INFLUENCE OF SIBERIAN CITIES WITH CHEMICAL AND DISPERSIVE AEROSOL

Transcription

1 INFLUENCE OF SIBERIAN CITIES WITH DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL LOADING ON CHEMICAL AND DISPERSIVE COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL V.G. Arshinova, B.D. Belan, T.M. Rasskazchikova, D.V. Simonenkov, and G.N. Tolmachev Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia

2 Purpose of the study: To investigate i influences of cites with different industrial loading on dispersive and chemical (contents of fions and elements) composition of atmospheric aerosol

3 Means The measurements in the atmosphere of urban and suburban areas by means of both aircraft-laboratory lb and d( (mobile) bil) stations, including synchronous surface measurements at ttwo sites - the background and nearby the city.

4 a) b) Aircraft-Laboratory Optic-E (a) based on Antonov-30 includes 1- air intake, and 3 air sampler for aerosol sampling on Petryanov s filters (b) with particle counters AZ-5 (12 canals in 0.4- >10 m range), disposed under them. In case of synchronous campaigns both surface measurement complexes included two similar samplers (photo - c) and AZ-5. c) Sampler on Kireevsk site, April 2001

5 Detection thresholds of the methods used for analysis of the atmospheric aerosol sampled on Petryanov s filters Сomponents Mthdf Method for determination DTh, g/filter Error, % NO 3-2-, SO 4 Ion chromatography 0,6 8 Cl - Ion chromatography 12 F -, NH 4+, NO - 3 Ionometry 0,2 10 Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Ti, Zn, B, Si Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) 0,02 20 Ag, Ba, Cu, Pb, Atomic emission 0,01 20 Sn, V, Mg, Mn spectroscopy (AES) Fe, Ga, W AES 20 Ca, Cd AES 02 0,2 20 Na +, K + Atomic absorption 0,2 10

6 Investigating influences of cites 1) free atmosphere 2) surface layer windward side airborne path N Backward trajectories 69,7 leeward side airborne path 69,5 69,3 City 69,1 68,9 86, , ,5 89 E

7 b 1) Relative chemical composition of aerosol on windward side (а 11,3 g/m 3 ) and leeward side (b 45,4 g/m 3 ) in m atmospheric layer of Norilsk industry region in November 2002 Ca 78% Cl - 5% SO 4 2-8% Si 1% NH 4 + 3% Pb 2% Mg 3% F - Cr 2% а Si 11% SO 4 2-8% + NH 4 Pb 2% Fe 10% 8% Al Na + 8% 3% Ca 2% Другие 17% NO 3 - Sb Cu 004% 0,04% Cl - 5% 33% Ti 0,08% Mn 0,0003% Fe Ni 0,4% Sn 0.25% 0,05% 0,4% Al K + 0,3% 0.05% Другие 3% Br - 0.4% Na % NO 3-0.9% B 0,02% Mo 0,004% H ng/m 3 Cu % 5% Br- 0,9% H + Sn 0,02% 1.3% 0.52 ng/m 3 Mo 0,06% F - Mg 0,5% Cr 0,02% Sb 0,38% Ti 0,08% Mn 0,27% Ni 0,08% 08% K + B 0.18% 0,01%

8 Relative chemical composition of aerosol on windward side (а 8,8 g/m 3 ) and leeward side (b 31,8 g/m 3 ) in m atmospheric layer of Norilsk industry region in August 2004 b NH % Al 5,4% NO 3 - a Ca 17% NH4' 9% Al 2% NO3' 8% Si 0,6% Fe 3,2% Cu 3,2% Na' 3,8% Mg 0,3% Zn 0,6% Ba 0,9% F' 5% Si 2,2% 06% 0,6% Cl' Pb Na + 3,5% Ba Br - 39% Mg 0,3% 0,3% 0,4% Ti 0,04% Fe 3,4% 0,3% Cu 2,6% Cr % 4,4% SO4'' 10% Pb 0,6% K' 0,9% Ni 0,05% Ti 0,2% Mn 0,04% Cr % Ag 0,04% Mo 0,01% Co Ве % 0,01% V 0,01% H' 0,5 ng/m 3 Ca 26% Cl - 20% SO % 3,4% Zn % F - 0,5% Ni K + 6% 1% Mn 0,06% 06% Mo 0,02% Ag 0,007% Co 0,03% Ве 0,002% V 0,002% H + 1,3 ng/m 3

9 Enrichment of inorganic chemical component into aerosol matter in passing air mass over Norilsk industry region 100,0 10,0 1,0 XI-2002 VIII-2004 Si Ni Ca Al Els Mn Mo Mg SO4'' Sum Fe Cu Ions Cr Cl' Pb Na' NO3' K' H' NH4' Sn Ba F' Ti

10 Dispersity of background and industry aerosol in different seasons in Norilsk region 10 N/ d November y = 0,21x -3,31 R 2 = 0, ,01 0,001 0,0001 y = 0,08x -3,37 R 2 = 0,97 Norilsk-entry Norilsk-exit 0, , ,0 d, m 10, , y = 0,44x -3,56 R 2 = 0,92 0,01 0,001 y = 1,29x -3,98 R 2 = 0,97 August 2004 Norilsk-entry Norilsk-exit 0, ,00001

11 Aerosol chemical matrix of Norilsk region 0,6 r m; 0,995 0,4 0,2 0-0,2-0,4-0,6-0, ,2 d, мкм 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,5 2,0 4,0 7,0 10,0 SO4'' Cl' Ca NH4' 0,6 r m; 0,995 0,4 0,2 0-0,2 d, мкм 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,5 2,0 4,0 7,0 10,0-0,4-0,6-0,8-1 Fe Cu K' Ni

12 Conclusion 1 The aerosol field over a big enough city with high industrial loading are determined by character of manufacture in significant ifi degree.

13 2) Sites, periods and statistics of synchro- nous sampling: Periods of synchronous sampling The number of sample pairs Synchronous measurements at two sites, the background one in the rural area of ftomsk region (nearby Kireevsk), and an urban one near the city of Tomsk (Akademgorodok)

14 Behaviour of mean-run sum of defined aerosol components. С, g/m 3 80 Tomsk 70 Kireevsk * 1998* 1999 fall spr * - without matrix element Al, Si; T standart deviation for the run

15 [Tomsk]/[Kireevsk] ratios for inorganic components in aerosol matter 1997 summer 1998 summer 1999 autumn 2000 summer 2001 spring 2002 summer Sum 1,11 0,75 1,42 1,03 3,64 3,17 Na + 0,97 1,82 0,62 8 1,54 1,63 K + 0,85 0,45 1,17 1,30 2,45 0,95 Ca 1,13 0,33 0,94 1,16 1,66 3,09 Br - 0,70-0,70 1,32 1,35 6,75 Mg 0,85 2,73 1,11 0,96 3,57 2,97 Cl - 0,56 2,31 2,16 1,74 1,24 6,71 Cr , , ,48 Ba 1,07 3,16 2,40 1,41 0,56 - Ti 1,92 4,11 1,04 1,31-2,73 Si - - 1,03 1,28 5,11 3,21 Fe 256 2, , , , ,95 Al - - 0,93 0,62 1,09 10,22 Mo 0,69 0,99 0,29 0,76 1,09 - V 1,65 1,38 1 1,26 0,53 - Cu 082 0, , , , , SO 2-4 1,18 0,92 2,33 1,12 0,91 0,90 NO - 3 1,67 1,03 1,54 1,07 1,16 4,26 NH + 4 9, ,39 0,96 0,58 Ni 043 0, , , , , ,23 Pb 1,07 5,00 1,81 1,45 1,68 1,68 F - 1,90 0,91-0,77 2,29 17,82 Mn 0,91 1,73 0,67 1,11 2,35 33,48

16 Dominating air transport in the region during the measurement (in % on synoptical maps АТ-700/850) summer summer autumn summer spring summer

17 Typical backward trajectories for autumn (1999) and spring g( (2001) measurement series

18 Means, standart deviations for aerosol component concentrations during autumn ( ) run Weather comments: Passage of a number of cold fronts with snow precipitations and intrusion of polar air masses presence of snow cover during all autumn run. Back behaviour: Br, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Ag

19 Ratio of enrichment for aerosol element on Fe ( >10 antropogenic origin criterium ) Tомск-99 Kиреевскр Si Na Al Cr Ti Mg V K Ca Mn Fe Ba Ni Mo Pb Cu Ag Br 1 0,01 0,001

20 Temporal course daily-mean ion-elemental sums of aerosol matter during March and April 2001 мкг/м Томск 100 Киреевск correlation between rows equal 0,314

21 Average values of aerosol matter chemical component during 2 subperiods of 2001 spring measurement runs

22 Behaviour of enrichment on iron Relative contents of «background» for polar air mass (Ni, Mo) antropogenic elements decrease in Kireevsk, but grow in Tomsk, in which, however, enrichment for Pb (always typical for urban air) falls on order of magnitude March 2001 Al Mg Na' Ti Fe Ca K' V Mn Ba Si Ni Cr Cu Pb B Mo Sn Br' April 2001 Tомск Kиреевск 10 1 Al Mg Na' Ti Fe Ca K' V Mn Ba Si Ni Cr Cu Pb B Mo Sn Br'

23 Dispersive composition of surface aerosol 10 dn/dr 1 0, (fall) Tomsk Kireevsk dn/dr 2001 (spring) 0,001 0,0001 0, , r, m r, m ,01 0,001 0,0001 Kir., March 0, Tomsk, March Kir., April Tomsk, April 0, ,

24 Correlation curves of distribution of a number of elements onto different size aerosol particles 0,6 Si (т) 0,5 Si (к) 0,4 0,3 0, ,2-0,3 0,5 0,4 0,3 0, ,2-0,3-0,4-0,5 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1, >10 0,6 Al (т) Al (к) 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1, >10 0,6 r 0,5 0,4 0,3 0, ,2-0,3-0,4-0,5 0,6 0,5 04 0,4 0,3 0, ,2-0,3 Pb (т) Pb (к) ,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1, >10 d, мкм Cu (т) Cu (к) 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1, >10

25 Correlation curves of distribution of a number of ions onto different size aerosol particles 0,9 0,8 Na' (т) Na' (к) 0,7 0,6 0,5 04 0,4 0,3 0,2 0-0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1, >10 0,6 NH4' (т) NH4' (к) 0,5 0,4 0,3 0, ,2 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1, >10 0, ,4 0,3 0, ,2 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1, >10 SO4'' (т) -0,3 SO4'' (к) 0,8 NO3' (т) 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0, ,2 NO3' (к) 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1, >10

26 Last conclusion The determining factors in the formation of aerosol field over a big enough city with low industrial loading are a previous history of air masses and a strength of erosion processes during summertime. The influence of the direct anthropogenic emissions from the city on the mesoscale variability of atmospheric aerosol is insignificant. As a whole aerosol disperse composition changes not much except for increase in the number density in the city. However, a significant transformation occurs in the structure of element and ion distribution ib ti by particles of different dispersion: i additional peaks of the concentration of heavy metals were found in the region of fine (d<0.5 m) and coarse (d>10 m) particles; a bias of peaks in the distribution ib ti of ions and elements of natural origin tends to the region of coarse particles

27 СПАСИБО ЗА ВНИМАНИЕ!