The metrics of mixed traffic noise: Results of simulated environment experiments

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1 mmuit: 9th Itrtil gr Ni Publi Hlth Prblm (IBEN) 8, Fxwd, h mtri f mixd trffi i: ult f imultd irmt xprimt Atuhi Ot 1, Shigri Ykhim, Akihir mur 1 1 Ykhm Ntil Uirit, 79- kiwdi Hdg Ykhm, Jp Kgw Prfturl Grmt Sh gi Prfturl Admiitrti tr, Nihi- Ywt Hirtuk, Jp rrpdig uthr : -mil: tt@u..jp INODUION Sm tp f i, idig trffi i, rilw i, d irrft i h priul b td idiidull. Hwr, it i l r t idr th mbid i rultig frm th ur bu ridt i urb r r ft xpd t th tp f i imultul. I pit f th tudi tht h idrd mbid i, i whih diffrt ti mdl h b prpd (Ollrhd 1978; Pwll 1979; Flidll 1983; V 199; Kku 1999), thr i littl grmt but whih mdl i th mt ffti (Gjtld 1997). I dditi, thr h l b fw tudi rrid ut pifill i Jp tht h idrd mbid i. It i thrfr imprtt t idr whthr th rult btid frm tudi rrid ut lwhr (idig i wtr utri) r pplibl t Jp, gi it diffrt ultur d th diffr i th trutur f it iti d hu. hi i d b ritigtig th fft f mbid i, thi tim i Jp, d lltig dditil ifrmti rltd t th tud. h im f thi tud i t idtif th mt ffti ti mdl fr mbid i. Fr thi purp, w dutd xprimt i th lbrtr d il ur rltig t th mbid i f til rilw d rd trffi i rrid ut frm t. I thi ppr, w fu th rult f xprimt rrid ut durig thi thr-r prid. OULINE OF HE EXPEIMENS Fur xprimt ( i, tw i d i ) wr rrid ut. h r rfrrd t Exprimt I t Exprimt IV i thi ppr. Exprimtl Prdur h xprimt wr rrid ut i imultd liig rm ltd t Ykhm Ntil Uirit (Figur 1). h ubjt wr kd t t mbid i imultig i mig frm utid widw. Figur hw th flw f th xprimt. h ubjt wr xpd t miut f timuli, d wr itrutd t t th i ftr th fi miut prid hd lpd. I th middl f th xprimt, th ubjt rtd fr 1-1 miut. h Simultd Liig m d th Atrm Figur 1 hw th lut f th imultd liig rm d th trm. h timuli (mbid i) wr prdud b pkr i th trm. h tw rm wr td b Frh widw d th urti th widw w ld. O f th xprimtr td i th liig rm d g itruti t th ubjt but th xprimt.

2 mmuit: 9th Itrtil gr Ni Publi Hlth Prblm (IBEN) 8, Fxwd, Subjt All f th ubjt wr tudt frm Ykhm Ntil Uirit, d tw ubjt prtiiptd i h xprimt. bl 1 hw th umbr f ubjt. h ubjt wr firmd hig rml uditr pit bd hrig tt. Durig th xprimt, th ubjt wr kd t rd bk i Exprimt I d II d t wth DVD i Exprimt III d IV t hlp idtif th fft f diffr i tiiti wh th i ti r rrid ut. h ubjt ltd DVD frm but titl whih ll hd tiuu ph. h ubjt wr kd t djut th m f th DVD plbk t th m ll t whih th wuld td t wth t hm. Durig th xprimt, th ubjt wr t llwd t hg th m, t mk igifit i, t pk r t tk p. Figur 1: h imultd liig rm d th trm Figur : h flw f th xprimt bl 1: h umbr f ubjt d th tiit rrid ut b th ubjt i h f th xprimt I II III IV h umbr f ubjt 3 h tiit dig bk dig bk Wthig DVD Wthig DVD Stimuli Figur 3- hw th ftuti i th timuli (i) d bl d 3 hw th utli f th timuli. h rd trffi i timuli d til rilw i timuli wr ditd frm rrdd ud ur d DVD ud ur. h ud, djutd t thr ll f m wr mixd, d igl ud (igl i) d mixd ud (mbid i) wr ud th timuli (bl II d III). I Exprimt IV, th umbr f tri pig b w d th ftuti i rd trffi i w mllr th th i Exprimt I-III. hi w t firm th fft f th ftuti f ud th ti f th i. Hwr, dtild diui but th fft f th ftuti i bd th p f thi ppr. h timuli wr pld bk rdml, d hlf f th ubjt wr xpd t th timuli i ir rdr t hlp miimiz pibl fft f rdr. I dditi, durig Exprimt II- IV, but 3 db f mbit i w pld bk tiuul bu it w fud t b xtrml quit iid th liig rm (l th db).

3 mmuit: 9th Itrtil gr Ni Publi Hlth Prblm (IBEN) 8, Fxwd, (db) til rilw d trffi () Figur 3: h ftuti f th timuli durig Exprimt I (L Aq,mi. =db) (db) () Figur : h ftuti f th timuli durig Exprimt II d III (L Aq,mi. =db) (db) () Figur : h ftuti f th timuli durig Exprimt IV (L Aq,mi. =db) bl : Outli d m f th timuli druig Exprimt I- III L Aq/ =db L Aq/ =db L Aq/ =db L Aq/ =db L Aq/ = db - L Aq/ =db / / / L Aq/ =db / / / L Aq/ =db / / / L Aq/ : quilt i ll f rd trffi, L Aq/ : quilt i ll f til rilw / w mittd frm Exprimt I bu th til i w t hrd. bl 3: Outli d m f th timuli durig Exprimt IV L Aq/ =db L Aq/ =db L Aq/ =db L Aq/ =db / / / L Aq/ =db / / / L Aq/ =db / / / Eti Mthd h ti ht (Figur ) wr dlird t th ubjt ftr xpur t h timu. h ubjt td th i irmt fr thr tgri: th ttl ud irmt, rd trffi i l d til rilw i l. h trm utmbil ud d tri ud wr ud t xpr rd trffi i d til rilw i t id xi pifi r f i frm th ubjt. Durig Exprimt I, th b thr tgri wr td bd d, ii d. Hwr, m f th ubjt rprtd tht th uld t mk dititi btw ii d. A rult, th thr ti tgri wr d bd d d ii r, d itrfr with rdig bk durig Exprimt II. Fr Exprimt III d IV, itrfr with wthig DVD w ud itd f itrfr with rdig bk. h rg f pibl ti r w -1.

4 mmuit: 9th Itrtil gr Ni Publi Hlth Prblm (IBEN) 8, Fxwd, tl ud irmt Lud ( ) A ( ) Nii ( ) Autmbil ud i thi ud irmt Lud ( ) A ( ) Nii ( ) ri ud i thi ud irmt Lud ( ) A ( ) Nii ( ) Exprimt I Figur : Exmpl f th ti ht tl ud irmt Lud ( ) Nii r A ( ) Itrfr with rdig bk ( ) (wthig DVD) Autmbil ud i thi ud irmt Lud ( ) Nii r A ( ) Itrfr with rdig bk ( ) (wthig DVD) ri ud i thi ud irmt Lud ( ) Nii r A ( ) Itrfr with rdig bk ( ) (wthig DVD) Exprimt II- IV ESULS AND DISUSSION h rult hw tht thr wr igifit diffr i th m ti r mg d, ii, d itrfr i f th xprimt. hrfr, w will fu ur diui th ti f i Exprimt I d ii r i Exprimt II- IV. Fr th k f impliit, wh diuig prtiulr i, th thr i will b rfrrd t bkgrud i. h rultig wr ttd fr igifit diffr t th % ll (P<.) ftr thi. tl L Aq d th Eti f th tl Sud Eirmt Figur 7 hw th rltihip btw th ttl L Aq d th rg f th ti t th ttl ud irmt i Exprimt I xmpl. Figur 8 hw th rult i Exprimt III. hrughut ll f th xprimt, th ti r hwd piti rrlti with th ttl L Aq. Hwr, thr wr mtim igifit diffr fud mg th ti t th m r pprximt L Aq. hrughut ll f th xprimt, th mbid i with prmit rilw i tdd t b fud t b l ig th th with prmit rd trffi i. Frm thi rult, it i rbl t upp tht mbid i hrdl b td bd ll L Aq. It i thught tht th r fr thi b xplid b ( l Figur 9):. Diffr i th d-rp rltihip btw diffrt trffi i (D-rp rltihip b diffrt btw h i tp). b. Itrti btw diffrt trffi i (O i h fft th ti f th thr i).. ltihip btw th ti f th ttl ud irmt d tht f h i (h fft f th ti f h i t th ttl ud irmt ti b diffrt btw h i tp).

5 mmuit: 9th Itrtil gr Ni Publi Hlth Prblm (IBEN) 8, Fxwd, f th ti 1 t 8 m ir d u l t t 3 f th ti 1 t 8 m ir d u l t t 3 L Aq/ttl (db) L Aq/ttl (db) Figur 7: h rltihip btw th ttl L Aq d th ti f th ttl ud irmt (Exprimt I) Figur 8: h rltihip btw th ttl L Aq d th ti f ttl ud irmt (Exprimt III) Eti f tl Sud Eirmt Eti f d rffi Ni d rffi Ni b Eti f til ilw Ni til ilw Ni Figur 9: Shmti digrm f th ti Diffr i th D-p ltihip btw Diffrt rffi Ni Figur 1-1 hw th rltihip btw th rg ti r f h i d th L Aq f h i i Exprimt II-IV wh th bkgrud i ll w db. Fr Exprimt II, fr ubjt rdig bk, thr wr igifit diffr fud btw th rd trffi i d th rilw i, xpt i th db rg, thugh til rilw i w fud t b lightl ig. Fr Exprimt III, wh th timuli wr th m th f Exprimt II but whr th ubjt wr wthig DVD, it w fud tht th diffr btw th rd trffi i d th rilw i wr igifit i th d db rg, d th rp fr rilw i w highr th tht fr rd trffi i. It w thught tht th litig diturb tdd t b mr r i th f rilw i, whih h lg durti d high pk. Fr Exprimt IV, th ftuti i th i wr diffrt frm th i Exprimt III, til rilw i w fud t b muh mr ig th rd trffi i. It i uppd tht thi i du t th rd trffi i whih w tdir th tht i Exprimt III. Frm thi w d tht th rltihip btw th ti d th i ll will b diffrt dpdig th tk big rrid ut b th litr. hi i bu th dgr t whih i i prid big ui diffr rdig t th hrtriti f th ftuti i th i ll.

6 mmuit: 9th Itrtil gr Ni Publi Hlth Prblm (IBEN) 8, Fxwd, It i lr tht it i t pprpirt t ppl th rult f lbrtr-bd tudi dirtl t th ti f i i th rl wrld. hi i bu th xpur i rl-wrld td t xtd r igifitl lgr prid f tim d u m diffrt itrfr fft. hrfr, it i l r t diu th rult f il ur t tblih ffti mbid i idx. 1 ti 8 L Aq (db) 1 ti 8 L Aq (db) Figur 1: h rltihip btw th L Aq f h i d th ti f h i (Exprimt II, bkgrud i: db) Figur 11: h rltihip btw th L Aq f h i d th ti f h i (Exprimt III, bkgrud i: db) 1 ti 8 L Aq (db) Figur 1: h rltihip btw th L Aq f h i d th ti f h i (Exprimt IV, bkgrud i: db) Itrti Efft btw Diffrt rffi Ni W w idr th itrti fft btw h tp f trffi i, i thr wrd, th fft f rd trffi i th ti f til rilw i d th fft f til rilw i th ti f rd trffi i. Figur 13 mpr th d-rp rltihip f rd trffi i btw th ll f til rilw i i Exprimt I, d Figur 1 mpr th d-rp rltihip f til rilw i btw ll f rd trffi i i Exprimt III. At gl, i m t h littl fft th ti f th thr i. N f th xprimt hwd biu id f itrti btw diffrt trffi i, thugh th d-rp rltihip wr t lw xtl th m fr th ll f bkgrud i, hw i Figur 1. Frm th rult, it b dd tht thr r igifit itrti fft. Hwr, it i till pibl tht itrti ur udr m pifi diti.

7 mmuit: 9th Itrtil gr Ni Publi Hlth Prblm (IBEN) 8, Fxwd, 8 1 ti f r d tr fi i Figur 13: ltihip btw L Aq/ d th ti f rd trffi i b ll grup f til rilw i (Exprimt I) 8 1 ti f ti l r ilw i Figur 1: ltihip btw L Aq/ d th ti f til rilw i b ll grup f rd trffi i (Exprimt III) ltihip btw th Eti f th tl Sud Eirmt d tht f Eh Ni Figur 1 d 1 hw th ti r fr th ttl ud irmt d th f h i. h figur uggt tht th ti f th ttl ud irmt pprximt tht f th mr ig i. Hwr, th ti r f th ttl ud irmt d th f th mr ig i wr t lw th m. 8 1 ti tl Figur 1: Eti f th ttl ud irmt d h i (Exprimt II) 8 1 ti tl Figur 1: h ti f th ttl ud irmt d h i (Exprimt III) Nxt, w will diu th rltihip btw th ti r f th ttl i irmt d th f h i r xprimt. h x-xi i Figur 17 hw th diffr i th ti r btw h i, (rd trffi i ti r) - (til rilw i ti r). d trffi i r mr ig i th right fild f th figur d til rilw i r mr ig i th lft fild. h -xi thi figur hw th diffr i th ti btw th ttl i irmt d h i, (h i ti r) - (ttl ud irmt ti r). I thr wrd, th ti r f h i r mr th th f th ttl ud irmt i th uppr fild f th figur d th ti r f th ttl ud irmt r mr th th f h i i th lwr fild. Nt tht thi figur l ti th rult f th igl i i Exprimt I-III.

8 mmuit: 9th Itrtil gr Ni Publi Hlth Prblm (IBEN) 8, Fxwd, Frm thi figur, w tht th ti f rd trffi i pprximt tht f th ttl ud irmt wh rd trffi i i muh mr ig th til rilw i. O th thr hd, wh til rilw i i muh mr ig th rd trffi i, th ti r f til rilw i i mr th tht f th ttl ud irmt, thugh th ti f til rilw i mr ll pprximt th ttl ud irmt th tht f rd trffi i. Wh th ti f rd trffi i d til rilw i r pprximt, bth ti f h i tribut t tht f th ttl ud irmt, d th ti r f th ttl ud irmt i lightl mr th tht f h i. ) - r ti i h ( t m ir l u d t (t -ttl -ttl ) r ti (rd trffi i ti r) - (til rilw i ti r) Figur 17: ltihip btw th ti f th ttl ud irmt d tht f h i ONLUSIONS mbid i t b td bd ll L Aq. h prid dgr f f h i dpd th dgr f th ui whih i fftd b th hrtriti f th i ftuti. Itrmittt i uh rilw i il u hlig itrfr. Hwr, wh th til rilw i i muh mr ig th th rd trffi i, th ttl ud irmt i t rgrdd big ig til rilw i. I thi tud, w wr ubl t fid biu id f itrti btw rd trffi i d til rilw i. EFEENES Flidll IH (1983). Prur Lq d multipl i ur: A mpri f xpur-rp rltihip fr rilw i d rd trffi i. J Sud Vibr 87: Gjtld (1997). Amt f i impt i multiur irmt. I: Itr-i 97: Kku J (1999). Stud th ti mthd f mbid i i irmtl impt mt b u f tw thiqu f lbrtr xprimt d il ur: Dtrl thi, Ok Uirit. Ollrhd JB (1978). Prditig publi rti t i frm mixd ur. I: Itr-i 78: Pwll A (1979). A ummti d ihibiti mdl f rp t multipl mmuit i ur. NASA hil Ppr 179. V J (199). A ud b imultu impul, rd-trffi, d irrft ud: A qutitti mdl. J Aut S Am 91:

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