RSC Advances.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "RSC Advances."

Morgan Gordon
5 years ago
Views:

1 RSC dvnces This is n ccepted Mnuscript, which hs een through the Royl Society of Chemistry peer review process nd hs een ccepted for puliction. ccepted Mnuscripts re pulished online shortly fter cceptnce, efore technicl editing, formtting nd proof reding. Using this free service, uthors cn mke their results ville to the community, in citle form, efore we pulish the edited rticle. This ccepted Mnuscript will e replced y the edited, formtted nd pginted rticle s soon s this is ville. You cn find more informtion out ccepted Mnuscripts in the Informtion for uthors. Plese note tht technicl editing my introduce minor chnges to the text nd/or grphics, which my lter content. The journl s stndrd Terms & Conditions nd the Ethicl guidelines still pply. In no event shll the Royl Society of Chemistry e held responsile for ny errors or omissions in this ccepted Mnuscript or ny consequences rising from the use of ny informtion it contins.

2 Pge 1 of 4 RSC dvnces

RSC dvnces CRETED USING THE RSC COMMUNICTION TEMPLTE (VER. 3.1) - SEE WWW.RSC.ORG/ELECTRONICFILES FOR DETILS RTICLE TYPE www.rsc.

200X, ccepted Xth XXXXXXXXX 200X First pulished on the we Xth XXXXXXXXX 200X 5 DOI: 10.

The oxygen-propelled NSMs cn e 10 guided y mgnetic force in n quieous solution contining 1% hydrogen peroxide s fuel.

15 Ctlytic nnomotors, first discovered y Mllouk nd Sen in 2004 1, re nnoscle mnufcturil devices which cn e propelled y different mechnisms 2, 3.

surgery 8-10, io-isoltion 11-14, chemicl sensing 15-17 nd environmentl remedition 18-21. Up to now, vrious methods hve een reported for synthesis of nnomotors 22-26.

experience. Therefore, serch for effective, low-cost nd simple methods for synthesis of nnomotors is still desirle.

Furthermore, we exploited tht the fricted nnomotors, in the presence of 1% hydrogen peroxide s fuel, cn e mgenticlly guided to pollution regions for degrdtion of orgnic pollutnts 35 such s rhodmin

3 RSC dvnces CRETED USING THE RSC COMMUNICTION TEMPLTE (VER. 3.1) - SEE FOR DETILS RTICLE TYPE XXXXXXXX Pge 2 of 4 simple method for friction of nnomotor sed on gold nno sheet decorted with CoPt nnoprticles Mhmoud mouzdeh Trizi, Mojt Shmsipur* Received (in XXX, XXX) Xth XXXXXXXXX 200X, ccepted Xth XXXXXXXXX 200X First pulished on the we Xth XXXXXXXXX 200X 5 DOI: /000000x In this communiction, we present n extremely rpid, simple nd templte-less method for friction of CoPt/gold nnosheet motors (NSMs) electrochemiclly, vi three-steps pplied potentil process. The oxygen-propelled NSMs cn e 10 guided y mgnetic force in n quieous solution contining 1% hydrogen peroxide s fuel. Finlly, the ctlytic ctivity of the prepred NSMs in the degrdtion of rhodmin (R) nd methylene lue (M) were investigted s models for environmentl remedition. 15 Ctlytic nnomotors, first discovered y Mllouk nd Sen in , re nnoscle mnufcturil devices which cn e propelled y different mechnisms 2, 3. In recent yers, incresing numer of reserches in field of nnoscience hve een devoted to the synthesis of nnomtors, opening the door for new 20 pplictions in nnotechnology, including drug delivery 4-7, surgery 8-10, io-isoltion 11-14, chemicl sensing nd environmentl remedition Up to now, vrious methods hve een reported for synthesis of nnomotors However, the friction process of these methods (especilly templte sed 1, 25 4, 17, 22, nd rolled-up sed methods 8, ) re generlly timeconsuming, expensive nd need to opertors with high experience. Therefore, serch for effective, low-cost nd simple methods for synthesis of nnomotors is still desirle. Herein, for the first time, we report simple nd rpid method for 30 friction of oxygen-propelled mgneticlly-guided CoPt/gold nnosheet motors which they hve non-uniform structure. Furthermore, we exploited tht the fricted nnomotors, in the presence of 1% hydrogen peroxide s fuel, cn e mgenticlly guided to pollution regions for degrdtion of orgnic pollutnts 35 such s rhodmin (R) nd methylene lue (M). The chrcteriztion of NSMs ws exmined y scnning electron microscopy (SEM) nd scnning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ry spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The otined imges re shown in Fig. 1. It cn e seen tht the 40 prepred NSMs possess sheet structure of gold, upon which re deposited the CoPt lloy nnoprticles (Fig. 1, nd C). However, it cn e seen tht the propertied NSMs hve different structures with ech other. The verge thickness of the gold nnosheet ws pproximtely 70 nm, the verge size of 45 deposited CoPt lloy nnoprticles is pproximtely 35 nm. lso, the elementl nlysis of otined NSMs ws crried out y EDX nd the results re shown in Fig. 1D. The EDX results clerly indicted tht the prepred NSMs contin wt% gold, 4.64 wt% colt nd 2.05 wt% pltinum. Fig. S1 lso shows 50 the typicl SEM imge of gold nnosheet film. Co-K u-l Pt-L Fig.1. FE-SEM (,) nd SEM/EDX (C) imges of perperted NSMs, (D) EDX spectr otined for NSMs. 65 D This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry [yer] Journl Nme, [yer], [vol],

4 Pge 3 of 4 RSC dvnces Remote control of nnomotor is very importnt spect. In this work, the prepred NSM ws guided in solution y mgnetic force. Fig. 2 shows series of opticl imges demonstrting the rout of the NSM in solution contining 1% hydrogen peroxide s fuel, vi mgneticlly guided movement, with the elpse of 5 time (from to F, in durtion of out 3 s). The corresponding movie is shown in the supporting informtion s video S1 nd video S2. s shown in these videos, the production of oxygenules from surfce of NSMs led to its movement in solution (video S1, Fig 2,, C). fter pplying n externl mgnet 10 force, the NSM re lso quickly moved towrd mgnetic direction (Video S1, Fig 2 D, E, F). C D E F Fig. 3 displys the schemticlly the oxygen-ule-propelled mgneticlly-guided movement of the NSMs. The presence of 25 CoPt mgnetic nnoprticles not only results in ctlytic decomposition of H 2 O 2 to oxygen ule, which mkes the movement of NSMs possile, ut lso llow the remote control of NSMs with mgnetic field. Fig.3 Schemtics of movement of oxygen-propelled mgneticlly-guided NSM. The time-lpse imges in Fig. S2, cptured from Video S3, disply the move of oxygen-propelled NSM under the irrdition of focused NIR lser in 0.1% (v/v) H 2 O 2. It cn e seen tht the 35 increse in temperture surrounding the NSM due to NIR irrdition rpidly induces higher rtes of ctlytic decomposition of H 2 O 2 to O 2, producing oxygen ules nd propulsion force to move of NSM ccordingly. It should e noted tht in sence of Fig.2 Remote mgnetic guidnce of oxygen-propelled NSM. The rrows show the movement of NSM in the sence (,, C) nd the presence (D, E, F) of mgnetic field (0.5 tesl). The mgnifiction of imges is 640 times. These figures re snpshot the irrdition of focused NIR lser, the ctlytic decomposition 40 rte of H 2 O 2 is too low to power self-propulsion of the NSM t this concentrtion level. With the im of investigting of the ctlytic performnce of the prepred NSMs towrd the degrdtion of orgnic pollutnts, we selected R nd M s models for environmentl remedition in 45 presence of 1% hydrogen peroxide nd 0.1M NOH s peroxide ctivtor with no externl stirring. fter the guiding the NSMs to polluted region y mgnetic force, the color of solution contining of R nd M decresed rpidly (see, Fig. S3, EIS for R nd Fig. S3, EIS for M), due to the ctlytic property 50 of the prepred NSMs in degrdtion process of the orgnic wter pollutnts components. sed on previous report, pt nnoprticles long with the H 2 O 2 nd peroxide ctivtor generte HOO rdicls which degrde orgnic pollutnts 30. lso, the movement of the NSMs nd their ule genertion contriute to the 55 sustntil fluid motion nd to the ccelerted decontmintion process. The chnges in the sorption spectr of R t 554 nm nd M t 656 nm in queous solution exposed to NSMs in the presence of hydrogen peroxide re lso shown in Figs. 4 nd 4, respectively. It cn e seen tht the sorption spectr of R 60 nd M re completely disppered fter degrdtion y NSMs, over time period of 2h. ut in the sence of the NSMs, no pprecile degrdtion of the R nd M solutions were oserved fter 2 h (Fig. S4). lso, in sence of mgnetic filed the NSM could not receive to pollution region fter 2 h (Fig. S5). 65 Fig.4 UV Vis sorption spectr of 60 ppm of R () nd M (), efore () nd fter () degrdtion y NSMs. The inset shows the visul color chnges of the R () nd M () efore () nd fter () degrdtion. 2 Journl Nme, [yer], [vol], This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry [yer]

5 RSC dvnces Pge 4 of 4 Conclusions This study descries rpid nd simple method friction of nnomotor. The prepred nnomotor (NSMs) cn e moved y ctlytic oxidtion of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen ules. Due to the mgnetic nd ctlytic properties of CoPt nnoprticles 5 present, the NSMs cn e used for their guided movement to the polluted region of wter nd susequent degrdtion of the corresponding pollutnts. We relly elief tht the proposed nnomotor system could provide unique opportunity for reserchers to pply them in wide fields of nnotechnology, 10 such s environmentl remedition, drug delivery, surgery, ioisoltion, chemicl nd io-sensing nd etc. Experimentl section Synthesis of CoPt/gold nnosheet motors First, the surfce of gold disk electrode (3.0 mm dimeter) ws 15 polished successively using 0.3, 0.1 nd 0.05 µm lumin slurry, respectively, nd then clened in ethnol nd wter, under ultr-soniction. The freshly polished gold electrode ws nodized t 6 V (versus g gcl sturted KCl) in 0.5 M phosphte uffer (P) solution of ph 7.0 for 20 min nd then 20 reduced t -0.3 V for 5 min to otin the gold nno film. Susequently, the gold nnofilm electrode ws immersed in solution of 1 M NH 4 Cl+ 0.1 M H 3 O 3 t ph 4.5 contining 0.1 mm CoCl 2 nd 0.02 mm N 2 PtCl 6 nd, then, V potentil ws pplied for 20 min. Finlly, the otined electrode ws 25 wshed with wter for 10 s, then immersed in douly distilled wter (2.0 ml) nd sonicted for 5 min, in order to relese the prepred CoPt/gold nnosheets with non-uniform structure into the solution. lso, in during the soniction process, the decorted nnofilm with CoPt nnoprticles will rek to nnosheets with 30 different structures. Finlly, the solution ws centrifuged t 2000 rpm for 5 min, the seprted products for susequent studies. pprtus Scnning electron microscopy (SEM) ws performed on Philips instrument, Model XL-30 with n ccelerting voltge 35 of 26 kv. neodymium (NdFe) mgnet (0.5 Tesl) ws used for mgneticlly control of the movement of nnomotor. UV visile sorption spectr were recorded using single em gilln UV vis spectrophotometer (model G1103). The electrochemicl experiments were performed using the µutol 40 electrochemicl system (Eco-Chemie, Utrecht, The Netherlnds) equipped with GPES nd FR 4.9 softwre. three-electrode ssemled cell ws employed, consisting of the gold disk electrode (3.0 mm dimeter) s the working electrode, pltinum-wire s counter electrode nd g gcl sturted 45 KCl electrode s the reference electrode. Opticl microscope videos (Video S1, Video S2 nd Video S3) nd imges (Fig.3 nd Fig. S2) were otined with n Olympus IX71 microscope coupled to digitl cmer Olympus DP72. The NSMs movement ws trcked using Cellsens Olympus imge softwre. The free 50 softwre XiLi 3GP (video converter) ws used to edit video. Ner infrred (NIR) lser em t 780 nm with power of 200 mw hs een used. ll regents were of nlyticl grde. Notes nd references 55 * Deprtment of Chemistry, Rzi University, Kermnshh, Irn. Phone: (+98) E-mil: mshmsipur@yhoo.com, Electronic Supplementry Informtion (ESI) ville: [Figs nd videos]. See DOI: /000000x/ 1. W. F. Pxton, K. C. Kistler, C. C. Olmed,. Sen, S. K. St. ngelo, Y. 60 Co, T. E. Mllouk, P. E. Lmmert nd V. H. Crespi, J. m. Chem. Soc, 2004, 126, J. Wng nd W. Go, CS Nno, 2012, 6, W. Wng, W. Dun, S. hmed, T. E. Mllouk nd. Sen, Nno Tody, 2013, 8, W. Go, D. Kgn, O. S. Pk, C. Clwson, S. Cmpuzno, E. Chuluun- Erdene, E. Shipton, E. E. Fullerton, L. Zhng, E. Lug nd J. Wng, Smll, 2012, 8, D. Ptr, S. Sengupt, W. Dun, H. Zhng, R. Pvlick nd. Sen, Nnoscle, 2013, 5, M. G. L. vn den Heuvel nd C. Dekker, Science, 2007, 317, D. Kgn, R. Lochroensuk, M. Zimmermn, C. Clwson, S. lsurmnin, D. Kng, D. ishop, S. Sttysmitsthit, L. Zhng nd J. Wng, Smll, 2010, 6, W. Xi,.. Solovev,. N. nnth, D. H. Grcis, S. Snchez nd O. 75 G. Schmidt, Nnoscle, 2013, 5, Solovev, W. Xi, D. H. Grcis, S. M. Hrzim, C. Deneke, S. Snchez nd O. G. Schmidt, CS Nno, 2012, 6, D. Kgn, M. J. enchimol, J. C. Clussen, E. Chuluun-Erdene, S. Esener nd J. Wng, ngew. Chem., Int. Ed, 2012, 51, M. Grci, J. Orozco, M. Guix, W. Go, S. Sttysmitsthit,. Escrp,. Merkoci nd J. Wng, Nnoscle, 2013, 5, S. Cmpuzno, J. Orozco, D. Kgn, M. Guix, W. Go, S. Sttysmitsthit, J. C. Clussen,. M. i nd J. Wng, Nno Lett, 2011, 12, S. lsurmnin, D. Kgn, C.-M. J. Hu, S. Cmpuzno, M. J. L.- C. on, N. Lim, D. Y. Kng, M. Zimmermn, L. Zhng nd J. Wng, ngew. Chem., Int. Ed, 2011, 50, J. Orozco,. Cortes, G. Cheng, S. Sttysmitsthit, W. Go, X. Feng, Y. Shen nd J. Wng, J. m. Chem. Soc, 2013, 135, J. G. S. Moo, H. Wng, G. Zho nd M. Pumer, Chem. Eur. J, 2014, 20, E. S. Olson, J. Orozco, Z. Wu, C. D. Mlone,. Yi, W. Go, M. Eghtedri, J. Wng nd R. F. Mttrey, iomter, 2013, 34, D. Kgn, P. Clvo-Mrzl, S. lsurmnin, S. 95 Sttysmitsthit, K. M. Mnesh, G. U. Flechsig nd J. Wng, J. m. Chem. Soc, 2009, 131, L. Soler nd S. Snchez, Nnoscle, 2014, 6, W. Go nd J. Wng, CS Nno, 2014, 8, W. Go, X. Feng,. Pei, Y. Gu, J. Li nd J. Wng, Nnoscle, 2013, 100 5, M. Guix, J. Orozco, M. Grcı, W. Go, S. Sttysmitsthit,. Merkoc-i,. Escrp nd J. Wng, CS Nno, 2012, 6, Solovev, Y. Mei, E. ermúdez Ureñ, G. Hung nd O. G. Schmidt, Smll, 2009, 5, W. Hung, M. Mnjre nd Y. Zho, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117, W. Go,. Pei, R. Dong nd J. Wng, J. m. Chem. Soc, 2014, 136, D.. Wilson,. de Nijs,. vn lderen, R. J. M. Nolte nd J. C. 110 M. vn Hest, Nnoscle, 2013, 5, G. Zho,. mrosi nd M. Pumer, Nnoscle, 2013, 5, S. Snchez,.. Solovev, S. Schulze nd O. G. Schmidt, ChemComm, 2011, 47, Y. F. Mei, G. S. Hung,.. Solovev, E.. Uren, F. D. I. Monch, T. Reindl, R. K. Y. Fu, P. K. Chu nd O. G. Schmidt, dv. Mter., 2008, 20, J. Li, J. Zhng, W. Go, G. Hung, Z. Di, R. Liu, JosephWng nd Y. Mei, dv. Mter., 2013, 25, J. Orozco, G. Cheng, D. Vilel, S. Sttysmitsthit, R. Vzquez- Duhlt, G. Vldés-Rmírez, O. S. Pk,. Escrp, C. Kn nd J. Wng, ngew. Chem., Int. Ed, 2013, 52, This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry [yer] Journl Nme, [yer], [vol],

Nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon nanosheets derived from plant biomass: An. efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon nanosheets derived from plant biomass: An. efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for Energy & Environmentl Science. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 214 Electronic Supplementry Informtion: Nitrogen-doped nnoporous cron nnosheets derived