ELECTROCHEMICAL DATA
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1 ELECTROCHEMICAL DATA A HANDBOOK FOR ELECTROCHEMISTS IN INDUSTRY AND UNIVERSITIES BY D. DOBOS II V-- ttzü m... T^ II / AKADEMIAI KIADO BUDAPEST 1975
2 CONTENTS Foreword 15 /. List of Symbols, fundamental physical constants, conversion table to SI units, international atomic weights, electrochemical equations and formulae 17 List of Symbols 19 Fundamental physical constants 23 Conversion table to SI units 24 Prefixes for fractions and multiples of SI units 24 International atomic weights 25 Electrochemical equations and formulae _ 27 //. Conductivities, ionic mobilities, transport numbers, diffusion coefficients, thermodynamic data for ions in electrolyte Solutions, relaxation times, relative permittivities Specific and equivalent conductivities df Solutions of inorganic electrolytes at 18 C Equivalent conductivities of AgNO s, Ag 2 S0 4, A1C1 3 and A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 Solutions Equivalent conductivities of Ba(CH 3 COO) 2, BaBr0 3, BaCI 2 and Ba(N0 3 ) 2 Solutions Equivalent conductivities of Ca(CH 3 COO) 2, CaCl,, Ca(NO s ) 2 and CaS0 4 Solutions at 18 C Equivalent conductivities of CdBr 2, CdCl 2, Cdl 2, Cd(NO a ) 2 and CdS0 4 Solutions at 18 C Equivalent conductivities of CoCl 2, CsCl, CuCl 2, Cu(N0 3 ) 2 and CuS0 4 Solutions Equivalent conductivities of K acetate, KBr, KCNS, KCl and KC10 3 Solutions atl 8 C Equivalent conductivities of KC10 4, KF, KHC0 3, KI and KI0 3 Solutions 5l 9. Equivalent conductivities of KN0 3, K 2 CO a, K 2 C 2 O d, K 2 S0 4 and K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] Solutions Equivalent conductivities of LaCl 3, LiCl, LiI0 3, LiNO a and Li 2 S0 4 Solutions Equivalent conductivities of MgCl 2, Mg(N0 3 ) 2, MgS0 4 and MnCl 2 Solutions Equivalent conductivities of NH 4 C1, NH 4 N0 3, (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4, NaCl and NaC10 4 Solutions Equivalent conductivities of Na acetate, NaF, NaI, NaI0 3 and NaNO s Solutions Equivalent conductivities of Na 2 CO s, Na 2 HP0 4, Na 2 S0 4 and Na 2 Si0 3 Solutions at 18 C Equivalent conductivities of NiS0 4, Pb(N0 3 ) 2, RbCl, SrCl 2 and Sr(N0 3 ), Solutions at 18 C Equivalent conductivities of TIC!, TIF, TINO s, ZnCl 2 and ZnS0 4 solutions at 18 C 54
3 17. Equivalent conductivities of some acids in aqueous Solution at 18 C Equivalent conductivities of some inorganic bases in aqueous Solution at 18 C Conductivities of saturated Solutions of slightly soluble electrolytes Conductivity of very pure water at various temperatures Conductivities of potassium chloride Solutions at various temperatures Conductivities of saturated CaS0 4, 30 w. % H 2 S0 4, 17.4 w. % MgS0 4 and saturated NaCl Solutions at various temperatures Conductivities of inorganic pure liquids Equivalent conductivities of some salts in liquid S0 2 at 0 C Equivalent conductivities of some Compounds in methanol at 25 C Equivalent conductivities of some Compounds in ethanol at 25 C Equivalent conductivities of some inorganic electrolytes in acetone at 25 C Conductivities of pure solids and molten inorganic salts at various temperatures Equivalent conductivities of molten inorganic salts at their melting points Conductivity of the System KI-A1I 3 at 200 C Conductivity of the System Hgl 2 -All 3 at 200 C Conductivity of the System Cdl 2 -All 3 at 200 C Conductivity of the System Sbl 3 -All 3 at 200 C Conductivity of the System AlBr 3 -SbBr 3 at 99.5 C Conductivity of the System BaCl 2 -NaCl at various temperatures Conductivity of the System Cul-All 3 at 200 C Conductivity of the System KN0 3 -NaN0 3 at various temperatures Conductivity of the System AgN0 3 -TlN0 3 at 250 C Conductivity of the System Na 2 B NaCl at various temperatures Conductivity of the System KCl-NaCl at 850 C Conductivity of the System NaCl-CaCl 2 at various temperatures Conductivity of the System NaCl-CaCl 2 at various temperatures Conductivity of the System Agl-All 3 at 200 C Conductivity of the System AgBr-AgCl at 500 C Conductivity of the System AlBr 3 -KBr at 99.5 C Conductivity of the System AgCl-Agl at various temperatures Conductivity of the System AgBr-Agl at various temperatures Conductivity of the System AgN0 3 -AgI at various temperatures Conductivity of the System KCl-CaCl 2 at various temperatures Conductivity of the System KCl-CdCl 2 at various temperatures Conductivity of the System KCl-MgCl 2 at various temperatures Conductivity of the System LiCl-KCl at various temperatures Conductivity of the System KF-NaF at various temperatures Conductivity of the System NaF-AlF 3 at various temperatures Conductivity of the System K 3 AlF G -Na 3 AlF r, at various temperatures Conductivity of the System Al 2 O 3 -Na 3 AlF 0 at various temperatures Conductivity of the System Na 2 B NaF at various temperatures Conductivity of the System PbBr 2 -PbCl 2 at 500 C 76 6
4 59. Conductivity of the System Na 2 0-W0 3 at various temperatures Specific and equivalent conductivities of aqueous Solutions of organic Compounds at 18 C Molar conductivities of aqueous Solutions of organic bases at 25 C Conductivities of pure organic liquid Compounds Resistivities and conductivities of water-ethanol mixtures Resistivities and conductivities of water-glycol mixtures Resistivities of aqueous Solutions of inorganic and some organic Compounds at 25 C Resistivities of KOH Solutions at various temperatures Resistivities of NaOH Solutions at various temperatures Resistivities of ZnCl 2 Solutions Equivalent ionic conductivities in aqueous Solutions at 18 C Limiting equivalent anionic conductivities in aqueous Solutions Limiting equivalent cationic conductivities in aqueous Solutions Limiting equivalent ionic conductivities in organic solvents at 25 C Absolute ion mobilities at infinite dilution at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous AgN0 3, BaBr 2, BaCl 2, BaI 2 and Ba(N0 3 ) 2 Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous CaBr 2, CaCl 2 and Cal 2 Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous CdBr 2, CdCl 2, Cdl 2 and CdS0 4 Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous CsBr, CsCl, Csl and CuS0 4 Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous HCl, HN0 3 and H 2 S0 4 Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous KBr, KI and KN0 3 Solutions at 25 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous KBrO s, KCl, K00 3 and KC10 4 Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous KOH, K 2 C0 3, K 2 S0 4 and K acetate Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous LiCl, LiOH, MgBr 2, MgCl 2, Mgl 2 and MgS0 4 Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous NH 4 Br, NH 4 C1 and NHJ Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous NaBr, NaCl, Nal and NaOH Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous Na 2 CO s, Na 2 S0 4 and Na acetate Solutions at 18 C Anion transport numbers in aqueous RbBr, RbCl, Rbl and T1 2 S0 4 Solutions at 18 C Transport numbers in some solid electrolytes Transport numbers in some pure molten electrolytes Diffusion coefficients of various metal ions in some Systems of fused salts Self-diffusion coefficients of ions in some molten salts Heats of formation {AH"), Standard entropies (5 ) and heats of hydration (AH hyd ) of ions in aqueous Solutions at 25 C Solvation energies of some ions in various solvents Relaxation times of some electrolytes in M Solutions 102 7
5 94. Relative permittivities (static) of elements and inorganic Compounds Relative permittivities (static) of some aqueous electrolyte Solutions at 25 C Relative permittivities of organic Compounds Relative permittivity index Relative permittivities of ethanol-water mixtures at 25 C Relative permittivities of methanol-water mixtures at 25 C Relative permittivities of ethylene glycol-water mixtures at 25 C Relative permittivities of dioxan-water mixtures at 25 C Relative permittivities of rf-glucose Solutions at 25 C Relative permittivities of isopropyl alcohol-water mixtures at 25 C Relative permittivities of glycerol-water mixtures at 25 C Relative permittivities of minerals at room temperature Relative permittivities and tan ö values of raw and other materials at room temperature Relative permittivities and tan <5 values of plastics at room temperature 144 ///. Equilibrium values, activity coefficients, solubility products, rh values Dissociation constants of inorganic acids Dissociation constants of inorganic bases Dissociation constants of organic acids Dissociation constants of organic bases Degrees of electroiytic dissociation of inorganic and some organic Compounds at 25 C Ionic product of water at various temperatures Dissociation and recombination rate constants for organic acids Ionic product of the autoprotolysis of some solvents Acidity constants of some Brönsted acids in aqueous Solutions at 18 C Ionic strengths in 1 M Solutions of various electrolyte types Mean activity coefficients of AgN0 3, A1CI 3, A1(00 3 ) 3 and A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Ba acetate, BaBr 2, BaCL, Ba(00 4 ) 2 and Bal 2 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Ba(N0 3 ) 2, Ba(OH) 2 and BeS0 4 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of CaBr 2, CaCl 2, Ca(C10 4 ) 2, Cal 2 and Ca(NO s ) 2 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of CdBr 2, CdCl 2, Cdl 2, Cd(NO s ) 2 and CdS0 4 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of CeCl 3, CoBr», CoCl 2, CoI 2 and Co(N0 3 ) 2 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of CrCl 3, Cr(N0 3 ) 3, Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3, CsAc and CsBr Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of CsCl, Csl, CsN0 3, CsOH and Cs 2 S0 4 Solutions at 25 C 183 8
6 126. Mean activity coefficients of CuCl 2, Cu(N0 3 ) 2 and CuS0 4 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of EuCl 3, FeCl 2, FeCl 3 and Ga(C10 4 ) 3 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HBr, HCl, HC10 4 and HI solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HNO,, H 2 S0 4, In 2 (S0 4 ) 3, K acetate and KBr solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of KBrO s, KCNS, KCl, KC10 3 and KF solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of KH adipate, KH malonate, KH succinate, KH 2 As0 4 and KH 2 P0 4 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of KI, KNO s, KOH, K toluenesulphonate, K 2 Cr0 4 and K,HP0 4 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of K 2 S0 4, K 3 As0 4, K 3 [Fe(CN) e ], K 3 P0 4, K 4 [Fe(FN) 6 ] and K 4 [Mo(CN) 8 ] solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of LaCl 3, La(N0 3 ) 3, Li acetate, LiBr, LiCl and LiC10 4 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Lil, LiN0 3, LiOH, Li toluenesulphonate and Li 2 S0 4 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Mg acetate, MgBr 2, MgCl 2, Mg(C10 4 ) 2, Mgl 2, Mg(NO s ) 2 and MgS0 4 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of MnCl 2, MnS0 4, Na acetate, NaBr and NaBrO :l solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Na butyrate, Na caprate, Na caproate, Na caprylate and NaCNS solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of NaCl, NaC10 3, NaC10 4 and NaF solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Na formate, NaH adipate, NaH malonate, NaH succinate and Na heptylate solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of NaH 2 As0 4, NaH 2 P0 4, Nal, NaN0 3 and NaOH solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Na pelargonate, Na Propionate, Na toluenesulphonate, Na valerate and Na 2 CO s solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Na 2 Cr0 4, Na 2 fumarate, Na 2 HAs0 4, Na 2 HP0 4 and Na 2 maleate solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Na 2 S0 4, Na 2 S 2 0 3, Na 3 As0 4, Na 3 P0 4 and NdCl solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of NH 4 C1, NH 4 NO s, (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4, NiCl 2 and NiS0 4 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of PbCl 2, Pb(C10 4 ) 2, Pb(N0 3 ), and PrCl 3 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of Rb acetate, RbBr, RbCl, Rbl, RbNO a and Rb 2 S0 4 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of ScCl 3, SmCl 3, SrBr 2, SrCl 2, Sr(C10 4 ) 2, Srl 2 and Sr(N0 3 ) 2 solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of ThCl 4, Th(NO s ) 4, Tl acetate, T1C1, T1C10 4 and T1N0 3 solutions at 25 C 200 9
7 50. Mean activity coefficients of UO ä Cl 2, U0 2 (C10 4 ) 2, U0 2 (N0 3 ) 2, U0 2 S0 4 and YCl 3 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of ZnBr 2, ZnCl 2, ZnfC10 4 ) 2, Znl 2, Zn(N0 3 ) 2 and ZnSÖ 4 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of BaCl 2 Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of CdBr 2 and CdCl 2 Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of Cdl 2 Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HBr in aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HCl in aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients in H 2 S0 4 Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of KCl in aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of KOH in aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of NaBr in aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of NaCl in aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of NaOH in dilute aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of NaOH in concentrated aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of ZnCl 2 in aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of Znl 2 in aqueous Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HBr in KCl Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HBr in LiBr Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HBr in NaBr Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HCl in A1C1 3 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HCl in BaCL Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HCl in CsCl, GeCl 3 and SrCl 2 Solutions at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HCl in LiCl Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HCl in KCl Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of HCl in NaCl Solutions at various temperatures Mean activity coefficients of T1C1 in aqueous Solutions of various electrolytes as a function of the ionic strength at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HCl in dioxan-water mixtures Mean activity coefficients of HCl in ethanol-water mixtures at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HCl in ethanol-water mixtures and in ethanol at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HCl in glycerol-water mixtures at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HCl in isopropanol-water mixtures at 25 C Mean activity coefficients of HCl in methanol-water mixtures at various temperatures 2I9 82. Mean activity coefficients of HCl in methanol at 25 C Approximate activity coefficients of ions as a function of the ionic strength at 25 C Log y values of alkali metal and ammonium salts in aqueous Solutions at room temperature Mean activity coefficients of some Chlorides in molten KCl-NaCl System at 700 C Solubility products of slightly soluble electrolytes
8 187. rh values of some redox Systems at 30 C Conversion of rh to E (ph = 7) 227 IV. Indicators, measurement of ph, buffer Solutions, approximate values of ph for different materiats, Standard mixtures for dielectrometric investigations Transition ph ränge of indicators Colour change of mixed indicators Redox Potentials of redox indicators Standard redox potentials of some redox resins Salt correction of some indicators in Solutions of different ionic strength for colorimetric ph measurements Protein correction of some indicators for colorimetric ph measurements ph of NBS primary Standard Solutions at 0-95 C Pressure corrections for the hydrogen electrode ph ranges of buffer Solutions Buffer Solution mixtures (Sörensen) Buffer Solution mixtures (Clark and Lubs) Buffer Solutions (Britton-Robinson) Phosphate-citric acid bujier mixtures Acetate buffer mixtures Succinic acid-borax buffer mixtures Phosphate-borax buffer mixtures Veronal buffer mixtures Ammonium hydroxide-ammonium Chloride buffer mixtures Approximate ph values of aqueous Solutions of acids at room temperature ph value of an aqueous Solution of carbonic acid at 25 C Approximate ph values of aqueous Solutions of inorganic bases at room temperature Approximate ph values of salt Solutions of various concentrations, obtained from weak acids and strong bases at room temperature Precipitation ph of metal hydroxides ph of some biological fluids ph of some foodstuffs Relative permittivities of pure liquids Relative permittivities of acetone-benzene Standard mixtures at 25 C and at 400 MHz Relative permittivities of water-acetone Standard mixtures at 25 C and at 400 MHz 244 V. Electrode potentials, electromotive forces, dijfusion potentials, zero charge potentials, galvanic cells, accumulators Standard electrode potentials of metals in aqueous Solution vs. SHE Standard redox potentials of metals in aqueous Solution vs. SHE Standard electrode potentials of some metals and gas electrodes vs. SHE in nonaqueous Solutions
9 220. Standard electrode Potentials of some metals in formamide vs. SHE Electrode Potentials of metals in their pure molten halides at 700 C Electrode Potentials of metals in bromide melts at 700 C Standard Potentials of electrochemical reactions in aqueous Solution vs. SHE Standard Potentials of the electrodes of the second order in aqueous Solution Standard Potentials of metal sulphide (Me MeS H 3 S) electrodes Standard electrode Potentials of oxide electrodes vs. SHE Values of the RT/F = T at various temperatures Potentials of the Ag ] AgCl electrode in aqueous Solution at various temperatures Potentials of the Ag [ AgI electrode in aqueous Solution at various temperatures Potentials of calomel reference electrodes at various temperatures Potentials of the Hg Hg 2 Br 2 electrode (vs. SHE) at various temperatures Potentials of the Hg Hg 2 S0 4 electrode (vs. SHE) at various temperatures Potentials of Pb-Hg PbS0 4 and Pb PbS0 4 electrodes (vs. SHE) at various temperatures Potentials of the Pb0 2 PbS0 4 electrode (vs. SHE) at various temperatures Potential of thalamid electrode (vs. SHE) at various temperatures Standard potential of the Ag AgCl electrode in acetone-water mixtures Standard potential of the Ag [ AgCl electrode in ethylene glycol-water mixtures Standard potential of the Ag AgCl electrode in ethanol-water mixtures Standard potential of the Ag I AgCl electrode in methanol-water mixtures Standard potential of the Ag ] AgCl electrode in dioxan-water mixtures Standard potential of the Ag AgCl electrode in <i-glucose Solutions Standard potential of the Ag [ AgCl electrode in isopropyl alcohol-water mixtures Standard potential of the Ag AgCl electrode in glycerol-water mixtures Standard potential of the Hg Hg 2 Cl 2 electrode in methanol-water mixtures Standard potential of the Hg [ Hg 2 Cl, electrode in dioxan-water mixtures Standard potential of the Hg Hg 2 Cl 2 electrode in ethylene glycol-water mixtures Potentials of the quinhydrone electrode in aqueous Solution vs. SHE at 0-50 C Potential difference between the quinhydrone and various calomel electrodes at 0-50 C Standard redox Potentials of some biological redox Systems Electromotive force of the Weston normal cell at various temperatures Electromotive force of the Clark Standard cell at various temperatures Electromotive force of the cell Pt H, HCl AgCl Ag at various temperatures Electromotive force of the cell Ag AgCl j KCl aq (a =1.0) Hg 2 Cl 2 [ Hg at various temperatures Electromotive forces of chemical cells with fused salts Electromotive forces of galvanic cells with fused salts at various temperatures Diffusion Potentials at the boundary of the same aqueous electrolyte Solutions of different concentrations Diffusion Potentials at the boundary of different aqueous electrolyte Solutions of the same concentration
10 258. Zero Charge Potentials in aqueous electrolyte Solutions with respect to the SHE at room temperature Zero Charge Potentials of mercury vs. NCE in aqueous electrolyte Solutions at room temperature Primary batteries Zero Charge Potentials of liquid metals in fused KCl-LiCl eutectic mixture Internal resistances of galvanic cells (of approximately 1 litre volume) Accumulators Preparation of 100 litres of accumulator acid of various concentrations Density conversion table Densities and conductivities of sulphuric acid Solutions of various concentrations Some properties of potassium hydroxide Solutions Quantities of electric Charge required for the oxidation and reduction of various lead Compounds Characteristics of silver a cumulators Comparison of acid and alkaline (Ni-Fe) accumulators 281 VI. Coulometry, electrogravimetry, deposition potentials, decomposition potentials, Polarographie half-wave potentials Characteristic data of coulometers Controlled potential separations and determination of some metals Data for electrogravimetric determinations Deposition potentials of some metals referred to the Standard hydrogen electrode Decomposition potentials of electrolytes in normal Solutions measured between platinum electrodes Practical decomposition potentials of molten electrolytes Polarographic half-wave potentials (vs. SCE) of inorganic depolarizers Polarographic half-wave potentials (vs. SCE) of organic Compounds 305 VII. Electrokinetic data, isoelectric points Electrophoretic migration rate of suspended particles of some materials and their electrokinetic potentials in water 32-* 280. Electrophoretic migration rate of suspended particles of some materials and their electrokinetic potentials in organic liquids Isoelectric points of some proteins in aqueous Solution at 25 C Dissociation constants and ph values at the isoelectric points of the amino acids in water at 25 C
11 VIII. Some important books on electrochemistry and related topics 325 Theoretical and general works 327 Electrochemical methods of analysis and instrumentation 328 Electroplating, corrosion 330 Industrial electrochemistry, electrochemical engineering 331 Batteries, accumulators, fuel cells 332 Calculations, data 332 Subject index
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