RFID Based Library Management System

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Melvin Richard
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1 RFID basd Library Maagmt Systm RFID Basd Library Maagmt Systm Abstract : Radi Frqucy Idtificati (RFID) is a w grati f Aut Idtificati ad Data cllcti tchlgy which hlps t autmat busiss prcsss ad allws idtificati f larg umbr f taggd bjcts lik bks, usig radi wavs. RFID basd Library Maagmt systm (LMS) wuld allw fast trasacti flw fr th library ad will prv immdiat ad lg trm bfits t library i tracability ad scurity. Th prpsd systm is basd UHF RFID radrs, supprtd with atas at gat ad trasacti sctis, ad library cards ctaiig RFID-traspdrs which ar abl t lctrically str ifrmati that ca b rad / writt v withut th physical ctact with th hlp f radi mdium. This papr prsts th xprimts cductd t st up RFID basd LMS. 1. INTRODUCTION RFID tchlgy is big implmtd i a umbr f idustris. Supply chai implmtati is prhaps f th mst frqutly mtid applicatis f RFID tags ad quipmt. Rtailrs such as Wal-Mart ad grcry strs such as Albrts s hav bgu t mak it madatry fr thir supplirs t tag mrchadis dstid fr thir strs. Thr is, hwvr, a ky diffrc t th library s ivtry as cmpard t that f a warhus r a rtail utlt. I th warhus ad rtail supply chai, gds cm i ad lav. Oly ccasially ar thy rturd. Th rtail sctr is lkig at RFID as a "thrw-away" tchlgy that hads a itm t a custmr which gts discardd. Yt th itm wis uit cst f icludig a RFID tag is much mr tha th cst f pritig a barcd a packag. I libraris, itms ar tak ut ad rturd may tims. Thus th sam RFID tag is r-usd may tims. [1] Th libraris acrss th glb startd t us RFID t spd up th slf chck i/ut prcsss, t ctrl th thft ad t as th ivtry ctrl i library. Th barcd tchlgy is slwly gttig rplacd by th RFID tchlgy. Th RFID tag ds t hav t b visibl fr dtcti. It ca b rad v wh it is mbddd i a itm, such as i th cardbard cvr f a bk r i th packagig f a prduct. It ca als str data such as stack umbr, accssi umbr, bk umbr, authr ifrmati tc., but barcd is limitd t just a idtificati umbr. Th papr prsts th study tak ad crrspdig xprimts cductd fr itgratig RFID t xistig LMS f CDAC. Th rmaiig sctis f this papr ar rgaizd as fllws: Scti II dscribs abut Library, th tasks ivlvd i that, prblms facd by librarias ad RFID s rl i autmatig sm f th tasks f library, Scti III dscribs abut th tchical spcificati f th hardwar ad tags usd i prjct (RFID basd LMS), Scti IV dscribs abut th mduls dvlpd i prjct, Scti V dscribs abut th xprimts cductd t fid ut th prpr tag psiti i bk ad Scti VI dscribs abut th bfits f th prjct. 2. RFID i Library A library is a cllcti f ifrmati, surcs, rsurcs, bks, ad srvics, ad th structur i which it is husd. Apart frm bks may libraris ar w als rpsitris Prcdigs f ASCNT 2009, CDAC, Nida, Idia, pp

2 ad accss pits fr maps, prits, r thr dcumts varius strag mdia such as micrfrm (micrfilm/micrfich), audi taps, CDs, LPs, casstts, vidtaps, ad DVDs. Libraris hav matrials arragd i a spcifid rdr accrdig t a library classificati systm, s that itms may b lcatd quickly ad cllctis may b brwsd fficitly. Rfrc stacks ar diffrt which has ly rfrc bks ad ly slctd mmbrs. [2] CDAC Library is a larg havig 17,000 bks ad staffd by bth paraprfssials ad prfssial librarias. Th fllwig ar th tasks t b prfrmd i th library. Circulati: hadlig usr accuts ad issuig/rturig ad shlvig f matrials. Cllcti, dvlpmt, rdr matrials, maitai matrials budgts. Tchical Srvics wrk bhid th scs catalguig ad prcssig w matrials ad d accssiig wdd matrials. Basic tasks i library maagmt iclud th plaig f acquisitis f matrials, arragig th acquird matrials accrdig t th library classificati, prsrvati f matrials th d accssiig f matrials, patr brrwig f matrials, ad dvlpig ad admiistrig library cmputr systms. Amg ths, th prpsd systm will autmat th fllwig tasks usig RFID tchlgy, Accssig umbr f bks at a tim Sarchig a particular bk t chck its prsc i th library Lcatig th physical lcati f th bk Accutig/Stck vrificati f th matrials Th RFID basd LMS facilitats th fast issuig, rissuig ad rturig f bks with th hlp f RFID abld mduls. It dirctly prvids th bk ifrmati ad library mmbr ifrmati t th library maagmt systm ad ds t d th

3 maual typig. It als prvids mitrig ad sarchig systm. Th mitrig mdul will ctiuusly mitr th mvmt f bks acrss th gats, s that th bks tak ut withut prir issuig will b tracd ut asily ad will alarm th librarias. Th sarchig mdul prvids th fast sarchig f bks usig RFID hadhld radr. Th physical lcati f th bks ca b asily lcatd usig this mdul. Utmst car has b tak t prvid fllwig faturs t th Library usig RFID tchlgy: T rmv maual bk kpig f rcrds Tracability f bks ad library mmbrs as thy mv Imprvd utilizati f rsurcs lik mapwr, ifrastructur tc. Lss tim csumpti as li f sight ad maual itracti ar t dd fr RFID-tag radig. T p r v i d 2 m t r s r a d r a g

4 a t a s T m i i m i z t h m a u a l i t r v t i T miimiz th maual rrrs T

5 p r v i d t h l g l a s t i g l a b l s T p r v i d f

6 a s t s a r c h i g f b k s 3. Tchical Spcificati Th prjct uss Wrkabut Pr UHF RFID hadhld radr (Fig 1) maufacturd by Psi Tklgix, pratig at MHz. It has Widws Embddd CE 5.0 ad full VGA, 224

7 RFID basd Library Maagmt Systm daylight radabl tuch scr display ad wll laid ut backlit kybard [3]. This dvic is usd fr sarchig Mdul. Fig.1. RFID Hadhld Radr Th prjct als uss th Mrcury4 RFID radr (Fig 2) maufacturd by ThigMagic supprtig fur atas, pratig at UHF rags f MHz, MHz ad MHz [4]. Th radr supprts th trasfr f data t a rmt cmputr vr a twrk ccti. Th radr d supprt tag prtcls f EPC Class 0, EPC Class 1, ISO B, EPC G2[3]. Th atas maufacturd by Tyc lctrics ar usd i this prjct. Fig.2. RFID Radr RFID Tags usd i th prjct ar EPCglbal Grati2 (G2) UHF passiv tags which hav th 96 bits mmry fr hxadcimal data strag. It prats at Ultra High Frqucy (850 MHz t 950 MHz ) rag. Frmat f strig ifrmati i RFID tag is giv i tabli: Tabl1. Frmat f Ifrmati I Tag Tag Dscripti Exampl Library Library mmbr tag ctais a 16 digit valu CDAC Mmbr whr first 7 charactrs ar CDAC001 Hr, is

8 Tag which will b fllwd by th 9 digit a Emply ID. Emply ID. Bk Tag Bk tag ctais 16 digit valus whr first CDACFF charactrs ar CDACFF fllwd by th 3 bk. if th bk umbr has lss tha 10 Hr, 123 is a bk digits, th it will b prfixd by 0 s. umbr. 3.1 Rass fr chsig UHF i Library Applicati UHF tchlgy was chs fr library applicati du t its lg rad rag, spd f frqucy ad lw cst. Th rad rag f mrcury 4 radr is up t 2 mtrs, which is sufficit t mitr th mvmt f bks acrss th gats. Th rad rag f psitklgix hadhld radr is up t 30 cms which will b usful fr lcatig a particular bk i a rack. With th w EPC Glbal G 2 stadard, vr 1000 tags ca b rad pr scd i applicatis whr thy ar isulatd frm RF is. UHF als has th pti t slw 225

9 dw th rad prcss t 100 tags pr scd with high rliability i RF isy applicatis. All f ths bfits mak th UHF tchlgy th idal chic fr Library applicatis.[5] 4. RFID Itgrati Mduls I rdr t prvid RFID itgrati with LMS, thr mduls amly - Trasacti Mdul, Mitrig Mdul ad Sarchig Mdul wr dvlpd. Thir fuctialitis ar dscribd blw Trasacti Mdul Th itracti f trasacti mdul is giv i (fig. 3).Th RFID itrfac is prvidd i th trasacti frms lik issu, rissu, rtur ad fi status frms. Th Maual itrvti is miimizd as th autmatic idtificati f bks ad library mmbrs will b achivd bcaus f RFID. Th bks ad mply ID cards shuld b placd ar th ata. Th tags will b scad by th radr ad th bk id ad th mply id will b trasmittd t th s/w mdul ruig i th libraria s PC ad which i tur will str th trasacti ifrmati i databas with timstamp. Databas Mrcury-4 RFID radr A N T LAN Libraria PC (LMS)

10 Fig.3. Itracti f Trasacti Mdul 4.2 Mitrig Mdul Th Mitrig Systm (fig 4) will b istalld at th gats f th library t mitr th icmig/utgig bags ctiuusly. Th Systm will cmmuicat with th Mrcury 4 RFID radr thrugh sckt usig RQL. Th radr scas th RFID tags attachd with th bks ad library mmbr cards ad will sd th tag IDs t th mitrig systm which i tur will sav that ifrmati i databas with timstamp. Th systm diffrtiats th bk IDs ad library mmbr IDs by chckig th frmat f th ID valu. Thr is a istat display systm which will ctiuusly display th mvmt f icmig/utgig bks/library-mmbrs. Th Systm alarms th librarias whvr thr is a mvmt at th gats withut prir issu. Mrcury-4 RFID radr A Gat A Databas Mitri N N g T T LA N Systm

11 226 Fig.4. Itracti f Mitrig Mdul

Usig RFID tags t track library bks culd icras scurity ad as labrius stck taks. Th RFID tag attachd with th bks ctais th bk umbr.

12 RFID bas d Libra ry Ma ag mt Syst m 4.3 Sarchig Mdul Th itracti f sarchig mdul is giv i fig.5. Oc a usr has lcatd a rsurc withi th catalg, thy must th utiliz avigatial guidac t rtriv th rsurc physically; a prcss that may b assistd thrugh RFID taggig. Usig RFID tags t track library bks culd icras scurity ad as labrius stck taks. Th RFID tag attachd with th bks ctais th bk umbr. Th bks will b sarchd with th hlp f th RFID hadhld radr usig ay f th paramtrs lik bk, bk am, authr am ad publishr am. If th bk. is dirctly giv as a sarchig paramtr, th clit s/w will start lcatig th bk immdiatly. Th bp sud will b giv as s as th particular bk is idtifid. If thr paramtrs lik bk am, authr am ad publishr ams ar giv as a sarchig cditi, th th clit s/w cmmuicats with th srvr prgram t gt th rquird bk id frm databas by matchig ths paramtrs. If mr tha bk, ar satisfyig th sarch cditi, th th libraria will b askd t slct a particular bk amg ths bks. Th mai bfit is that bks ca b chckd quickly usig a hadhld radr, rducig th stcktakig tim frm wks t half a day. RFID hadhld radr (Clit s/w) Wirlss /Wird ccti Libraria PC (Srvr s/w) LAN Databas RF

13 Fig.5. Itracti f Sarchig Mdul 5. Exprimts Psiti f Tags i Bks: Th mai mtiv f usig RFID tchlgy is t dcras th tim csumpti f vry task ad t gt 100% radability f tags. T achiv this, bst tag psiti has t b idtifid t mak sur that f th tags gts cmprmisd with radr i trms f gttig hidd by th huma bdy whil carryig th bks. Hc, diffrt tag psitis hav b tak it csidrati ad hav b chckd fr its radability. Thugh thr ar svral ptis t cmprmis th radr by hidig th tag dlibratly usig 227

14 alumiium matrial r ay kid f mtals tc., ur mtiv is t maximiz th radability f tags i rmal cditis. Diffrt pssibl tag psitis i a bk ar illustratd i figur6. T T A A Tag Psiti 1 Psiti 2 Psiti 3 Tag Tag T A Tag Psiti 4 Psiti 5 Psiti 6 Tag Tag Tag Psiti 7 Psiti 8 Psiti 9 Spi Tag Tag Fig.6. Diffrt Tag Psitis 5.1. Tst rsults f Mitrig Mdul: Sampl siz f 60 bks f diffrt sizs was tak ad chckd with all th tag psitis i th virmt f sigl ata kpt at th hight f 1.5 mtrs frm th grud. Simulati tst was cductd t fid ut th prctag f bks dtctd by RFID radr wh ppl wr mad t mv by hldig th

15 bks i diffrt ways acrss th gats. Th rsult is as shw i th tabl II. Tag Psiti Tabl2. tag Psiti - Mitrig Mdul Ttal Bks Rad % Avg. distac (cms) % % % % % % % % % 60 Wh sam tst was cductd with 2 atas at th tw sids f th gat, 100% dtcti was fud fr th tag psiti -7, ad 98% dtcti was fud fr th tag psiti-3, bth 228

16 RFID basd Library Maagmt Systm with th avrag maximum rad distac f 1.5 mtrs. Th prfrmac f th sftwar has b tud t rad th tags withi 2 scds which is th tim rmally ppl tak t crss th 1.5 mtrs distac i library Tst rsults f Sarchig Mdul: Th bks f diffrt sizs kpt i 8 racks hav b chckd with th diffrt tag psitis t fid ut th prctag f tags dtctd by th hadhld radr. Th rsult is as shw i th tabl-iii. Tabl3. Tag Psiti - Sarchig Mdul Tag Psiti Ttal Bks Rad % % % % % % % % % % Th rsults idicatd that tag psiti 1, 2, 5 ad 9 gav maximum prctag f 92%, 90%, 89% ad 96% rspctivly. But ths psitis did t hld gd fr th mitrig mdul as ths psitis ar pr t b hidd by huma had r bdy whil carryig th bks i th gat rgi f library. Basd cmpsit rsults frm Tabl II ad Tabl III, Tag psiti 7 is idtifid fr th fial dplymt f th prjct. RFID tags will b pastd i all bks i this psiti. 6. Bfits f RFID i Library: Tim savig, fast accssig f bks ad limiatig maual rrrs ar th mai bfits f th RFID i Library. Althugh RFID ca b usd i library ati-thft systms, this ds t ma that it is a highly scur tchlgy. RFID tags ca asily b shildd by a thick layr f Mylar, a fw shts f alumium fil, r v a alumium gum wrappr, s that thy w t

17 b dtctd by th radig dvic. Thr is, hwvr, sm pttial savigs bcaus a sigl tag srvs may diffrt fuctis. Th library savs sm tim i prcssig w itms bcaus it ly has t affix tchlgy t th itm. It may als sav sm my du t th itgrati f circulati ad scurity with a sigl vdr ad it a sigl systm. 7. Cclusi RFID i th library spds up bk brrwig, mitrig, bks sarchig prcsss ad thus frs staff t d mr usr-srvic tasks. But th prfrmac varis with rspct t th vdrs f RFID radrs ad tags. Th fficit utilizati f th tchlgy als dpds up th ifrmati t b writt i tag. Exprimtal rsults with rspct t ffctivss f RFID radr psiti, tag psiti ar prstd i th papr. Th wrk is i prgrss t stup th sam i CDAC library. Dvlpmts i RFID tchlgy ctiu t yild largr mmry capacitis, widr radig rags, ad fastr prcssig. 229

18 Ackwldgmt Th authrs ar thakful t Dr. Pam Rai Gupta ad Dr. Abhijit S, fr thir curagmt ad guidac fr succssful cmplti f th papr ad t Mr. Surish Bhra fr his ctiuus guidac ad supprt fr cductig varius xprimts rlatd t prjct. Rfrcs [1] Kar Cyl, Maagmt f RFID i Libraris, Prprit vrsi f articl publishd i th Jural f Acadmic Librariaship, v. 31,. 5, pp [2] - Library [last accssd 20/2/2009] [3] Psi Tklgix hadhld radr maual [last accssd 20/2/2009] [4] Mrcury 4 RFID radr maual [last accssd 20/2/2009] [5] UHF RFID Libraris takig th xt stp it th futur [last accssd 20/2/2009] Abut Authrs Ms. Dhaalakshmi M is wrkig as a prjct gir i mbddd systms dpt, CDAC Nida sic Sh has d hr Bachlrs i Cmputr Scic ad Egirig frm Madras Uivrsity, Idia ad currtly pursuig MBA at FMS, Dlhi Uivrsity, Idia. Hr aras f itrst iclud Sftwar Prgrammig, Embddd Systms, RFID Tchlgy tc.

Ms. Uppala Mamatha is wrkig as a ctract Egir-I i mbddd systms dpt, CDAC Nida sic 2007.

19 Ms. Uppala Mamatha is wrkig as a ctract Egir-I i mbddd systms dpt, CDAC Nida sic Sh has d hr Bachlrs i Elctrical & Elctrics Egirig frm Jawaharlal Nhru tchlgical Uivrsity, Idia i th yar Hr aras f itrst iclud java prgrammig, Embddd Systms ad RFID Tchlgis.

20 230

Bohr type models of the atom give a totally incorrect picture of the atom and are of only historical significance.

Bohr type models of the atom give a totally incorrect picture of the atom and are of only historical significance. VISUAL PHYSICS ONLIN BOHR MODL OF TH ATOM Bhr typ mdls f th atm giv a ttally icrrct pictur f th atm ad ar f ly histrical sigificac. Fig.. Bhr s platary mdl f th atm. Hwvr, th Bhr mdls wr a imprtat stp