Radiation Friend or Foe? Saturday Physics for Everyone 7 Oct 2017 Kevin Pitts
|
|
- Marian Cummings
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Radiation Friend or Foe? Saturday Physics for Everyone 7 Oct 2017 Kevin Pitts
2 Thank you Toni for 14 years of Saturday Physics, and your service to our students. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) link 2
3 Outline What is radiation? Discuss different types Where we encounter radiation How does radiation affect us? The good and the bad 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 3
4 Question Would you eat food that has been irradiated? What s scary about radiation? 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 4
5 Radiation Definition: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high energy particles that cause ionization. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 5
6 Radiation Definition: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high energy particles that cause ionization. Radiation carries energy Energy example: slow/fast car, slow/fast bus 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 5
7 Radiation Definition: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high energy particles that cause ionization. Radiation carries energy Energy example: slow/fast car, slow/fast bus 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 5
8 Radiation Definition: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high energy particles that cause ionization. Different types: EM or subatomic particles 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 5
9 Radiation Definition: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high energy particles that cause ionization. High energy radiation causes ionization 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 5
10 Radiation Definition: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high energy particles that cause ionization. Start with electromagnetic waves. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 5
11 Electromagnetic Spectrum Faraday cage and radio 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 11
12 Infrared heat radiation IR camera The Predator could see Arnold in the infrared 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 12
13 Infrared radiation Objects radiate in the infrared It s a way to cool off! Any ideas about what else cools itself by emitting IR radiation? 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 13
14 Electromagnetic Spectrum microwave Non-ionizing. Energy too low to break atomic bonds 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 14
15 Can cell phones cause brain cancer? Cell phone frequency bands About 10 9 Hz (1 GHz) 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 15
16 Electromagnetic Spectrum microwave Non-ionizing. Energy too low to break atomic bonds Ionizing! 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 16
17 Ionizing radiation DNA double helix Can break chemical bonds Can break DNA strands Mutations! Can be: bad (cancer, birth defects) or good (cancer treatment, polymer creation) Fortunately, for DNA we have autocorrect. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 17
18 X rays Penetrate very deeply (great for imaging!) Ionizing enough energy to break bonds Radiation dose from 1 x ray tiny 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 18
19 Ultraviolet radiation is ionizing UV exposure (not visible or IR) can cause skin cancer. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 19
20 More radiation, more cancers Linear effect: bigger dose, cancer more likely Measured (mostly) from atomic bombs Sv = Sievert 100 rem=1 Sv Typical person (per year): 300mrem=0.3rem=0.003Sv 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 20
21 Radiation Definition: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high energy particles that cause ionization. Radiation carries energy Energy example: slow/fast car, slow/fast bus Different types: EM or subatomic particles High energy radiation causes ionization 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 21
22 Radioactivity When atoms (nuclei) produce radiation. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 22
23 Alpha decay Geiger counter Alpha particle is really a helium nucleus. Helium safe (balloons! squeaky voices!) so why is alpha radiation potentially dangerous? 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 23
24 Beta radiation TV+magnet Beta particle is really an electron. Electrons safe (electricity!) so why is beta radiation potentially dangerous? Example: 14 C 14 N + 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 24
25 Radiation from space Earth s atmosphere and magnetic field protect us from cosmic radiation. Cloud chamber Link link 7-Oct-2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 25
26 National Research Council At the present time, given current knowledge, the level of radiation astronauts would encounter would not allow a human crew to undertake a Mars mission and might also seriously limit long term Moon activity. International Space Station astronauts receive a radiation dose that is 27 times higher than we receive on Earth s surface. The ISS is still protected by Earth s magnetic field and upper atmosphere. 7-Oct-2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 26
27 Radiation Radiation would be sufficient to kill humans in long duration space flight, unless an acceptable shielding method was developed. Perhaps other beings might be less susceptible to radiation effects. 7-Oct-2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts 27
28 Sources/Defenses Estimate your annual dose. Many sources of radiation Natural: radon, cosmic rays, rocks Artificial: X rays, nuclear medicine, consumer products Earth constantly bombarded by cosmic rays which produce both primary and secondary radiation. Atmosphere (plus Earth s magnetic field) provide excellent radiation shield. What if you have less atmosphere to shield you? You get more radiation airplane employees, astronauts Our skin is also a good radiation shield. Alpha and most beta particles stopped by skin, only do damage if ingested. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 28
29 Radiation therapy Take advantage of cancer cells dividing quickly. Small particle accelerator produces narrow beam of x rays. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 29
30 Proton therapy Less common, more complicated & expensive But can be effective for deep tissue cancer 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 30
31 A bigger accelerator 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 31
32 Other radiation applications Accelerator based radiation used for: Computer chips (iphone, PC) Car tires Diapers Shrink wrap (meat packaging) Furniture finish Other ideas under development Safe nuclear reactors (ADS) Stronger concrete All safe! No residual radioactivity. More than 30,000 accelerators in use worldwide, producing radiation for applications. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 32
33 Conclusion Radiation is both friend and foe Different types of radiation exist Some are inherently safe (non ionizing) Some can be unsafe, although still often helpful Lots of things to be concerned about, radiation should not be high on your list. 7 Oct 2017 Saturday Physics Kevin Pitts (kpitts@illinois.edu) 33
Core Questions Physics unit 4 - Atomic Structure
Core Questions Physics unit 4 - Atomic Structure No. Question Answer 1 What did scientists think about atoms before the discovery of the They were tiny spheres that could not be broken up electron? 2 Which
More informationRadiation: What it is and what it does
Radiation: What it is and what it does Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, Ph.D. Associate Chair of Nuclear Engineering at Idaho State University with joint appointment at Idaho National Laboratory Candace C. Davison,
More informationCollege Physics B - PHY2054C
College - PHY2054C Physics - Radioactivity 11/24/2014 My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building Review Question 1 Isotopes of an element A have the same number of protons and electrons,
More informationCh Radioactivity. Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896.
Ch. 10 - Radioactivity Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896. Radioactivity the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy
More informationNotes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry
Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are
More informationUNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY student version www.toppr.com Contents (a) Types of Radiation (b) Properties of Radiation (c) Dangers of Radiation (d) Rates of radioactive decay (e) Nuclear
More information((Radiation )) أيهمدغيم. Ionizing RadiationNon-ionizing radiation. This is the last sheet for Dr. Madi s lectures & its number is ((22)).
((Radiation )) This is the last sheet for Dr. Madi s lectures & its number is ((22)). This sheet contains (Slides and recording).. So I did my best to let you not refer to slides. First of all, there is
More informationRadiation Basics. Candace C. Davison, M.Engr. Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, Ph.D.
Radiation Basics Candace C. Davison, M.Engr. Research & Education Specialist Pennsylvania State University Radiation Science and Engineering Center Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, Ph.D. Assistant Prof of Nuclear
More informationINAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD LECTURE 1 RADIATION PHYSICS DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD 232 - LECTURE 1 RADIATION PHYSICS DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM Radiation: It is defined as the process by which energy is emitted from a source and propagated through the surrounding
More informationPS-21 First Spring Institute say : Teaching Physical Science. Radioactivity
PS-21 First Spring Institute say 2012-2013: Teaching Physical Science Radioactivity What Is Radioactivity? Radioactivity is the release of tiny, highenergy particles or gamma rays from the nucleus of an
More informationResearch Physicist Field of Nuclear physics and Detector physics. Developing detector for radiation fields around particle accelerators using:
Christopher Cassell Research Physicist Field of Nuclear physics and Detector physics Developing detector for radiation fields around particle accelerators using: Experimental data Geant4 Monte Carlo Simulations
More informationNuclear Spectroscopy: Radioactivity and Half Life
Particle and Spectroscopy: and Half Life 02/08/2018 My Office Hours: Thursday 1:00-3:00 PM 212 Keen Building Outline 1 2 3 4 5 Some nuclei are unstable and decay spontaneously into two or more particles.
More informationUnit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes
St Ninian s High School Chemistry Department National 5 Chemistry Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes Name Learning Outcomes After completing this topic you should be able to :
More informationThere are no stable isotopes of elements above atomic number 83.
Nuclear Chemistry Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation. All
More informationRadiation Response and Removals: Getting Down to the Nitty Gritty. 15 th Annual OSC Readiness Training Program
Radiation Response and Removals: Getting Down to the Nitty Gritty 15 th Annual OSC Readiness Training Program www.oscreadiness.org 0 Radiation Fundamentals Tony Honnellio Health Physicist U.S. EPA, Region
More informationUNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY teacher version www.toppr.com Contents (a) Types of Radiation (b) Properties of Radiation (c) Dangers of Radiation (d) Rates of radioactive decay (e) Nuclear
More informationUnit 12: Nuclear Chemistry
Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry 1. Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation.
More informationINAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD LECTURE 1 RADIATION PHYSICS DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD 232 - LECTURE 1 RADIATION PHYSICS DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM LECTURES & CLASS ACTIVITIES https://inayacollegedrmohammedemam.wordpress.com/ Password: drmohammedemam 16-02-2015
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE MODULE 7 NATURE OF LIGHT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM When white light passes through a prism, it spreads out into a rainbow of colours, with red at one end and
More information10.1 RADIOACTIVE DECAY
10.1 RADIOACTIVE DECAY When Henri Becquerel placed uranium salts on a photographic plate and then developed the plate, he found a foggy image. The image was caused by rays that had not been observed before.
More informationAim:How can we determine the particles emitted from radioactive
Aim:How can we determine the particles emitted from radioactive decay? Nuclear Stability: The larger (more massive) a nucleus is, the harder it is for it to stay together. Natural transmutation (natural
More informationRadiation Awareness Training. Stephen Price Office of Research Safety
Radiation Awareness Training Stephen Price Office of Research Safety Purpose This training is intended for Clemson University Faculty, Staff or Students who do not work directly with radioactive materials
More informationRadioisotopes. alpha. Unstable isotope. stable. beta. gamma
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons Strong forces (nuclear force) hold nucleus together Protons in nucleus have electrostatic repulsion however, strong
More informationsample What happens when we are exposed to radiation? 1.1 Natural radiation Cosmic radiation
1.1 Natural radiation 3 1 What happens when we are exposed to radiation? 1.1 Natural radiation For as long as humans have walked the earth, we have continually been exposed to naturally-occurring radiation.
More informationTopic 8: Beyond Light
Topic 8: Beyond Light The Sun is the most abundant source of direct natural light on the Earth. There are other forms of energy, invisible, that are also supplied by this source. The tiny band of visible
More informationInteraction of the radiation with a molecule knocks an electron from the molecule. a. Molecule ¾ ¾ ¾ ion + e -
Interaction of the radiation with a molecule knocks an electron from the molecule. radiation a. Molecule ¾ ¾ ¾ ion + e - This can destroy the delicate balance of chemical reactions in living cells. The
More informationLecture 11. Half-Lives of Various Nuclides. Radioactive decays are all first order processes. Professor Hicks Inorganic Chemistry (CHE152)
Lecture 11 Professor Hicks Inorganic Chemistry (CHE152) Radioactive decays are all first order processes Half-Lives of Various Nuclides Nuclide Half-Life Type of Decay Th-232 1.4 x 10 10 yr alpha U-238
More informationRadioactivity. Ernest Rutherford, A New Zealand physicist proved in the early 1900s a new model of the atom.
Radioactivity In 1896 Henri Becquerel on developing some photographic plates he found that the uranium emitted radiation. Becquerel had discovered radioactivity. Models of the Atom Ernest Rutherford, A
More informationS CIENCE O VERVIEW. 40 Lesson Plan. Standards Benchmarks. Science Overview. Lesson Overview. Answer Key. Resources. Radiation Exposure ME S S EN G ER
S CIENCE O VERVIEW comes across as something mysterious. We cannot feel it, hear it, smell it, and apart from visible light, even see it, but it can be useful in our lives or cause us harm. On Earth, in
More informationRadiation Protection Fundamentals and Biological Effects: Session 1
Radiation Protection Fundamentals and Biological Effects: Session 1 Reading assignment: LLE Radiological Controls Manual (LLEINST 6610): Part 1 UR Radiation Safety Training Manual and Resource Book: Parts
More informationChapter 10. Table of Contents. Section 1 What Is Radioactivity? Section 2 Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Section 3 Nuclear Radiation Today
Nuclear Chemistry Table of Contents Section 1 What Is Radioactivity? Section 2 Nuclear Fission and Fusion Section 3 Nuclear Radiation Today Section 1 What Is Radioactivity? Bellringer Before studying about
More informationUnit 6 Nuclear Radiation Parent Guide. What is radioactivity and why are things radioactive?
Unit 6 Nuclear Radiation Parent Guide What is radioactivity and why are things radioactive? The nucleus of an atom is comprised of subatomic particles called protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 21. Nuclear Chemistry. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 21, Inc. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Energy: Chemical vs. Chemical energy is associated with making and breaking chemical bonds. energy is enormous in comparison.
More informationChapter 21
Chapter 21 http://youtu.be/kwasz59f8ga Nuclear reactions involve the nucleus The nucleus opens, and protons and neutrons are rearranged. The opening of the nucleus releases a tremendous amount of energy
More informationWhat happens during nuclear decay? During nuclear decay, atoms of one element can change into atoms of a different element altogether.
When Henri Becquerel placed uranium salts on a photographic plate and then developed the plate, he found a foggy image. The image was caused by rays that had not been observed before. For his discovery
More information4.4 Atomic structure Notes
4.4 Atomic structure Notes Ionising radiation is hazardous but can be very useful. Although radioactivity was discovered over a century ago, it took many nuclear physicists several decades to understand
More informationRadiation Basics. Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, PhD Idaho State University/Idaho National Laboratory. ANS Teachers Workshop Anaheim, CA November 2014
Radiation Basics Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, PhD Idaho State University/Idaho National Laboratory ANS Teachers Workshop Anaheim, CA November 2014 Medicine/Health Voyager Soda Can Bugs What we ll cover... Atomic
More informationState the position of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom
2.1 The Atom 2.1.1 - State the position of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom Atoms are made up of a nucleus containing positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, with negatively charged
More informationWHAT IS IONIZING RADIATION
WHAT IS IONIZING RADIATION Margarita Saraví National Atomic Energy Commission - Argentina Workshop on Ionizing Radiation SIM Buenos Aires 10 November 2011 What is ionizing radiation? What is ionizing radiation?
More informationScience 30 Unit C Review Outline GCCHS. Negatively charged Positively charged Coulomb Conductor Electric potential difference
Science 30 Unit C Review Outline GCCHS Negatively charged Positively charged Coulomb Conductor Electric potential difference volt voltage Insulator Test body Gravitational field Field lines Solar wind
More informationChapter. Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions 01 Chapter 22 Slide 2 Chapter 22 Slide 3 Alpha Decay: Loss of an α-particle (a helium nucleus) 4 2 He 238 92 U 234 4 U He 90 + 2 Chapter 22 Slide 4 Beta Decay:
More informationRadiation Safety Training Session 1: Radiation Protection Fundamentals and Biological Effects
Radiation Safety Training Session 1: Radiation Protection Fundamentals and Biological Effects Reading Assignment: LLE Radiological Controls Manual (LLEINST 6610) Part 1 UR Radiation Safety Training Manual
More informationName Date Class NUCLEAR RADIATION. alpha particle beta particle gamma ray
25.1 NUCLEAR RADIATION Section Review Objectives Explain how an unstable nucleus releases energy Describe the three main types of nuclear radiation Vocabulary radioisotopes radioactivity radiation alpha
More informationNational 5. Waves and Radiation. Summary Notes. Name:
National 5 Waves and Radiation Summary Notes Name: Wave Parameters and Behaviours Transverse Waves A water wave is a transverse wave. The direction of vibration is at right angles to the direction of wave
More informationU (superscript is mass number, subscript atomic number) - radionuclides nuclei that are radioactive - radioisotopes atoms containing radionuclides
Chapter : Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity nucleons neutron and proton all atoms of a given element have the same number of protons, atomic number isotopes atoms with the same atomic number but different
More informationIndustrial Hygiene: Assessment and Control of the Occupational Environment
Industrial Hygiene: Assessment and Control of the Occupational Environment Main Topics Air Pollution Control Analytical Methods Ergonomics Gas and Vapour Sampling General Practice Heat and Cold Stress
More informationParticles involved proton neutron electron positron gamma ray 1
TOPIC : Nuclear and radiation chemistry Nuclide - an atom with a particular mass number and atomic number Isotopes - nuclides with the same atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers (A) Notation A Element
More informationNumber of protons. 2. What is the nuclear symbol for a radioactive isotope of copper with a mass number of 60? A) Cu
Chapter 5 Nuclear Chemistry Practice Problems 1. Fill in the missing information in the chart: Medical Use Atomic Mass symbol number Heart imaging 201 Tl 81 Number of protons Number of neutrons Abdominal
More informationA Nuclear Power Plant
A Nuclear Power Plant Fallout from Chernobyl The question that all countries asked in 1986, and continue to ask to this day: Could it happen here? Radioactivity Np Pu+ 239 239 0 93 94 1 Beta decay the
More informationLecture 1 Bioradiation
1 1 Radiation definition: Radiation, when broadly defined, includes the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves : radiowaves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, and x-rays and particles.
More informationChapter 2. Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry. Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry page 1
Chapter 2 Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry page 1 Atoms & Elements Part 0: Atomic Structure An Introduction Electrostatics an underlying force throughout chemistry
More informationCHEMISTRY Topic #1: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 2.3 to 2.6
CHEMISTRY 1000 Topic #1: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 2.3 to 2.6 Balancing Nuclear Reactions mass number (A) atomic number (Z) 12 6 C In an ordinary
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Mass Defect. E=mc 2. Radioactivity. Types of Radiation. Other Nuclear Particles. Nuclear Reactions vs. Normal Chemical Changes
1 Nuclear Chemistry Mass Defect 4 Some of the mass can be converted into energy Shown by a very famous equation! E=mc 2 Energy Mass Speed of light Radioactivity 2 Types of Radiation 5 One of the pieces
More information21/11/ /11/2017 Atomic Structure AQA Physics topic 4
Atomic Structure AQA Physics topic 4 4.1 Atoms and Isotopes The structure of the atom ELECTRON negative, mass nearly nothing The nucleus is around 10,000 times smaller then the atom! NEUTRON neutral, same
More informationName: COMBINED SCIENCE Topics 4, 5 & 6 LEARNING OUTCOMES. Maintain a record of your progress Use the booklet to guide revision
Name: COMBINED SCIENCE Topics 4, 5 & 6 LEARNING OUTCOMES Maintain a record of your progress Use the booklet to guide revision Close the Gap Contemporary record of the Topics / Learning outcomes that I
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Background Radiation. Three-fourths of all exposure to radiation comes from background radiation.
Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry Background Radiation Three-fourths of all exposure to radiation comes from background radiation. Most of the remaining one-fourth comes from medical irradiation such as X-rays.
More informationRADIATION SAFETY. Working Safely with Radiation
RADIATION SAFETY Working Safely with Radiation 12 NOV 2015 Dr. Raed Felimban Department of Transfusion Medicine King Abdul-Aziz University E-mail: felimbanr@yahoo.com KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY How most
More informationUnit 5 Physical Science Radioactivity Answer Key
Unit 5 Physical Science Radioactivity Answer Key Page 198 1. True 2. False: The higher the frequency is, the higher the energy is. 3. True 4. False: Energy increases as frequency increases. 5. False: The
More informationIsotopes. An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons.
Nuclear Chemistry Isotopes An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons. Most elements have several isotopes Some are unstable and emit radiation
More informationIsotopes. An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons.
Nuclear Chemistry Isotopes An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons. Most elements have several isotopes Some are unstable and emit radiation
More informationSection 3: Nuclear Radiation Today
: Nuclear Radiation Today Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Where is Radiation? Beneficial Uses of Nuclear Radiation Risks of Nuclear Radiation Nuclear Power Key Ideas Where are we exposed to radiation? What
More informationIsotopes of an element have the same symbol and same atomic number - Mass number refers to the protons plus neutrons in an isotope
7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay Natural background radiation exists all around us. This radiation consists of high energy particles or waves being emitted from a variety of materials Radioactivity
More informationNuclear Chemistry Unit
Nuclear Chemistry Unit January 28th HW Due Thurs. 1/30 Read pages 284 291 Define: Radioactivity Nuclear Radiation Alpha Particle Beta Particle Gamma Ray Half-Life Answer: -Questions 1-3 -Write the symbols
More informationLECTURE 26 RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY. Instructor: Kazumi Tolich
LECTURE 26 RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY Instructor: Kazumi Tolich Lecture 26 2 30.4 Radiation and radioactivity Alpha decay Beta decay Gamma decay Decay series Nuclear radiation is a form of ionizing radiation
More informationAPPENDIX A RADIATION OVERVIEW
Former NAVWPNSTA Concord, Inland Area APPENDIX A RADIATION OVERVIEW Draft ECSD-3211-0005-0004 08/2009 This page intentionally left blank. Draft ECSD-3211-0005-0004 08/2009 APPENDIX A RADIATION OVERVIEW
More informationThe basic structure of an atom is a positively charged nucleus composed of both protons and neutrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
4.4 Atomic structure Ionising radiation is hazardous but can be very useful. Although radioactivity was discovered over a century ago, it took many nuclear physicists several decades to understand the
More informationIntroduction to Ionizing Radiation
Introduction to Ionizing Radiation Bob Curtis OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center Supplement to Lecture Outline V. 10.02 Basic Model of a Neutral Atom Electrons(-) orbiting nucleus of protons(+) and neutrons.
More informationAtomic Structure and Radioactivity
Atomic Structure and Radioactivity Models of the atom know: Plum pudding model of the atom and Rutherford and Marsden s alpha experiments, being able to explain why the evidence from the scattering experiment
More informationBASIC OF RADIATION; ORIGIN AND UNITS
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD 243 - LECTURE 2 BASIC OF RADIATION; ORIGIN AND UNITS DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM LECTURES & CLASS ACTIVITIES https://inayacollegedrmohammedemam.wordpress.com/ Password: drmohammedemam
More informationRadioactivity pp Topic 9: Nuclear Physics Ch. 10. Radioactivity. Radioactivity
Topic 9: Nuclear Physics Ch. 10 pp.244-249 results from radioactive decay, which is the process in which unstable atomic nuclei transform and emit radiation. has existed longer than the human race. Unstable
More information12/1/17 OUTLINE KEY POINTS ELEMENTS WITH UNSTABLE NUCLEI Radioisotopes and Nuclear Reactions 16.2 Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation
OUTLINE 16.1 Radioisotopes and Nuclear Reactions 16.2 Biological Effects of Nuclear Radiation PET scan X-ray technology CT scan 2009 W.H. Freeman KEY POINTS Radioactivity is the consequence of an unstable
More informationElectromagnetic Waves. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Electromagnetic Waves. CH 27-Physics (B) Fall, 2010
Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Spectrum CH 27-Physics (B) Fall, 2010 Electric and magnetic fields always exist When ever one is. the other is The fields can exist in a... They are at. o to each
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 19 Modern Physics Nuclear Physics Nuclear Reactions Medical Applications Radiation Detectors Chapter 29 http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~alan/2140website/main.htm 1 Lightning
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lightning Review Lecture 19 Modern Physics Nuclear Physics Nuclear Reactions Medical Applications Radiation Detectors Chapter 29 http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~alan/2140website/main.htm
More informationThe greater the frequency the greater the energy. Thus ordering in increasing frequency is equivalent to ordering in increasing energy;
Exercise F.1.1 Answers 1. Radio Waves λ = 100m f = c/λ = 3 10 8 /100 = 3 10 6 Hz X-rays λ = 1nm f = c/λ = 3 10 8 /1 10-9 = 3 10 17 Hz Gamma rays Infrared f = 3 10 19 Hz f = 100GHz = 100 10 9 Hz The greater
More informationRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SCIENCE 10 EARTH SCIENCE ENERGY
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SCIENCE 10 EARTH SCIENCE ENERGY LESSON 1: RADIATION RADIATION Radiation is energy given off by matter in the form of electromagnetic rays or high-speed particles. Radiation can be
More informationDifferentiating Chemical Reactions from Nuclear Reactions
Differentiating Chemical Reactions from Nuclear Reactions 1 CHEMICAL Occurs when bonds are broken or formed. Atoms remained unchanged, though may be rearranged. Involves valence electrons Small energy
More informationNuclear Radiation. Natural Radioactivity. A person working with radioisotopes wears protective clothing and gloves and stands behind a shield.
Nuclear Radiation Natural Radioactivity A person working with radioisotopes wears protective clothing and gloves and stands behind a shield. 1 Radioactive Isotopes A radioactive isotope has an unstable
More informationRadiation Safety Talk. UC Santa Cruz Physics 133 Winter 2018
Radiation Safety Talk UC Santa Cruz Physics 133 Winter 2018 Outline Types of radiation Sources of radiation Dose limits and risks ALARA principle Safety procedures Types of radiation Radiation is energy
More information4.4.1 Atoms and isotopes The structure of an atom Mass number, atomic number and isotopes. Content
4.4 Atomic structure Ionising radiation is hazardous but can be very useful. Although radioactivity was discovered over a century ago, it took many nuclear physicists several decades to understand the
More informationThe sources include Am-241 which emits alpha radiation, Sr-90 which emits beta radiation and Co-60 which emits gamma radiation.
1 The physics department in a college has a number of radioactive sources which are used to demonstrate the properties of ionising radiations. The sources include Am-241 which emits alpha radiation, Sr-90
More informationLECTURE 26 RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY
LECTURE 26 RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY 30.4 Radiation and radioactivity Decay series Nuclear radiation is a form of ionizing radiation 30.5 Nuclear decay and half-lives Activity Radioactive dating Radiocarbon
More informationSAVE PAPER AND INK!!!
SAVE PAPER AND INK!!! When you print out the notes on PowerPoint, print "Handouts" instead of "Slides" in the print setup. Also, turn off the backgrounds (Tools>Options>Print>UNcheck "Background Printing")!
More informationLIGHT WAVES AND PARTICLES
LIGHT WAVES AND PARTICLES THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM The light we see is only a tiny part of a much larger set of transverse waves. Like all waves, these carry energy without moving matter Although they
More informationNuclear forces and Radioactivity. Two forces are at work inside the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear forces and Radioactivity Two forces are at work inside the nucleus of an atom Forces act in opposing directions Electrostatic repulsion: pushes protons apart Strong nuclear force: pulls protons
More informationNuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion Fission
Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive
More informationRevision checklist. Step Learning outcome Had a look Nearly there Nailed it!
Radioactivity a Atomic models Describe the structure of an atom (in terms of nucleus and electrons). State where most of the mass of an atom is found. State the sizes of atoms and small molecules. Describe
More informationDosimetry. Sanja Dolanski Babić May, 2018.
Dosimetry Sanja Dolanski Babić May, 2018. What s the difference between radiation and radioactivity? Radiation - the process of emitting energy as waves or particles, and the radiated energy Radioactivity
More informationElectromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) It is kind of energy with wave character ( exactly as sea waves ) that can be characterized by : Wavelength ( ) : The distance between two identical points on the wave.
More informationNotes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry
Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Notes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry www.mrpalermo.com Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most
More informationNuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion fission
Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive
More informationRadioactivity: the process by which atoms emit energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, charged particles, or uncharged particles.
Radioactivity: the process by which atoms emit energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, charged particles, or uncharged particles. In 1896, Henri Bequerel discovered that uranium and other elements
More informationQuestions on Nuclear Physics MS
Questions on Nuclear Physics MS 1. Sketch graph: Acceptably shaped exponential decay curve drawn (1) Activity halving every 8 days (1) 2 80 Activity/MBq 60 40 20 0 Description and differences I contains
More information1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW
1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY PLEASE) 1. Mass defect is the difference between the mass
More informationChapter 7 - Radioactivity. Science 10 P
Chapter 7 - Radioactivity Science 10 P286-328 What is Radiation? Radiation is: anything that radiates away from something. Radiation may be in the form of: particles (neutrons, alpha particles, and beta
More informationChapter 3. Radioactivity. Table of Contents
Radioactivity Table of Contents Introduction 1. Radioactivity 2. Types of Radioactive Decays 3. Natural Radioactivity 4. Artificial Radioactivity 5. The Rate of Radioactive Decay 6. The Effects of Radiation
More information6-4 Atomic structure Physics
6-4 Atomic structure Physics.0 Figure shows a helium atom. Figure. Use the words in the box to label the diagram. electron neutron proton.2 An alpha particle is the same as the nucleus of a helium atom.
More informationRadiation and Radioactivity. PHYS 0219 Radiation and Radioactivity
Radiation and Radioactivity 1 Radiation and Radioactivity This experiment has four parts: 1. Counting Statistics 2. Gamma (g) Ray Absorption Half-length and shielding 3. 137 Ba Decay Half-life 4. Dosimetry
More informationNuclear physics and radioactivity: Biological &Medical Applications. By Assoc. Prof. Wannapong Triampo, Ph.D.
Nuclear physics and radioactivity: Biological &Medical Applications By Assoc. Prof. Wannapong Triampo, Ph.D. Assoc. Prof. Wannapong Triampo, Ph.D Room R3/1 SC3 Building, Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Science,
More informationName: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 21 REVIEW Nuclear Chemistry SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Based on the information about the three elementary particles in the text, which has
More information