Isotopes. An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Isotopes. An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons."

Transcription

1 Nuclear Chemistry

2 Isotopes An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons. Most elements have several isotopes Some are unstable and emit radiation They vary in the number of neutrons. This changes their atomic mass.

3 Isotope Notation Oxygen-16 has 8 protons and 8 neutrons Oxygen-17 has 8 protons and 9 neutrons Oxygen 18 has 8 protons and 10 neutrons

4 Forms of Energy The five main forms of energy are: Heat Chemical Electromagnetic Nuclear Mechanical

5 Nuclear Radiation Many elements can change through radioactivity. -Radioactive elements have unstable nuclei. -Radioactive elements can decay. Emit radiation Can become a different isotope of the same element Can become a different element!

6 Alpha Particle Types of Radiation Helium nucleus with a + 2 charge The largest radioactive particle Don t penetrate very deep Beta Particle A fast moving electron -1 charge Can travel through paper, but wood or aluminum will stop it. Gamma Particle Tiny and too small to measure (like photons) No charge Travel through clothes and even walls

7 EVR3019/Nuclear_Waste.ppt

8

9 Alpha decay Alpha particle has a mass of protons and 2 neutrons --Mass goes down by 4 --Atomic # goes down by 2 9

10 Beta decay Beta particle has a tiny mass. -- A neutron is converted to a proton --Mass stays the same --Atomic # goes up by Th 234 Pa + e beta particle 10

11 Gamma radiation No change in atomic or mass number 11 B 11 B boron atom in a high-energy state 11

12 Comparison of Chemical and Nuclear Reactions Chemical Reactions Occur when bonds are broken or formed Involve only valence electrons Associated with small energy changes Atoms keeps same identity although they may gain, lose, or share electrons, and form new substances Temperature, pressure, concentration, and catalysts affect reaction rates Nuclear Reactions Occur when nuclei combine, split, & emit radiation Can involve protons, neutrons, & electrons Associated with large energy changes Atoms of one element are often converted into atoms of another element Temperature, pressure, and catalysts do not normally affect reaction rates

13 Radiation Composition & Symbol Is shielded or stopped by? Alpha 2 p+ and 2 n 0 paper Beta Stream of high speed e- Clothing, wood Gamma Very high energy electromagnetic radiation Concrete, lead

14 Nuclear Fission A heavy nucleus splits into more stable nuclei of intermediate mass.

15 Little Boy and Fat Man

16 Atomic Bombs Atomic bombs are an example of Fission Reactions. Little boy and Fat man were Atomic bombs made from fission reactions with uranium and plutonium respectively. A fission chain reaction is started and continues until the bomb destroys itself.

17 Nuclear Fusion Low-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus.

18 Hydrogen Bombs Hydrogen bombs are an example of nuclear fusion. Two isotopes of hydrogen, 2 H and 3 H, fuse together and produce a lot of energy in the process. H-bombs release significantly more energy than atomic bombs.

19 The Sun: Nuclear Fusion Sun H 2-1e He 1 2+ Energy Four hydrogen nuclei (protons) Two beta particles (electrons) One helium nucleus

20 Comparing Fission and Fusion

21 Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion

22 Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion A heavy atom splits into two or more lighter nuclei Ex: Atomic Bombs & Nuclear reactors Release huge amounts of energy Produce nuclear waste High temp and pressure are used to combine light atoms to make heavier atoms Ex: Fuels the sun and stars & Hydrogen Bombs

23 map: Nuclear Energy Institute Nuclear Power Plants

24 Nuclear Power Plants Uranium-235 undergoes nuclear fission and releases thermal (heat) energy. This turns water to steam which spins turbines. The turbines produce electrical energy. Nuclear waste is fuel rods with unreacted uranium and radioactive products of fission.

25 Did You Know?

26 cb /schools/images/0/0b/chart.jpg

27 Half-Life The time needed for one-half of the nuclei in a radioisotope to decay and emit their radiation to form a different isotope Half-time emitted Uranium million yrs alpha, gamma Plutonium yrs alpha, gamma During operation, nuclear power plants produce radioactive wastes, including some that remain dangerous for tens of thousands of years

28 Relative Doses from Radiation Sources cstl-cst.semo.edu/bornstein/bs105/ Energy%20Use%20-%203.ppt

29 Effects of Radiation Genetic damages: from mutations that alter genes Genetic defects can become apparent in the next generation Cellular damages: to tissue, such as burns, miscarriages & cancers

30

Isotopes. An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons.

Isotopes. An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons. Nuclear Chemistry Isotopes An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons. Most elements have several isotopes Some are unstable and emit radiation

More information

Nuclear Chemistry Unit

Nuclear Chemistry Unit Nuclear Chemistry Unit January 28th HW Due Thurs. 1/30 Read pages 284 291 Define: Radioactivity Nuclear Radiation Alpha Particle Beta Particle Gamma Ray Half-Life Answer: -Questions 1-3 -Write the symbols

More information

Chapter 25. Nuclear Chemistry. Types of Radiation

Chapter 25. Nuclear Chemistry. Types of Radiation Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry Chemical Reactions 1. Bonds are broken and formed 2. Atoms may rearrange, but remain unchanged 3. Involve only valence electrons 4. Small energy changes 5. Reaction rate is

More information

UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY REVIEW: ISOTOPE NOTATION An isotope notation is written as Z A X, where X is the element, A is the mass number (sum of protons and neutrons), and Z is the atomic number. For

More information

Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes

Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes St Ninian s High School Chemistry Department National 5 Chemistry Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes Name Learning Outcomes After completing this topic you should be able to :

More information

Chapter 21

Chapter 21 Chapter 21 http://youtu.be/kwasz59f8ga Nuclear reactions involve the nucleus The nucleus opens, and protons and neutrons are rearranged. The opening of the nucleus releases a tremendous amount of energy

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Chapter 24

Nuclear Chemistry. Chapter 24 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 24 Radioactivity Radioisotopes are isotopes that have an unstable nucleus. They emit radiation to attain more stable atomic configurations in a process called radioactive decay.

More information

Nuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion fission

Nuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion fission Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive

More information

Alta Chemistry CHAPTER 25. Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications

Alta Chemistry CHAPTER 25. Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications CHAPTER 25 Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry deals with changes in the nucleus The nucleus of an atom contains Protons Positively Charged

More information

The Electromagnetic Spectrum. 7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay. Isotopes. 19K, 19K, 19K Representing Isotopes

The Electromagnetic Spectrum. 7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay. Isotopes. 19K, 19K, 19K Representing Isotopes 7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay Natural background radiation exists all around us. Radioactivity is the release of high energy particles or waves When atoms lose high energy particles and waves,

More information

Nuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion Fission

Nuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion Fission Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive

More information

2 Energy from the Nucleus

2 Energy from the Nucleus CHAPTER 4 2 Energy from the Nucleus SECTION Atomic Energy BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is nuclear fission? What is nuclear fusion? What

More information

UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY student version www.toppr.com Contents (a) Types of Radiation (b) Properties of Radiation (c) Dangers of Radiation (d) Rates of radioactive decay (e) Nuclear

More information

Friday, 05/06/16 6) HW QUIZ MONDAY Learning Target (NEW)

Friday, 05/06/16 6) HW QUIZ MONDAY Learning Target (NEW) Friday, 05/06/16 1) Warm-up: If you start with 100g of a radioactive substance, how much will be left after 3 half-lives? 2) Review HW & Nuclear Notes 3) Complete Modeling Energy Investigation 4) Complete:

More information

UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY teacher version www.toppr.com Contents (a) Types of Radiation (b) Properties of Radiation (c) Dangers of Radiation (d) Rates of radioactive decay (e) Nuclear

More information

Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry

Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are

More information

Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy.

Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy. Nuclear Reactions & Energy Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy. Fission = the splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei, subatomic particles

More information

Unit 6 Nuclear Radiation Parent Guide. What is radioactivity and why are things radioactive?

Unit 6 Nuclear Radiation Parent Guide. What is radioactivity and why are things radioactive? Unit 6 Nuclear Radiation Parent Guide What is radioactivity and why are things radioactive? The nucleus of an atom is comprised of subatomic particles called protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive

More information

Isotopes Atoms of an element (same # p+) that differ in their number of neutrons

Isotopes Atoms of an element (same # p+) that differ in their number of neutrons Isotopes Atoms of an element (same # p+) that differ in their number of neutrons Radio-isotopes Isotope of an element that is UNSTABLE. They spontaneously emit particles (energy) in order to achieve a

More information

Journal 14. What is so dangerous about nuclear energy?

Journal 14. What is so dangerous about nuclear energy? Journal 14 What is so dangerous about nuclear energy? Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Bravo 15,000 kilotons Discovery of Radiation Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen had discovered X rays Pierre & Marie Curie

More information

Inner Transition Metals

Inner Transition Metals 1 Inner Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals The inner transition metals are found in the f-block, usually put at the bottom of the Periodic Table. These elements were sometimes

More information

Term 3 Week 2 Nuclear Fusion & Nuclear Fission

Term 3 Week 2 Nuclear Fusion & Nuclear Fission Term 3 Week 2 Nuclear Fusion & Nuclear Fission Tuesday, November 04, 2014 Nuclear Fusion To understand nuclear fusion & fission Nuclear Fusion Why do stars shine? Stars release energy as a result of fusing

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Transmutations and the Creation of Elements

Nuclear Chemistry. Transmutations and the Creation of Elements Nuclear Chemistry Transmutations and the Creation of Elements Nuclear Fusion When two smaller elements are fused together to form a larger element. Fusion is Hard! There are two competing forces in an

More information

Chapter 7 Review. Block: Date:

Chapter 7 Review. Block: Date: Science 10 Chapter 7 Review Name: KEY Block: Date: 1. Radioactivity is the release of high-energy particles and rays from a substance as a result of changes in the nuclei of its atoms.. _Natural background

More information

Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity

Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity Nuclear Energy Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity I. Review - Periodic Table A. Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom B. Atomic Mass: The sum of the mass of protons, neutrons

More information

Interaction of the radiation with a molecule knocks an electron from the molecule. a. Molecule ¾ ¾ ¾ ion + e -

Interaction of the radiation with a molecule knocks an electron from the molecule. a. Molecule ¾ ¾ ¾ ion + e - Interaction of the radiation with a molecule knocks an electron from the molecule. radiation a. Molecule ¾ ¾ ¾ ion + e - This can destroy the delicate balance of chemical reactions in living cells. The

More information

Nuclear Chemistry Review Packet

Nuclear Chemistry Review Packet Name Date Nuclear Chemistry Review Packet 1. The ratio of stability is (1) proton : neutron (2) neutron : proton (3) proton : positron (4) beta : proton 2. Which nuclear reaction is classified as alpha

More information

Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity

Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all of the properties of that element. Composition

More information

Chapter 37. Nuclear Chemistry. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.

Chapter 37. Nuclear Chemistry. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. Chapter 37 Nuclear Chemistry Copyright (c) 2 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. 37. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off

More information

Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry

Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry 1. Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation.

More information

The diagram below shows a radioactive isotope going through several half-lives as it decays.

The diagram below shows a radioactive isotope going through several half-lives as it decays. By what process do most stars release energy? A. Electromagnetic induction resulting from strong magnetic fields B. Radioactivity in the interior of the star C. Nuclear fusion in the interior of the star

More information

Notes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry

Notes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Notes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry www.mrpalermo.com Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most

More information

Ch Radioactivity. Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896.

Ch Radioactivity. Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896. Ch. 10 - Radioactivity Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896. Radioactivity the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy

More information

and have low penetrating power) Alpha particles are released through alpha decay. Beta Particles: An electron that comes from a nucleus through

and have low penetrating power) Alpha particles are released through alpha decay. Beta Particles: An electron that comes from a nucleus through TOPIC 13: Nuclear Chemistry 1. When the atomic nucleus of one element is changed into the nucleus of a different element, the reaction is called transmutation. Stability of a Nucleus: Any element containing

More information

Isotopes of an element have the same symbol and same atomic number - Mass number refers to the protons plus neutrons in an isotope

Isotopes of an element have the same symbol and same atomic number - Mass number refers to the protons plus neutrons in an isotope 7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay Natural background radiation exists all around us. This radiation consists of high energy particles or waves being emitted from a variety of materials Radioactivity

More information

SCIENCE 10: (7.1) ATOMIC THEORY, ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Name: Date: Block: (Textbook Reference pp in BC Science 10) into an

SCIENCE 10: (7.1) ATOMIC THEORY, ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Name: Date: Block: (Textbook Reference pp in BC Science 10) into an SCIENCE 10: (7.1) ATOMIC THEORY, ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Name: Date: Block: (Textbook Reference pp. 286-301 in BC Science 10) Natural background radiation: It has the ability to interact with an

More information

Differentiating Chemical Reactions from Nuclear Reactions

Differentiating Chemical Reactions from Nuclear Reactions Differentiating Chemical Reactions from Nuclear Reactions 1 CHEMICAL Occurs when bonds are broken or formed. Atoms remained unchanged, though may be rearranged. Involves valence electrons Small energy

More information

Fundamental Forces of the Universe

Fundamental Forces of the Universe Fundamental Forces of the Universe There are four fundamental forces, or interactions in nature. Strong nuclear Electromagnetic Weak nuclear Gravitational Strongest Weakest Strong nuclear force Holds the

More information

Nuclear power plants can generate large amounts of electricity.

Nuclear power plants can generate large amounts of electricity. 7.3 Nuclear Reactions Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy. Fission = the splitting of nuclei Fusion = the joining of nuclei Nuclear power plants can

More information

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Radioactivity Test Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Radioactive s have unstable a. electrons. c. protons. b. nuclei.

More information

Table O: Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry

Table O: Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry Packet 12: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY STABLITY OF NUCLEI Most nuclei are stable and don t change. They are found within the belt of stability. Some nuclei are unstable and break down spontaneously giving off rays

More information

Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? a. same number of protons

Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? a. same number of protons 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? same number of protons same number of chemical bonds same number of neutrons same number of particles in the nucleus Self Assessment

More information

Name Date Class NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

Name Date Class NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY 25 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY SECTION 25.1 NUCLEAR RADIATION (pages 799 802) This section describes the nature of radioactivity and the process of radioactive decay. It characterizes alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

More information

Homework 06. Nuclear

Homework 06. Nuclear HW06 - Nuclear Started: Mar 22 at 11:05am Quiz Instruc!ons Homework 06 Nuclear Question 1 How does a nuclear reaction differ from a chemical reaction? In a nuclear reaction, the elements change identities

More information

Radioactive Materials

Radioactive Materials Radioactive Materials (OCR) The structure of the atom ELECTRON negative, mass nearly nothing NEUTRON neutral, same mass as proton ( 1 ) PROTON positive, same mass as neutron ( 1 ) Isotopes An isotope is

More information

Nuclear forces and Radioactivity. Two forces are at work inside the nucleus of an atom

Nuclear forces and Radioactivity. Two forces are at work inside the nucleus of an atom Nuclear forces and Radioactivity Two forces are at work inside the nucleus of an atom Forces act in opposing directions Electrostatic repulsion: pushes protons apart Strong nuclear force: pulls protons

More information

Radioactive Decay. Scientists have discovered that when atoms of one kind of element emit radiation, they can change into atoms of a NEW element.

Radioactive Decay. Scientists have discovered that when atoms of one kind of element emit radiation, they can change into atoms of a NEW element. Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay Scientists have discovered that when atoms of one kind of element emit radiation, they can change into atoms of a NEW element. Why would an atom emit radiation in the

More information

The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay. Major Constituents of an Atom 4/28/2016. Student Learning Outcomes. Analyze radioactive decay and its results

The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay. Major Constituents of an Atom 4/28/2016. Student Learning Outcomes. Analyze radioactive decay and its results The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay ( Chapter 10) Student Learning Outcomes Analyze radioactive decay and its results Differentiate between nuclear fission and fusion Major Constituents of an Atom U=unified

More information

Regents review Nuclear Chemistry

Regents review Nuclear Chemistry 2011-2012 1. Given the nuclear equation: 14 7N + X 16 8O + 2 1H What is particle X? A) an alpha particle B) a beta particle C) a deuteron D) a triton 2. The nucleus of a radium-226 atom is unstable, which

More information

Name Date Class NUCLEAR RADIATION. alpha particle beta particle gamma ray

Name Date Class NUCLEAR RADIATION. alpha particle beta particle gamma ray 25.1 NUCLEAR RADIATION Section Review Objectives Explain how an unstable nucleus releases energy Describe the three main types of nuclear radiation Vocabulary radioisotopes radioactivity radiation alpha

More information

Nuclear fission is used in nuclear power stations to generate electricity. Nuclear fusion happens naturally in stars.

Nuclear fission is used in nuclear power stations to generate electricity. Nuclear fusion happens naturally in stars. 1 (a) Nuclear fission is used in nuclear power stations to generate electricity. Nuclear fusion happens naturally in stars. (i) Explain briefly the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

More information

Year 11 Physics booklet Topic 1 Atomic structure and radioactivity Name:

Year 11 Physics booklet Topic 1 Atomic structure and radioactivity Name: Year 11 Physics booklet Topic 1 Atomic structure and radioactivity Name: Atomic structure and radioactivity Give a definition for each of these key words: Atom Isotope Proton Neutron Electron Atomic nucleus

More information

Chapter 10. Table of Contents. Section 1 What Is Radioactivity? Section 2 Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Section 3 Nuclear Radiation Today

Chapter 10. Table of Contents. Section 1 What Is Radioactivity? Section 2 Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Section 3 Nuclear Radiation Today Nuclear Chemistry Table of Contents Section 1 What Is Radioactivity? Section 2 Nuclear Fission and Fusion Section 3 Nuclear Radiation Today Section 1 What Is Radioactivity? Bellringer Before studying about

More information

Atoms have two separate parts. The nucleus and the electron cloud.

Atoms have two separate parts. The nucleus and the electron cloud. Name Ch. 5 - Atomic Structure Pre-AP Modern Atomic Theory All atoms are made of three subatomic (smaller than the atom) particles: the protons, the electrons and the neutrons. (P.E.N. s) There are particles

More information

Radioisotopes. alpha. Unstable isotope. stable. beta. gamma

Radioisotopes. alpha. Unstable isotope. stable. beta. gamma Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons Strong forces (nuclear force) hold nucleus together Protons in nucleus have electrostatic repulsion however, strong

More information

Radioactivity. L 38 Modern Physics [4] Hazards of radiation. Nuclear Reactions and E = mc 2 Einstein: a little mass goes a long way

Radioactivity. L 38 Modern Physics [4] Hazards of radiation. Nuclear Reactions and E = mc 2 Einstein: a little mass goes a long way L 38 Modern Physics [4] Nuclear physics what s inside the nucleus and what holds it together what is radioactivity, halflife carbon dating Nuclear energy nuclear fission nuclear fusion nuclear reactors

More information

(nuclear) reactor 1. (average) time taken for number of nuclei to halve or (average) time taken for count-rate / activity to halve

(nuclear) reactor 1. (average) time taken for number of nuclei to halve or (average) time taken for count-rate / activity to halve M. (a) (same) number of protons same atomic number is insufficient (i) nuclei split do not accept atom f nuclei / nucleus (ii) (nuclear) react (c) (d) beta any one from: atomic / proton number increases

More information

Card #1/28. Card #2/28. Science Revision P2. Science Revision P2. Science Revision P2. Card #4/28. Topic: F = ma. Topic: Resultant Forces

Card #1/28. Card #2/28. Science Revision P2. Science Revision P2. Science Revision P2. Card #4/28. Topic: F = ma. Topic: Resultant Forces Card #1/28 Card #2/28 Topic: Resultant Forces Topic: F = ma Topic: Distance-TIme Graphs Card #3/28 Card #4/28 Topic: Velocity-Time Graphs Card #2/28 Card #1/28 Card #4/28 Card #3/28 Card #5/28 Card #6/28

More information

Radioactivity: the process by which atoms emit energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, charged particles, or uncharged particles.

Radioactivity: the process by which atoms emit energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, charged particles, or uncharged particles. Radioactivity: the process by which atoms emit energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, charged particles, or uncharged particles. In 1896, Henri Bequerel discovered that uranium and other elements

More information

Section 2: Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Nuclear Forces Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction Nuclear Fusion

Section 2: Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Nuclear Forces Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction Nuclear Fusion : Nuclear Fission and Fusion Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Nuclear Forces Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction Nuclear Fusion Key Ideas What holds the nuclei of atoms together? What is released when the nucleus

More information

Unit 1 Atomic Structure

Unit 1 Atomic Structure Unit 1 Atomic Structure Defining the Atom I. Atomic Theory A. Modern Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the same element are chemically alike 3. Individual

More information

P7 Radioactivity. Student Book answers. P7.1 Atoms and radiation. Question Answer Marks Guidance

P7 Radioactivity. Student Book answers. P7.1 Atoms and radiation. Question Answer Marks Guidance P7. Atoms and radiation a radiation from U consists = particles, radiation from lamp = electromagnetic waves, radiation from U is ionising, radiation from lamp is non-ionising b radioactive atoms have

More information

Ch 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON

Ch 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Ch 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name No-Calculators Allowed /65 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers

More information

Chapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 8 Nuclear Chemistry 8. Discovery of radioactivity 895 Roentgen discovery of radioactivity X-ray X-ray could penetrate other bodies and affect photographic plates led to the development of X-ray

More information

10.4 Fission and Fusion

10.4 Fission and Fusion This painting of an alchemist s laboratory was made around 1570. For centuries, these early scientists, known as alchemists, tried to use chemical reactions to make gold. The alchemists failed in their

More information

nuclear chemical change CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O carbon dating

nuclear chemical change CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O carbon dating Nuclear Chemistry I. What is nuclear chemistry? a. Nuclear changes vs. chemical changes i. A nuclear change is a change in which the nucleons (things in the nucleus) change. For instance, if the number

More information

NOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay

NOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay NOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay Why does the nucleus stay together? STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE Short range, attractive force that acts among nuclear particles Nuclear particles attract one

More information

Aim: What are the two types of Nuclear. Reactions? Do Now: 1. Get into your groups and compare your answers to your homework.

Aim: What are the two types of Nuclear. Reactions? Do Now: 1. Get into your groups and compare your answers to your homework. Aim: What are the two types of Nuclear Reactions? Do Now: 1. Get into your groups and compare your answers to your homework. Nuclear Energy In nuclear reaction, mass is converted into energy; there is

More information

Chapter 10. Section 10.1 What is Radioactivity?

Chapter 10. Section 10.1 What is Radioactivity? Chapter 10 Section 10.1 What is Radioactivity? What happens when an element undergoes radioactive decay? How does radiation affect the nucleus of an unstable isotope? How do scientists predict when an

More information

There are no stable isotopes of elements above atomic number 83.

There are no stable isotopes of elements above atomic number 83. Nuclear Chemistry Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation. All

More information

Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions Slide 1 / 33 Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions The Nucleus Slide 2 / 33 Proton: The charge on a proton is +1.6x10-19 C. The mass of a proton is 1.6726x10-27 kg. Neutron: The neutron is neutral. The

More information

c) O-16 d) Pu An unstable nucleus emits. a) Atoms b) Electricity c) Plasma d) Radiation 3. Many of uranium are radioactive. a) Ions b) Isomers

c) O-16 d) Pu An unstable nucleus emits. a) Atoms b) Electricity c) Plasma d) Radiation 3. Many of uranium are radioactive. a) Ions b) Isomers Physical Science Domain 1 Nuclear Decay Review 1. Which nucleus would be MOST likely to be radioactive? a) C-12 b) Ca-40 c) O-16 d) Pu-241 2. An unstable nucleus emits. a) Atoms b) Electricity 3. Many

More information

NUCLEAR ENERGY! DAY 1: (RADIATION, FISSION, FUSION)

NUCLEAR ENERGY! DAY 1: (RADIATION, FISSION, FUSION) NUCLEAR ENERGY! DAY 1: (RADIATION, FISSION, FUSION) Nucleus Stability Stability of the nucleus depends on the nuclear forces that act between protons and neutrons Protons repel each other Protons attract

More information

NUCLEI. Atomic mass unit

NUCLEI. Atomic mass unit 13 NUCLEI Atomic mass unit It is a unit used to express the mass of atoms and particles inside it. One atomic mass unit is the mass of atom. 1u = 1.660539 10. Chadwick discovered neutron. The sum of number

More information

Particles involved proton neutron electron positron gamma ray 1

Particles involved proton neutron electron positron gamma ray 1 TOPIC : Nuclear and radiation chemistry Nuclide - an atom with a particular mass number and atomic number Isotopes - nuclides with the same atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers (A) Notation A Element

More information

P4 Quick Revision Questions

P4 Quick Revision Questions P4 Quick Revision Questions H = Higher tier only SS = Separate science only P3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards Question 1... of 50 What are the components of an atom, their location and their charge?

More information

Unit 1 Atomic Structure

Unit 1 Atomic Structure Unit 1 Atomic Structure 3-1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory I. Atomic Theory A. Modern Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the

More information

Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity.

Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity. Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity. A. Differentiate among alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. B. Differentiate between fission and fusion. C. Explain the process

More information

Chapter 18. Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 18. Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry The energy of the sun comes from nuclear reactions. Solar flares are an indication of fusion reactions occurring at a temperature of millions of degrees. Introduction to General,

More information

Science 10: Radioactivity! Comparing Fission and Fusion Notes (Ch 11)

Science 10: Radioactivity! Comparing Fission and Fusion Notes (Ch 11) http://www.atomicarchive.com/movies/index.shtml Science 10: Radioactivity! Comparing Fission and Fusion Notes (Ch 11) Nuclear Reactions: an atom s nucleus changes by gaining or releasing particles or energy.

More information

turbine (a) (i) Which part of the power station provides thermal (heat) energy from a chain reaction?

turbine (a) (i) Which part of the power station provides thermal (heat) energy from a chain reaction? Nuclear fission and radiation 1 The diagram shows parts of a nuclear power station. control rods boiler steam generator electricity out turbine condenser nuclear reactor (a) (i) Which part of the power

More information

Radioactive Decay 1 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016

Radioactive Decay 1 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Radioactive Decay 1 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Radioactive Decay 2 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What is radiation? 3 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The term radiation (also known as nuclear radiation) refers to

More information

Radioactivity pp Topic 9: Nuclear Physics Ch. 10. Radioactivity. Radioactivity

Radioactivity pp Topic 9: Nuclear Physics Ch. 10. Radioactivity. Radioactivity Topic 9: Nuclear Physics Ch. 10 pp.244-249 results from radioactive decay, which is the process in which unstable atomic nuclei transform and emit radiation. has existed longer than the human race. Unstable

More information

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy ~ TRANSMUTATION: the change of one element into another due to

More information

: When electrons bombarded surface of certain materials, invisible rays were emitted

: When electrons bombarded surface of certain materials, invisible rays were emitted Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions 1. Occur when nuclei emit particles and/or rays. 2. Atoms are often converted into atoms of another element. 3. May involve protons, neutrons, and electrons 4. Associated

More information

1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW

1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW 1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY PLEASE) 1. Mass defect is the difference between the mass

More information

Chapter 10 Section 4 Notes

Chapter 10 Section 4 Notes Chapter 10 Section 4 Notes This painting of an alchemist s laboratory was made around 1570. For centuries, these early scientists, known as alchemists, tried to use chemical reactions to make gold. The

More information

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy ~ TRANSMUTATION: the change of one element into another due to

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Background Radiation. Three-fourths of all exposure to radiation comes from background radiation.

Nuclear Chemistry. Background Radiation. Three-fourths of all exposure to radiation comes from background radiation. Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry Background Radiation Three-fourths of all exposure to radiation comes from background radiation. Most of the remaining one-fourth comes from medical irradiation such as X-rays.

More information

Radioactive Decay What is Radioactivity? http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/3033 http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/3035 http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/2160 Quick Review

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 21. Nuclear Chemistry. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 21. Nuclear Chemistry. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentation Chapter 21, Inc. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Energy: Chemical vs. Chemical energy is associated with making and breaking chemical bonds. energy is enormous in comparison.

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons

Nuclear Chemistry. Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons Nuclear Chemistry Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons 1 Nuclear Chemistry Friend or Fiend 2 The Nucleus What is in the nucleus? How big is it vs. the atom? How

More information

Chapter 21. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions

Chapter 21. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions Section 1 The Nucleus Lesson Starter Nuclear reactions result in much larger energy

More information

Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3

Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3 Class: Date: Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. An atom

More information

Ch05. Radiation. Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6

Ch05. Radiation. Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6 Ch05 Radiation Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2016 Ch05 Radiation The Discovery of Radioactivity Phosphorescence Radioactive history Antoine

More information

Forces and Nuclear Processes

Forces and Nuclear Processes Forces and Nuclear Processes To understand how stars generate the enormous amounts of light they produce will require us to delve into a wee bit of physics. First we will examine the forces that act at

More information

WELCOME TO PERIOD 18: CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

WELCOME TO PERIOD 18: CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY WELCOME TO PERIOD 18: CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Homework #17 is due today. Midterm 2: Weds, Mar 27, 7:45 8:55 pm (Same room as your midterm 1 exam.) Covers periods 10 19 and videos 3 & 4 Review: Tues,

More information

Electrocution (large quantities of charge flow through the body to earth) Insulating mats or shoes

Electrocution (large quantities of charge flow through the body to earth) Insulating mats or shoes P4 in 30 minutes P4a: Sparks Like charges repel and unlike charges attract. a positive charge due to lack of electrons a negative charge due to an excess of electrons. Atoms or molecules that have become

More information

Chapter 3. Radioactivity. Table of Contents

Chapter 3. Radioactivity. Table of Contents Radioactivity Table of Contents Introduction 1. Radioactivity 2. Types of Radioactive Decays 3. Natural Radioactivity 4. Artificial Radioactivity 5. The Rate of Radioactive Decay 6. The Effects of Radiation

More information

21/11/ /11/2017 Atomic Structure AQA Physics topic 4

21/11/ /11/2017 Atomic Structure AQA Physics topic 4 Atomic Structure AQA Physics topic 4 4.1 Atoms and Isotopes The structure of the atom ELECTRON negative, mass nearly nothing The nucleus is around 10,000 times smaller then the atom! NEUTRON neutral, same

More information