Year 09 Science Learning Cycle 5 Overview

Transcription

1 e Year 09 Science Learning Cycle 5 Overview Learning Cycle Overview: Biology How do we keep your body healthy L Communicable (infectious) disease L Viral diseases L Bacterial diseases L Fungal diseases L Protist diseases L Human defence systems L Vaccination L Antibiotics and painkillers L Discovery and development of drugs Chemistry L Metal oxides The reactivity series L Extraction of metals and reduction L Alternative methods of extracting metals L Oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons L Reactions of acids with metals L Neutralisation of acids and salt production L16 L Soluble salts REQUIRED PRACTICAL Salt Production The ph scale and neutralisation Strong and weak acids

2 Physics Hypothesis 16 Hypothesis 17 Hypothesis 18 Hypothesis 19 How does radioactivity impact the world around us? Radioactive decay and nuclear radiation Nuclear equations Half-lives and the random nature of radioactive decay Radioactive contamination *Lessons in grey are higher tier only N.B. For required practicals, see Science/Planning Resources/Required Practicals Combined Science for more details.

3 Biology: How do we keep your body healthy? Intentions for learning from AQA GCSE Specification Lesson 1: All diseases can be passed onto other people? Keywords: communicable, infection, disease, pathogen Some diseases can be passed from one person to another Define the term pathogen and state the four main groups of pathogen. Explain how pathogens can be spread to plants or animals and cause infection. Describe the main differences between bacteria and viruses. Explain how the spread of disease can be reduced or prevented. Lesson 2: Diseases caused by viruses are hard to control Keywords: symptoms, transmission, viral, virus Some diseases are caused by viral pathogens and give examples of their transmission and symptoms prevention and treatment for measles, HIV and AIDS, salmonella and gonorrhoea. Describe colds and flu as viral diseases. Lesson 3: All bacteria are pathogens Keywords: bacteria, gonorrhoea Some diseases are caused by bacterial pathogens and give examples of their transmission and symptoms prevention and treatment for salmonella and gonorrhoea. Lesson 4: Only bacteria and viruses make you sick Keywords: fungal Some diseases are caused by fungal pathogens and give examples of their transmission and symptoms prevention and treatment for measles, athlete s foot. Describe athlete s foot as a fungal disease. Lesson 5: Some pathogens live in more than one organism Keywords: protist, mosquito, malaria Some diseases are caused by protist pathogens and give examples of their transmission and symptoms Describe the life cycle of the malarial protist. prevention and treatment for malaria. Lesson 6: Your body has one line of defence against pathogens Keywords: immune, immunity, antibodies, white blood cells Your body has many methods to attempt to kill pathogens getting in and causing you to become sick Describe the body s first line defences Explain how microbes make us feel ill and how viruses damage cells. Explain how the immune system defends against disease Describe what white blood cells do. Explain why antibodies are specific for one pathogen/ antigen. Lesson 7: Vaccines contain deadly pathogens Keywords: vaccines, vaccination, antigens, herd immunity Vaccinations are one way to allow an organism to be immune to a particular pathogen Describe what a vaccine contains. Explain how vaccines prevent disease. Explain the idea of herd immunity. Lesson 8: Antibiotics can sometimes be bad for humans Keywords: antibiotics, painkillers, bacterial Antibiotics are one way to kill some pathogens When not taken properly this can lead to the development of resistant strains Explain how antibiotics treat only bacterial diseases and how this has saved lives. Describe the problems associated with antibiotic resistance. Explain the difficulty in developing drugs that kill viruses without damaging body tissues. Give examples of painkillers and other medicines used to treat symptoms. Lesson 9: New drugs are difficult to develop Keywords: drugs, placebo, development

4 To ensure drugs are safe they must go through a rigorous development procedure State which drugs come from plants and microorganisms. Explain why drugs need to be tested before they can be prescribed. Describe the main steps in the development and testing of a new drug. Give reasons for the different stages in drug testing. Explain the terms placebo and double-blind trial. Chemistry: How can we describe chemical reactions? Intentions for learning from AQA GCSE Specification Lesson 1: All metals react with oxygen Keywords: oxide, displacement Lesson 2: All metal oxides can be reduced Keywords: reduced, extraction, ore Lesson 3: Low grade ores are worth extracting Keywords: bioleaching, phytomining, Lesson 4: Oxidation means gaining oxygen Keywords: electrons, OIL RIG Oxides are formed from metals reacting with oxygen The reactivity series determines what reactions can occur Recall what is meant by an oxide Describe what the reactivity series Explain how this predicts what reactions takes place Predict if reactions will occur dependent on displacement reactions Metals can be removed from their oxides through reduction Describe how formulas represent the atoms in a compound Calculate the relative masses of compounds using the formula Biological methods can be used to extract metals from their ores Success Criteria : Recall what is meant by the term mole Describe how to calculate the number of moles based on relative formula mass Calculate how many moles are in a sample Oxidation and reduction can describe the movement of electrons Describe how moles are represented in chemical equations Calculate the mass of products in a reaction from a known amount of reactants Calculate the mass of reactants required to get a set amount of product Predict why the amount of product is often less than expected

5 Lesson 5: All metals react with acids Keywords: balanced, equations, salt Acids react with metals and their compounds to create different products Recall what is meant by balanced Describe the method for balancing equations Balance a range of chemical equations Lesson 6: Neutral samples can be made (RP) Keywords: limiting, excess, neutral, filter Specific methods can be used to remove excess reactants to get pure products Recall what is meant by limited and excess Describe which of the two reactants controls yield Explain why excess reactants are needed Lesson 7: All acids are strong Keywords: ph, concentration, strong, weak, ionise Acids can neutralise alkalis, the amounts of each needed is dependent on their strength and concentration Recall what is meant by solute and solution Describe how to calculate concentration Calculate the concentration for a range of solutions Create solutions with specific concentrations Physics: How does radioactivity impact the world around us? Intentions for learning from AQA GCSE Specification Lesson 1: All radiation is the same. Keywords: Alpha, beta, gamma, ionising, Lesson 2: Nuclear equations are like chemical equations. Keywords: Balanced, daughter. Lesson 3: Isotopes disappear when they decay. Keywords: Becquerel. Lesson 4: Radioactive contamination is a communicable disease. Keywords: Contamination, irradiation, hazard. Key differences between the different types of nuclear radiation and how they re measured. Recall what is meant by radioactive decay. Recall the three types of nuclear radiation. Describe the structures of the types of radiation. Explain the properties of each type of radiation. How to balance nuclear equations. Recall how to represent nuclear radiation as symbols. Describe how the mass of an isotope is affected by nuclear decay. Explain how to balance nuclear equations. Evaluate the hypothesis. Half-life. Recall what activity is. Describe what half-life is. Explain how to determine the half-life of an isotope. Recall what radioactive contamination is. Describe the hazards associated with contamination and irradiation. Explain the precautions needed to protect against a radioactive hazard. Evaluate the impact of studies on radiation to the scientific community and the public.

6 Practical Opportunities Lesson Practical Opportunity Demonstration or experiment Details Run through needed? Materials Provided B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 Growing pathogens on agar Experiment At some point in these lessons, there is the option to grow pathogens on an agar plate and compare how washing hands makes a different ie. one plate per group for normal hands, one plate per group for washed hands Yes as this is all new to us all Agar plates Tape Markers for writing details on the plates Inoculating loops Bunsen burners Tiles B8 B9 C1 Double blind trial and placebo effect Class experiment Pupils take part in a double blind trial and end up seeing the placebo effect in action as none of the cups contain caffeine though some pupils will think they have been affected No but check you know how to carry it out Ten cups, five of water, five of caffeinated water labelled 1 to 10 Paper and pens C2 C3 C4 C5

7 C6 C7 P1 P2 Properties of radiation N/A Class activity Demonstrate penetration and ionising power. See slides for details No need to carry it out first but RA needed Paper Foil Lead Plastic balls P3 Half-life Class Activity Pupils will figure out the half-life of a sample. See slides for details. P4 N/A No need to carry it out first Coins Dinosaurs