University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616

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1 Supporting information for Noncanonical Photodynamics of the Orange/Green Cyanobacteriochrome Power Sensor NpF264g7 from the PtxD Phototaxis Regulator of Nostoc punctiforme Julia S. Kirpich, a# Che-Wei Chang, a# Dorte Madsen, a Sean M. Gottlieb, a Shelley S. Martin, b Nathan C. Rockwell, b J. Clark Lagarias, b and Delmar S. Larsen a * a Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, 9566 b Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 9566 * Corresponding Author: dlarsen@ucdavis.edu # These authors contributed equally to this manuscript. S

2 Figure S: Schematic of the setups for transient absorption experiments of primary (A) and secondary (B) photodynamics. S2

3 Figure S2: Sequential EADS analysis of the primary (< ns) forward reaction ( 5Z Po 5E Pg) kinetics. (A) Four-component sequential model with time constants. (B) Evolution-associated-difference spectra (EADS). (C) Scaled EADS2 and EADS3 with respect to ESA band at 45 nm, and the scaled EADS3 EADS2 difference spectrum (blue curve in C). The teal curve in C is the Lumi-Or spectrum as a visual aid. Table S: for target models of NpF264g7 photodynamics. Photodynamics (EADS) (SADS) (other SADS) # Primary forward.359* Secondary forward Primary reverse Secondary reverse * # See below * Additional compartment compared to other models for these dynamics S3

4 nm 62 nm 67 nm Figure S3: Comparison of residuals of primary forward dynamics model fits. Selected kinetic traces (black open circles) overlaid with fit curves (red curves) (first and third columns) and respective residuals (second and fourth columns) of the sequential (first column, Figure S2) and target (third column, Figure 3) model fits for the primary (< ns) forward ( 5Z Po 5E Pg) reaction photodynamics of NpF264g7. S4

5 Figure S4: Estimation of quantum yield for primary photoproduct formation (Lumi-photoproduct) in NpF264g7. The quantum yield of primary photoproduct is estimated by normalizing the ESI spectra at ~45 nm, where the signal predominantly arises from excited-state absorbance, and then applying the same scaling factor to later-time TA spectra to measure the relative ratio of the primary photoproducts between the known and unknown samples under the assumption that the photoproducts from these two samples have similar extinction coefficients. (A) Scaled absorption spectra of Po state in NpF264g7 (black curve) and NpF264g3 (red curve). (B) The similarity between the orange-absorbing states of NpF264g7 and NpF264g3 is shown at short and long times. The early TA spectrum of NpF264g7 (black solid curve) is scaled at 45 nm to compare the early TA spectrum of NpF264g3 (red solid curve). The same scaling factor.75 is applied to the later spectrum representing Lumi-Or. (C) Scaled absorption spectra of Pg state in NpF264g7 (black curve) and NpF264g6 (red curve). 2 (D) The similarity between the green-absorbing states of NpF264g7 and NpF264g6 is shown at short and long times. The early TA spectrum of NpF264g7 (black solid curve) is scaled at 45 nm to compare the early TA spectrum of NpF264g6 (red solid curve). The same scaling factor is applied to the later spectrum that represents Lumi-Go. 2 S5

6 Figure S5: Detailed comparison of primary 5Z Po dynamics of NpF264g7 with the primary 5E Po dynamics of NpF264g3: (A-B) Transient absorption spectra at selected probe times and (C-D) kinetics at selected wavelengths (black: NpF264g7; red: NpF264g3). S6

7 Figure S6: Comparison between primary photoproduct spectrum (color-coded solid curves), -ms spectrum (unfilled circles) from the pre-time zero spectra of the ultrafast pump-probe transient absorption measurements, and difference spectra of ground-state absorption between dark- and lightadapted states (dashed curves) for NpF264g7 in the (A) forward reaction (5Z 5E) and the (B) reverse reaction (5E 5Z). All spectra were scaled to similar amplitudes for simpler comparison. S7

8 Figure S7: Sequential EADS analysis of the secondary (> ns) forward reaction ( 5Z Po 5E Pg) kinetics. (A) Four-component sequential model with time constants. (B) selected kinetic fits; (C) EADS and (D) concentration profiles. Figure S8: Pre-Equilibrium global analysis for the secondary (> ns) forward ( 5Z Po 5E Pg) dynamics: (A) equilibrium model; (B) selected kinetic fits; (C) SADS and (D) concentration profiles. Unfilled circles in panel C represent the static 5E Pg - 5Z Po spectrum. S8

9 nm nm nm Figure S9: Comparison of residuals of secondary forward dynamics model fits. Selected kinetics traces (black open circles) overlaid with fit curves (red curves) (first and third columns) and respective residuals (second and fourth columns) of the sequential (first column, Figure S7) and target (third column, Figure 4) model fits for the secondary (> ns) forward ( 5Z Po 5E Pg) reaction photodynamics of NpF264g7. S9

10 Figure S: Sequential EADS analysis of primary (< ns) reverse reaction ( 5E Pg 5Z Po) kinetics. (A) Five-component sequential model. (B) EADS with corresponding time constants for each spectrum in the legend. (C) Scaled EADS2 and EADS3 with respect to ESA band at ~45 nm, and the difference of scaled EADS3 EADS2. The teal curve in C is the Lumi-G spectrum as a visual aid. (D) Scaled EADS3 and EADS4 with respect to ESA band at ~45 nm, and the difference of scaled EADS4 EADS3 (cyan curve in D). The green curve in C and D is the Lumi-G spectrum as a visual aid. S

11 Figure S: Detailed comparison of primary reverse reaction (5E 5Z) photodynamics of (A) NpF264g7 and (B) NpF264g6. 2 The unfilled circles are the inverted ground-state Pg spectra. S

12 Figure S2: An alternative target model for the secondary (> ns) reverse ( 5E Pg 5Z Po) reaction dynamics. (A) Target model; (B) SADS; (C) concentration profiles. Note that the orange curve in the Panel B that represents Po Pg difference spectrum still has spectral features of Meta-Gf, making it a poorer fitting target model. S2

13 Figure S3: SADS of the (A) primary (< ns) and (B) secondary (> ns) photodynamics of the forward ( 5Z Po 5E Pg) reaction dynamics of NpF264g7 (unfilled circles: 5E Pg- 5Z Po spectrum). The branching target models and concentration profiles are shown in the Figures 3 and 4. S3

14 Figure S4: SADS of the (A) primary (< ns) and (B) secondary (> ns) photodynamics of the reverse ( 5E Pg 5Z Po) reaction dynamics of NpF264g7 (unfilled circles: 5Z Po- 5E Pg spectrum). The target models and concentration profiles are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7. References. Gottlieb, S. M., Kim, P. W., Corley, S. C., Madsen, D., Hanke, S. J., Chang, C. W., Rockwell, N. C., Martin, S. S., Lagarias, J. C., and Larsen, D. S. (24) Primary and Secondary Photodynamics of the Violet/Orange Dual-Cysteine NpF264g3 Cyanobacteriochrome Domain from Nostoc punctiforme, Biochemistry 53, Chang, C. W., Gottlieb, S. M., Kim, P. W., Rockwell, N. C., Lagarias, J. C., and Larsen, D. S. (23) Reactive Ground-State Pathways Are Not Ubiquitous in Red/Green Cyanobacteriochromes, Journal of Physical Chemistry B 7, S4