Introduction HOWEVER

Transcription

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2 Regulations Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR ) Laboratory Standard (29 CFR ) National Fire Protection Association Environmental Protection Agency Uniform Building Code International Fire Code

3 Introduction Injury rates are highest during initial period of employment; injuries decrease with experience. In school laboratory setting where students experience new activities, the likelihood of incidents and injury is high. Students MUST be taught what can go wrong, how to prevent unplanned events from occurring, and what to do in case of an emergency. Part of the curriculum MUST address safety. HOWEVER, teachers are mandated to: observe, supervise, instruct, and correct student actions.

4 Definitions ( (c)) Hazardous Chemical Means any chemical that is a physical hazard or a health hazard.

5 Definitions Container: any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. Piping systems, and engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a vehicle are not considered to be containers. Exposure or exposed: means that an employee is subjected in the course of employment to a chemical that is a physical or health hazard; includes potential exposure.

6 Definitions Immediate use: means that the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from the labeled container, and only within the work shift in which it is transferred. Label: any written, printed, or graphic material displayed on or affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals. Work area: a room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employees are present.

7 Right To Know OSHA created the Hazard Communication Standard to help ensure your safety when working with hazardous chemicals. You have a RIGHT TO KNOW about the hazardous chemicals you use on the job, and about how to work safely with those chemicals.

8 Why Be Concerned? Health hazards Safety hazards Environmental harm Hidden costs = liability, lawsuits, fines

9 Managing Chemicals Minimize exposures: product substitution, reduced quantities, etc. Don't underestimate risks; risks are assessed, understood, and communicated. Use proper control measures: PPE, engineering controls, and administrative controls.

10 Chemical Hygiene Officer The Lab Standard requires that a Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) be designated to implement and maintain the Chemical Hygiene Plan. The CHO should maintain a master inventory of all lab and storage areas. However, each individual lab and storage area must also maintain an inventory.

11 Responsibilities Chemical manufacturers must: determine a chemical s hazards, and provide labels and MSDSs. Employers must: provide a hazard communication program, maintain MSDSs, and train on hazardous materials. Employees must: read labels and MSDSs, follow employer instructions and warnings, identify hazards before starting a job, and participate in training.

12 Teachers Responsibilities Lead by example. Teach safety as part of the curriculum. Follow and enforce safety rules, procedures, and practices. Promote a culture of safety. Make safety a value.

13 Teachers Responsibilities Conduct regular inspections of safety and first aid equipment (document). Notify administration in writing of hazardous or potentially hazardous conditions. Never use defective equipment.

14 Prepare To Purchase Chemicals Establish a procurement plan. Create a centralized program and tracking system. Determine if a safer, less hazardous chemical can be used. Determine if facilities permitting proper storage of chemicals and sufficient ventilation are available. Determine if the proper PPE and safety equipment are on hand when the chemical is in use. Determine if the chemical or its end product will require disposal as hazardous waste. Order minimum quantities. Order ONLY what will be used within a school year (or a shorter time period).

15 Chemical Tracking Establish a database of chemicals in the laboratory; have one person in charge. Cradle-to-grave : from the time they are purchased to the time they are used and discarded. Conduct inventory to purge any inaccurate data in the system and dispose of outdated, unneeded, or deteriorated chemicals following the written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP). Obtain and maintain all Material Safety Data Sheets.

16 Chemical Tracking

17 Storage Room Must-Haves Spill control and clean-up materials Master control shut-off valves for gas, water, and electricity Smoke detector (tested regularly) Forced ventilation from floor to ceiling with exhaust above roof level Safety cabinets for specific groups of compatible substances Communications channel to the main office or emergency center

18 Storage Room Must-Haves (Fire Extinguisher) Fire extinguisher quick checks shall include at least the following items (NFPA ): Fire extinguishers are located in designated place. Access and visibility are unobstructed. Operating instructions on nameplate are legible and are facing forward. Safety seals and tamper indicator are not broken or missing. Fullness is determined by weighing or hefting. Extinguishers are examined for obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, and clogged nozzles. Pressure gauge reading or indicator is in operable range or position. Inspections occur monthly and annually.

19 Storage Room Must-Haves Meets ANSI Z Is at least six inches from the wall or nearest obstruction. Has heads from floor. Is able to treat both eyes with water flow for at least 15 minutes. Is activated for at least three minutes every month. Is inspected annually. Has free and unobstructed path and use zone. (Eye Wash Station)

20 Storage Room Must-Haves (Shower) Meets ANSI Z Has heads from floor. Has spray pattern with minimum diameter of 20 at 60 above floor. Has clearance of at least 16 from center of spray pattern. Is activated monthly. Is inspected annually. Has free and unobstructed path and use zone.

21 Labeling No unlabeled container should be present in the laboratory at any time.

22 Labeling Use labels with good adhesive. Use permanent marker. Print legibly. Replace damaged, faded, or semi-detached labels.

23 Labeling When chemicals are transferred from the original manufacturer s container to another container, the latter is referred to as a secondary container. Label all secondary containers with: chemical name (as it appears on the MSDS), name of manufacturer, concentration or purity, date prepared, and expiration or use by date.

24 Labeling Containers in immediate use that are to be used within a day or session: (1) chemical name (as it appears on the MSDS); (2) how to handle; and (3) hazard information.

25 Labeling Chemical waste containers should be labeled as follows: WASTE or HAZARDOUS WASTE, chemical name (as it appears on the MSDS), accumulation start date, and hazard(s) associated with the waste.

26 Chemical Storage

27 Chemical Storage Criteria for storage area: Chemicals are stored inside closeable cabinets or on sturdy shelves with a front-edge lip (3/4 ) to prevent accidents and spills. Shelving is secured to the wall or floor. Storage areas have doors that lock. Storage areas are off limits to students. Storage areas are adequately ventilated.

28 Chemical Storage Organization: Organize chemicals first by COMPATIBILITY, not by alphabetic succession. Store chemicals alphabetically within compatible groups.

29 Chemical Storage Chemical segregation: Store acids in a dedicated acid cabinet. Store nitric acid alone. Store highly toxic chemicals in a dedicated, lockable poison cabinet that has been labeled with a highly visible sign. Store volatile and odoriferous chemicals in a ventilated cabinet. Store flammables in an approved flammable liquid storage cabinet. More than 10 gallons of flammable/combustible liquids must be in cabinet. Storage in flammable cabinet must not exceed design quantities (e.g., 60 gallons). Cabinets should be properly vented if potential exists for buildup of hazardous vapors. Store water-sensitive chemicals in a water-tight cabinet in a cool and dry location segregated from all other chemicals.

30 Chemical Storage Storage don ts: Don't place heavy items, liquid chemicals, or large containers on high shelves. Don't store chemicals on top of cabinets. Don't store chemicals on the floor (even temporarily). Don't store items on bench tops or in fume hoods (except when in use). Don't store chemicals on shelves above eye level. Don't store chemicals with food or drink. Don't store chemicals in food storage refrigerators. Don't expose stored chemicals to direct heat or sunlight, or to highly variable temperatures.

31 Chemical Storage

32 Chemical Storage Proper use of chemical storage container: Never use food containers for chemical storage.

33 Chemical Storage Proper use of chemical storage container: Make sure all containers are properly closed or stopped.

34 Chemical Storage Proper use of chemical storage container: After each use, wipe down the outside of the container with a paper towel before returning it to storage. Properly dispose of the paper towel after use.

35 The Flinn Chemical Catalog Reference Manual suggests organic and inorganic groupings that are further sorted into compatible families. The compatible families suggested are: Metals, hydrides Inorganic Halides, sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates, phosphates, halogens Amides, nitrates (except ammonium nitrate), nitrites, azides, nitric acid Hydroxides, oxides, silicates, carbonates, carbon Sulfides, selenides, phosphides, carbides, nitrides Chlorates, perchlorates, perchloric acid, chlorites, hypochlorites, peroxides, hydrogen peroxide Arsenates, cyanides, cyanates Borates, chromates, manganates, permanganates Acids (except nitric) Sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic, phosphorus pentoxide Organic Acids, anhydrides, peracids Alcohols, glycols, amines, amides, imines, imides Hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes Ethers, ketones, ketenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethylene oxide Epoxy compounds, isocyanates Peroxides, hydroperoxides, azides Sulfides, polysulfides, sulfoxides, nitriles Phenols, cresols

36 Flinn Suggested Shelf Storage Pattern for Inorganics Inorganic #10 Arsenic, phosphorous, phosphorous pentoxide, sulfur Inorganic #2 Halides, halogens, phosphates, sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates Inorganic #7 Arsenates, cyanates, cyanides STORE AWAY FROM WATER. Inorganic #5 Carbides, nitrides, phosphides, selenides, sulfides Inorganic #3 Amides, azides, nitrates, nitrites EXCEPTION: STORE AMMONIUM NITRATE AWAY FROM ALL OTHER SUBSTANCES. Inorganic #1 Hydrides, metals STORE AWAY FROM WATER. STORE ANY FLAMMABLE SOLIDS IN A DEDICATED CABINET. Inorganic #4 Carbon, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, silicates Inorganic #8 Borates, chromates, manganates, permanganates Inorganic #6 Chlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites, hydrogen peroxide, perchlorates, perchloric acid, peroxides Miscellaneous

37 Flinn Suggested Shelf Storage Pattern for Organics Organic #2 Alcohols, amides, amines, imides, imines, glycols STORE FLAMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET. Organic #8 Cresols, phenol Organic #3 Aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons STORE FLAMMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET. Organic #6 Azides, hydroperoxides, peroxides Organic #4 Ethers, ethylene oxide, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketenes, ketones STORE FLAMMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET. Organic #1 Acids, anhydrides, peracids STORE CERTAIN ORGANIC ACIDS IN ACID CABINET. Organic #5 Epoxy compounds, isocyanates Miscellaneous Organic #7 Nitriles, polysulfides, sulfides, sulfoxides, etc. Miscellaneous

38 Material Safety Data Sheet Section I Section II Section III Section IV Section V Section VI Section VII Section VIII Section IX Chemical name and manufacturer info List of hazardous ingredients Physical data to identify the substance (appearance/odor) Firefighting and extinguishing info Health effects Reactive info Clean-up and waste disposal info Personal protective equipment Special handling precautions

39 NFPA Chemical Hazard Label

40 Goals For Chemical Storage Removal of hazardous or excess chemicals No future accumulation of excess or hazardous chemicals Training in proper safety precautions for all personnel HOUSEKEEPING

41 Goals For Chemical Storage Housekeeping field day ; particular consideration and attention should be given to: disposal of any unused/ unneeded materials, reorganization of storage areas, removal or correction of electrical and fire code violations, and general cleaning of work surface areas.

42 Safety Guidelines Know which chemicals you work with. Read the labels. Follow all established safety policies and procedures for chemical handling and storage. Use the proper personal protective equipment. Wash your hands before eating, drinking, applying make-up, etc.

43 Goals For Chemical Storage L A B S A F E T Y Label everything Appropriate containers in good condition Be neat and orderly Store only what you will use within the school year Always wear protective clothing Food allowed in eating areas only Everything in its place Time to inventory & organize Your safety is important