiztin pimnt hm rups (ri-svi t th pst 10 yrs, whr lwr slt ntnt is us in l., 2007). rin t rss t l. (1986), ht ppli sus prssin u t nsumrs inrs hlth n mts ws rspnsil t nvrt mylin n wrnss. hmlin t mtmylin, whih is rwn in lur. 956

4 nt.. Pult. Si., 9 (10): , 2010 Tl 3: lin tst n lur hrtristis hikn suss Smpl lin tst Lihtnss (L*) Rnss (*) Yllwnss (*) 51.19± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.21 Mn ± Stnr vitin. Mns within lumn with irnt lttrs r siniintly irnt (p<0.05) Tl 4: Txtur nlysis rsults hikn suss rnss Sprininss hsivnss umminss hwinss Shr r Smpl (k) (mm) (rti) (k) (kmm) (k) 5.71± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.24 Mn ± Stnr vitin. Mns within lumn with irnt lttrs r siniintly irnt (p<0.05) Thrr, lur mt will nrlly m rkr Th sprininss, hsivnss, umminss n tr htin. Lihtnss is min ttriut whih rrlts wll with nsumr ptility. rin t hwinss Mlysin hikn suss wr vri siniintly. Th irns ul u t th inst t l. (2005), t lst 60% nsumrs wr inrints us r xmpl slt. Slt siniintly willin t uy th suss whn L* ws twn 62.3 inrs mt prut hsivnss (su n hun, n Th rsults shw tht mny th smpls 2001). pplitins mhnil n hikn i nt rh th sirl lihtnss, vn min mt int sus prssin ul ru hrnss, rkr tr htin. Thr r svrl trs whih sprininss n hsivnss th hikn sus. ntriut t th lur th suss: inrsin t Mhnilly n hikn mt hs th ility t ntnt, n pint tmprtur n th pst-kin tim r vlutin will rs th rnss rtin wtr n thrr wul ru th hrnss, k mt smpls (inr-r n rry, 2000). sprininss n hsivnss th hikn sus Tl 4 shws th txtur nlysis rsults (Li t l., 1998). Th snry prmtrs mmril hikn suss llt rm irnt rns. rnss (k) is th mximum r rquir t mprss th smpl urin th irst mprssin r umminss n hwinss hv similrly t th prmtrs n whih thy r pnnt whih is hrnss rs t l. (2006). Shr r is tst t irst it. Th hihst hrnss vlu r hikn suss ws tin in smpl t 7.25 k, whil th lwst vlu ws tin in smpl t 3.84 k. Th hihr hrnss vlu within th smpl my rlt t th hihr prtin ntnt n lwr ntnt t, s mpr t smpl. Mt typ (yun r l mt), mt prt (rst r thih), nin mth (hn r mhnilly), wtr n itivs (Tl 1) ul ls inlun th hrnss th smpls. mn txtur ttriuts, hrnss is th mst imprtnt t th nsumrs s it trmin th mmril vlu mt. rin t inst t l. (2005), suss with hrnss 4.73 k n v will hv t lst 60% nsumrs willin t uy it. s rsult, th hrnss ll th suss in th ll mrkt ws un t sirl. msurs th r (k) nssry t shr pi mt. Smpl hs th hihst vlu shrin whil smpl hs th lwst vlu whih is 1.95 k n 0.58 k, rsptivly. lrr vlu init rtr shr r n thrr, tuhr mt mn t l. (2003). nlusin: Th rsults n prximt mpsitin, lium n sium ntnt n physihmil prprtis hikn suss shw siniint irn mnst th rns. Th irns in hikn suss ul minly u t th typs n munt inrints, irnt rmultin, irnt kin mths n thr prmtrs suh s p, tmprtur, nvirnmnt humiity n pstkin tim r smpl vlutin. 957

5 nt.. Pult. Si., 9 (10): , 2010 KNOWLMNT Th uthrs knwl with rtitu th supprt ivn y Univrsiti Sins Mlysi t ur rsrh. Th prjt ws un y th Sin un rsrh rnt MOST S0089. RRNS O, Oiil Mths nlysis. 17th n., ssitin Oil nlytil hmists. Wshintn,. ji,.s. n M.Y. Sri-hmpk, Th nutritinl vlu sm prss mt pruts in Mlysi. Mlysin. Nutr., 1: ji,.s., S.Y. hin, M.Y. Sri-hmpk n.r. lin, Qulity mhnilly n hikn mt rnkurtr inrprt with hikn skin. nt.. Si. Nutr., 49: inr-r, M.. n.w. rry, Thwin prir t kin ts snsry, shr r n kin prprtis pttis.. Si., 65: 2-8. rs,., M.L. ri n M.. Sls, sin nw k mt sus nrih with lium. Mt Si., 73: rss,.r., P.R. urln n S.. Simn, Snsry qulitis mt. n: Musl s, (P.. htl, itr). mi Prss, n., lri, US: inst,..,. Kurø, T. Næs n. lnsl, ritil qulity nstrints snsry ttriuts in rnkurtr-typ suss, t ppli in ptimiztin mls. LWT- Si. Thnl., 38: O: /j.lwt ri-svi, P.,. nrés-ll n. Mrtínz- Mnzó, t kin mth n mhnil prprtis, lr n strutur musl (M. ptrlis).. n., 80: mn, L.., M. Mullr, S.W.P. lt n. Shmit, mprisn six rssr lm typs: Snsry, physil n nutritinl mt qulity hrtristis. Mt Si., 65: su, S.Y. n.y. hun, t k-rrnn, slt, phspht n t n qulitis lw t mulsii mtlls.. n., 47: u, N.,. ullh n.s. ji, hmil mpsitin n qulity Mlysin ish lls. n: Sminr rsm T-UKM V. Univrsiti Knsn Mlysi, Mlysi: pril 12-13, u, N., T.L.. listir,.w. Lim n. Nryti, Qulity hrtristis Mlysin mmril rnkurtrs. nt. Rs.., 17: Lnir, T.., Msurmnt surimi mpsitin n untinl prprtis. n: Surimi Thnly, (T.. Lnir n.m. L, itrs). Mrl kkl n, Nw Yrk. Li, R.R.,.. rpntr n R. hny, Snsry n instrumntl prprtis smk sus m with Mhnilly Sprt Pultry (MSP) mt n wht prtin.. Si., 63: MO, Mklumt Utm Trnkn. [it 2010, rury 1]; vill rm: my//umnt_lirry/t_il?uui= &rup= Prir, N.R.,.R.T. Trly, M. Mtsushit n N.. Suz, Prximt mpsitin n tty i pril in rzilin pultry suss.. mpsitin nl., 13: Rhmn, S.., M.S.. hrin, T.W. ullh n.s. ji, Kmpsisi prksimt n minrl lm ssj ym. Sins Mlysin, 26: Rsurrin,.V.., Snsry spts nsumr his r mt n mt pruts. Mt Si., 66: