Membrane Process. Prof. Chung-Hak Lee. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
|
|
- Arline Small
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Membrane Process Prof. Chung-Hak Lee School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea URL:
2 References: Membrane Process 1) Norman N. Li, A.G. Fane, W.S. Wisnton Ho, Takeshi Matsuura (2008), Advanced Membrane Technology and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2) Cheryan, M. (1998), Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Handbook, Technomic Publishing Company, Inc. 3) Mulder,M. (1996), Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, 2nd Edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 4) Faisal I.Hai, Kazuo Yamamoto. Chung-Hak Lee (2014), Membrane Biological Reactors, International Water Association.
3 Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1-1. Definition of Membrane 1-2. Classification of Membrane Processes 1-3. Historical Development 1-4. Classification of Filter (Membrane)
4 1-1. Definition of Membrane separation Processes WHAT IS A MEMBRANE? i) A region of discontinuity interposed between two phases Hwang & Kammermeyer (1975) It can mean almost anything even air. ii) A phase that acts as a barrier to prevent mass movement, but allows restricted and/or regulated passage of one or more species. Lakshminarayanaiah (1984) Membrane can be gaseous, liquid, solid or combination of these. better definition
5 Conventional vs. Membrane Filtration - Conventional Filtration : Separation of solid, immiscible particles from liquid or gaseous streams. - Membrane Filtration : Extends this application further, e.g., separation of dissolved solids in liquid streams and separation of gas mixtures.
6 Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1-1. Definition of Membrane 1-2. Classification of Membrane Processes 1-3. Historical Development 1-4. Classification of Filter (Membrane)
7 1-2. Classification of Membrane Processes -The membrane has the ability to transport one component more readily than other because of differences in physical and/or chemical properties between the membrane and the permeating components. - Transport through the membrane takes place as a result of a driving force acting on the individual components in the feed.
8 Phenomenological Equations -In many cases, the permeation rate through the membrane is proportional to the driving force J = - A dx/ dx A : phenomenological coefficient dx/dx : driving force (temp., pressure, concentration, etc.) -Phenomenological equations cane also be used to describe not only mass flux but heat flux, volume flux, momentum flux and electrical flux.
9 Phenomenological Equations J = - A dx/ dx A : phenomenological coefficient dx/dx : driving force (temp., pressure, concentration, etc.) A = Diffusion coefficient (mass flux, Fick s law)) = permeability coefficient (volume flux, Darcy s law)) = thermal diffusivity (heat flux, Fourier s law) = kinetic viscosity (momentum flux, Newton s law) = electrical conductivity (electrical flux, Ohm s law)
10 Phenomenological Equations J = - A dx/ dx A : phenomenological coefficient dx/dx : driving force (temp., pressure, concentration, electrical potential, etc.) - In using such equation, the transport process is considered as being macroscopic and the membrane as a black box. - For a pure component permeating through a membrane, it is possible to employ linear relations to describe transport. - However, two or more components permeate simultaneously, such relations cannot be generally employed since coupling phenomena may occur in the fluxes and forces.
11 Phases divided by membrane
12 Some Membrane Processes and Driving Forces
13 Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1-1. Definition of Membrane 1-2. Classification of Membrane Processes 1-3. Historical Development 1-4. Classification of Filter (Membrane)
14 1-3. Historical Development of Membranes
15 Historical Development of Membranes 1748 : French, Abbé Nollet - Demonstrated semi-permeability for the first time - He placed spirits of wine in a vessel, the mouth of which was closed with an animal bladder and immersed in pure water. Because it was more permeable to water than to wine, the bladder swelled and sometimes even burst : Fick - He published his phenomenological laws of diffusion, which we still use today as a first-order description of diffusion through membrane. - He prepared and studied some of the earliest artificial semi-permeable membranes. ( collodion ; ether-alcohol solution of cellulose nitrate)
16 Historical Development of Membranes 1861 : T. Graham - Graham s law of diffusion in gases - He made some of the first measurements of dialysis through synthetic membranes. - He discovered that rubber exhibits different permeabilities to different gases. Father : gas separations via membranes : Traube, Pfeffer, Van t Hoff - They manufactured precipitated membrane. - Osmotic pressure and diffusion phenomena were measured quantitatively Van t Hoff equation.
17 Historical Development of Membranes : Bech hold, Zsigmondy - They developed methods for controlling the membrane pore size, principally with collodion membrane 1911 : Donnan - He studied the distribution of macromolecular and micromolecular charged species across the semi-permeable membranes. - Donnan Distribution Law still finds use in our understanding of equilibrium phenomena in Donnan Dialysis and in coupled transport 1930s : Teorell, Meyer, Sievers -Theory of transport across neutral and fixed-charge membrane. It formed the basis for our current understanding of both electrodialysis membranes and modern membrane electrodes.
18 Historical Development of Membranes 1927 : Satorius, Germany - Membranes were manufactured commercially in small quantities : Kolff - He demonstrated Artificial Kidney as one of the first practical applications of dialysis : Goetz - He imprinted grid lines on filters to facilitate bacteria counting.
19 Artificial Kidney
20 Dr. Kolff : Artificial Kidney
21 Historical Development of Membranes 1957 : United States Public Health Service (USPH) - Officially adopted the membrane filtration procedure for drinking water analysis. Early 1950s : Samuel Yuster of U.C.L.A. - He predicted that, based on Gibbs adsorption isotherm, it should be possible to produce fresh water from brine. (Shortage of H2O in California so came up with a desalination idea)
22 Samuel Yuster predicted that, based on Gibbs adsorption isotherm, it should be possible to produce fresh water from brine. Our species is the only creative species, and it has only one creative instrument, the individual mind and spirit of man. Nothing was ever created by two men. There are no good collaborations, whether in music, in art, in poetry, in mathematics, in philosophy. Once the miracle of creation has taken place, the group can build and extend it, but the group never invents anything. The preciousness lies in the lonely mind of a man. John Steinbeck, East of Eden, 1952
23 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm S = C 2 RT S = excess solute near the surface γ ( C 2 = concentration of solute )σ C γ = surface tension 2 σ = surface area - If a solute causes a decrease in surface tension [( ) 0], there will be adsorption on the surface. C2 γ - If a solute causes an increase in surface tension [( ) 0], the solute avoids the surface region. C2 S = = 1 RT C 2 RT γ ln C ( ) C 2 2 γ a 2 = γ 2 C 2 γ 2 1 in dilute solution γ
24 Surface tension vs. concentration γ(dyne/cm) NaCl 73 C 2 H 5 OH 0 moles/l
25 Reverse Osmosis - Unfortunately, most stuff we deal with, decrease surface tension. - 2t ; need of appropriate size [2 x the thickness(t)] to get a water fall.
26 Birth of Asymmetric Membrane : Sourirajan, Loeb - They performed heat treatment (annealing) to expand the pores and thus increase flux. But exactly the opposite happened : heating contracted the pores. So then they took commercially available UF Membrane and performed the heat treatment 3 rd row in Tab. 1.2 It caused the pores to shrink Better rejection Asymmetry higher flux
27 Historical Development of Membranes
28
29 Journal of membrane science, 339, 1-4, 2009
30 Seawater Desalination by Reverse Osmosis (RO)
31 International Market Trends Total capacity of worldwide seawater desalination plants : > 30 million tons/day Total market growth rate : ~11%/year (Sea Water Reverse Osmosis: ~17%/year) Europe Africa Middle East (50%) Asia North America Central America Australia South America = 1million m 3 /day (220MIGD) Source: Wangnick (2004)
32 Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1-1. Definition of Membrane 1-2. Classification of Membrane Processes 1-3. Historical Development 1-4. Classification of Filter (Membrane)
33 Depth filter vs. Screen filter Depth Filter : - Filtration or particle removal occurs within the depths of the filter material. - A matrix of randomly oriented fibers or beads that are bonded together to form a tortuous maze of flow channel. - Removal mechanisms : interception, inertial impaction, diffusion, etc. Screen Filter : - Separation of particles by retaining them on its surface in much the same manner as a sieve. - Having a defined pore size. Membrane filters fall into this category.
34 1-5. Classification of Filter (Membrane) FILTERS Depth Screen Microporous Asymmetric (Skinned) Isotropic Anisotropic Integrally skinned Nonintegrally skinned
35 Depth Filter
36 Screen Filter
37
38
39
40
41
42 Advantages of screen filter 1) Grow-through of microorganisms is not as frequent a problem 2) Little danger of sloughing off (material migration) 3) Higher recovery of the retained material (microbial cell harvesting) 4) Little liquid hold-up 5) Pore size can be controlled.
43 Absolute vs. Nominal Rating
44 Microporous vs. Asymmetric Microporous : - No skin. - Absolute rating (retain all the particles larger than that rating) Isotropic : pores of uniform size throughout the body of the membrane. Anisotropic : pores change in size from one surface of the membrane to the other. Asymmetric : - A thin skin on the surface of membrane with supporting layer. - Nominal rating (MWCO above which a certain percentage of the solute will be retained by the membrane. - Anisotropy and Asymmetry are (incorrectedly) used interchangeably. Integrally skinned : homogeneous skin and support layers Non-integrally Skinned: composite skin and support layers
45 MF membrane (Fluxxion,Eindhoven, Netherlands) *
46 MF membrane (Fluxxion,Eindhoven, Netherlands)
47 MF membrane (Isopore MINs Membrane, WEMT, SNU )
48
49
50
WASTEWATER RECYCLE, REUSE, AND RECLAMATION Vol. I - Membrane Separation Technologies - Takeshi Matsuura
MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES Takeshi Matsuura Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. Canada Keywords: membrane separation processes, pressure driven membrane processes,
More informationLecture 10. Membrane Separation Materials and Modules
ecture 10. Membrane Separation Materials and Modules Membrane Separation Types of Membrane Membrane Separation Operations - Microporous membrane - Dense membrane Membrane Materials Asymmetric Polymer Membrane
More informationLecture 04 Fundamentals of Separation Processes and Introduction of Membrane System (Contd.)
Introduction to Process Modeling in Membrane Separation Process Prof. Sirshendu De Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 04 Fundamentals of Separation Processes
More informationMembrane processes selective hydromechanical diffusion-based porous nonporous
Membrane processes Separation of liquid or gaseous mixtures by mass transport through membrane (= permeation). Membrane is selective, i.e. it has different permeability for different components. Conditions
More informationSEPARATION BY BARRIER
SEPARATION BY BARRIER SEPARATION BY BARRIER Phase 1 Feed Barrier Phase 2 Separation by barrier uses a barrier which restricts and/or enhances the movement of certain chemical species with respect to other
More informationBasic Principles of Membrane Technolog
Basic Principles of Membrane Technolog by Marcel Mulder Center for Membrane Science and Technology, University oftwente, Enschede, The Netherlands ff KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
More informationCENG 5210 Advanced Separation Processes. Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis CENG 510 Advanced Separation Processes In osmosis, solvent transports from a dilute solute or salt solution to a concentrated solute or salt solution across a semipermeable membrane hich
More informationSeparation through Dialysis
Separation through Dialysis SOLVED WITH COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS 3.5a COPYRIGHT 2008. All right reserved. No part of this documentation may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent
More information1 An Introduction to Barrier Separation
1 An Introduction to Barrier Separation 1.1 Separation is Separation is the key to the uses of nature. Gathering, harvesting, mining are elementary manifestations of selection, typifying the objective
More informationChapter 3 Membrane Processes for Water Production
Chapter 3 Membrane Processes for Water Production Application of Membrane Processes in Water Environment Fusion Tech Hydrology Molecular biology Surface Chem Nano particles Biofilm CFD Catalyst Space station
More information2.500 Desalination and Water Purification
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 2.500 Desalination and Water Purification Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. MASSACHUSETTS
More informationMembrane Performance Forecast
Membrane Performance Forecast Interested in Membranes? Liquid Selectivity in s ea cr Zeta potential analysis with SurPASS 3 from Anton Paar opens up new possibilities in the characterization of membranes
More informationD-MAVT Membrane Separation Processes
Membrane Separation Processes Federico Milella Rate Controlled Separation - Autumn 2017 Separation Processes Laboratory - Institute of Process Engineering Agenda Introduction Mass balances over a membrane
More informationEstimate the extent of concentration polarization in crossflow filtration Select filtration unit operations to meet product requirements, consistent
Membrane Separation Process Objectives Estimate the extent of concentration polarization in crossflow filtration Select filtration unit operations to meet product requirements, consistent with product
More informationChapter 11 Properties of Solutions
Chapter 11 Properties of Solutions Solutions Homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances Composition is uniform throughout the sample No chemical reaction between the components of the mixture Solvents
More informationFouling of reverse osmosis membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy: Measurements and simulations
Desalination 236 (2009) 187 193 Fouling of reverse osmosis membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy: Measurements and simulations J.M. Kavanagh*, S. Hussain, T.C. Chilcott, H.G.L. Coster School
More informationCeramic Membranes in Process Technology
BASF SE Ludwigshafen Hartwig Voß, Jacek Malisz, Patrick Schmidt, Jörg Therre Ceramic Membranes in Process Technology Status, future Trends, Challenges Strategie WS Hochleistungskeramiken, Bonn 20.01.2015
More informationThe Chemistry of Seawater. Unit 3
The Chemistry of Seawater Unit 3 Water occurs naturally on earth in 3 phases: solid, liquid, or gas (liquid is most abundant) Water Phases Basic Chemistry Review What is an atom? Smallest particles of
More informationULTRAFLITRATION OF WASTEWATER WITH PRETREATMENT: EVALUATION OF FLUX DECLINE MODELS
ULTRAFLITRATION OF WASTEWATER WITH PRETREATMENT: EVALUATION OF FLUX DECLINE MODELS H. K. Shon, S. Vigneswaran,* J. Kandasamy and W.G. Shim 2 Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O.
More informationElectrical Properties of the Membrane
BIOE 2520 Electrical Properties of the Membrane Reading: Chapter 11 of Alberts et al. Stephen Smith, Ph.D. 433 Biotech Center shs46@pitt.edu Permeability of Lipid membrane Lipid bilayer is virtually impermeable
More information/05/ MAIK Nauka /Interperiodica
Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 39, No. 4, 5, pp. 4 46. Translated from Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, Vol. 39, No. 4, 5, pp. 46 43. Original Russian Text Copyright
More informationSome physico-chemical data can be found at the web page (E-Tables):
Reminiscences 1 Physical data have been supplied to Problem_#4. Some physico-chemical data can be found at the web page (E-Tables): http://uchi.vscht.cz/index.php/en/studium/navody-a-pomucky/e-tabulky
More informationIon exchange (ionex) Ion exchange. Advantages. Disadvantages
Ion exchange (ionex) 1 Ion exchange Separation method based on exchange of dissolved ions on functional groups fixed on matrix. Ionex (ion exchanger (IX)) - compound able to exchange ions inorganic (zeolites)
More informationEQ121 - Membrane Processes and Technologies
Coordinating unit: 295 - EEBE - Barcelona East School of Engineering Teaching unit: 713 - EQ - Department of Chemical Engineering Academic year: 2018 Degree: ECTS credits: 6 Teaching languages: English
More informationPROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS A S S T. P R O F. D R. A L A A J. M A H R A T H M E D I C A L C H E M I S T R Y
PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS A S S T. P R O F. D R. A L A A J. M A H R A T H M E D I C A L C H E M I S T R Y LEARNING GOAL Identify a mixture as a solution, a colloid, or a suspension. Describe how the number
More informationBiological and Medical Applications of Pressures and Fluids. Lecture 2.13 MH
Biological and Medical Applications of Pressures and Fluids Foundation Physics Lecture 2.13 MH Pressures in the human body All pressures quoted are gauge pressure Bladder Pressure Cerebrospinal Pressure
More informationELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS
ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS Third Edition JOHN NEWMAN and KAREN E. THOMAS-ALYEA University of California, Berkeley ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC PUBLICATION PREFACE
More informationGeneral Separation Techniques
ecture 2. Basic Separation Concepts (1) [Ch. 1] General Separation Techniques - Separation by phase creation - Separation by phase addition - Separation by barrier - Separation by solid agent - Separation
More informationPhysicochemical Processes
Lecture 3 Physicochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Air stripping Carbon adsorption Steam stripping Chemical oxidation Supercritical fluids Membrane processes 1 1. Air Stripping A mass transfer
More information5.4 Liquid Mixtures. G i. + n B. = n A. )+ n B. + RT ln x A. + RT ln x B. G = nrt ( x A. ln x A. Δ mix. + x B S = nr( x A
5.4 Liquid Mixtures Key points 1. The Gibbs energy of mixing of two liquids to form an ideal solution is calculated in the same way as for two perfect gases 2. A regular solution is one in which the entropy
More informationMembrane Filtration 111 CAMBRIDGE. A Problem Solving Approach with MATLAB GREG FOLEY UNIVERSITY PRESS. Dublin City University
Membrane Filtration A Problem Solving Approach with MATLAB GREG FOLEY Dublin City University 111 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface Abbreviations page xv xviii 1 Introduction to membrane filtration
More informationCHAPTER 9: MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESS
CHAPTER 9: MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESS MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG Sem 2 2011/2012 ERT 313 BIOSEPARATION ENGINEERING Course details Credit hours/units : 4 Contact hours : 3 hr (L), 3 hr (P) and 1 hr (T)
More informationPhysics of biological membranes, diffusion, osmosis Dr. László Nagy
Physics of biological membranes, diffusion, osmosis Dr. László Nagy -Metabolic processes and transport processes. - Macrotransport : transport of large amount of material : through vessel systems : in
More informationMembrane separation and Ionexchange SRM University Internal circulation only
Membrane separation and Ionexchange SRM University Internal circulation only 1. What is membrane? A membrane may be defined as an interphase separating two phases and selectively controlling the transport
More informationLecture 6. NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTONS
Lecture 6. NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTONS NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS single phase homogeneous mixture of two or more components NONELECTROLYTES do not contain ionic species. CONCENTRATION UNITS percent
More information1 Introduction to membrane filtration of liquids
1 Introduction to membrane filtration of liquids 1.1 Introduction This book is largely concerned with solving process problems in the membrane filtration of liquids. In that sense, it is more a chemical
More informationTransport characterizations of natural organic matter in ion-exchange membrane for water treatment
Transport characterizations of natural organic matter in ion-exchange membrane for water treatment D.H. Kim, S.-H. Moon and J. Cho Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Kwangju Institute
More informationHYDRACoRe. CHLORINE TOLERANT SPIRAL WOUND Nanofiltration Color Removal Membrane Elements. February Lenntech
1. Introduction HYDRACoRe CHLORINE TOLERANT SPIRAL WOUND Nanofiltration Color Removal Membrane Elements February 2002 Lenntech info@lenntech.com Tel. +31-152-610-900 www.lenntech.com Fax. +31-152-616-289
More informationWhere does Physical Chemistry fit into your course in Dentistry?
Where does Physical Chemistry fit into your course in Dentistry? Acidogenic bacteria in dental plaque can rapidly metabolise certain carbohydrates to acid endproducts. In the mouth, the resultant change
More informationINPHAZE HiRes-EIS High Resolution Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. HiRes-EIS for Characterization of Membranes & Membrane Fouling
INPHAZE HiRes-EIS High Resolution Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Abstract HiRes-EIS for Characterization of Membranes & Membrane Fouling Separation membranes typically have a thin skin layer supported
More informationHow Do We Get Oxygen From the Air Into Our Cells?
Name: Per: Date How Do We Get Oxygen From the Air Into Our Cells? Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport DAY 1 Read and follow the steps below to get started: 1. Go to the following website to learn more
More informationPREFACE. Julian C. Smith Peter Harriott. xvii
PREFACE This sixth edition of the text on the unit operations of chemical engineering has been extensively revised and updated, with much new material and considerable condensation of some sections. Its
More informationDynamics of osmotic flows
Cite as : Bacchin, P. (2017). Colloid-interface interactions initiate osmotic flow dynamics. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.08.034 Dynamics
More information07/03/18. Laboratory Water and Water Purification Systems. Water in the Laboratory. Sources of Water and Water Contamination. Contaminants in Water
Laboratory Water and Water Purification Systems KMU 392 Chemical Process Industries March 2018 Water in the Laboratory Water is the most commonly used solvent in laboratories and constitutes often more
More informationREVIEW 2: CELLS & CELL COMMUNICATION. A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned:
Name AP Biology REVIEW 2: CELLS & CELL COMMUNICATION A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned: 1. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes No internal membranes vs. membrane-bound organelles
More informationColligative Properties
Slide 1 Colligative Properties Practical uses of solutions Slide 2 Units of Concentration Whatever units you use, the goal is the same: specify the quantity of 1 component (the solute s ) relative to the
More informationCFD STUDY OF MASS TRANSFER IN SPACER FILLED MEMBRANE MODULE
GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 31 (2011) 33-41 CFD STUDY OF MASS TRANSFER IN SPACER FILLED MEMBRANE MODULE Sharmina Hussain Department of Mathematics and Natural Science BRAC University,
More informationLecture 2: Fundamentals. Sourav Saha
ME 267: Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals Credit hours: 3.00 Lecture 2: Fundamentals Sourav Saha Lecturer Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET Email address: ssaha09@me.buet.ac.bd, souravsahame17@gmail.com
More informationTest bank for Chemistry An Introduction to General Organic and Biological Chemistry 12th Edition by Timberlake
Test bank for Chemistry An Introduction to General Organic and Biological Chemistry 12th Edition by Timberlake Link download full: http://testbankair.com/download/test-bank-for-chemistry-an-introduction-to-general-organic-and-biological-chemistry-12th-edition-by-timberlak
More informationMoving Materials Across The Cell Membrane
1. Active transport: movement of large molecules across the cell membrane that uses the cell's energy. 2. Diffusion:the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
More informationMixtures and Solutions
Mixtures and Solutions Section 14.1 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures In your textbook, read about suspensions and colloids. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. A solution is a mixture
More informationm WILEY- ADSORBENTS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS Ralph T. Yang Dwight F. Benton Professor of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan
ADSORBENTS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS Ralph T. Yang Dwight F. Benton Professor of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan m WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Preface xi
More informationDepression of the Freezing Point
Depression of the Freezing Point If a solute is dissolved in the liquid at the triple point, the escaping tendency or vapor pressure of the liquid solvent is lowered below that of the pure solid solvent.
More informationINTRODUCTION TO MODERN THERMODYNAMICS
INTRODUCTION TO MODERN THERMODYNAMICS Dilip Kondepudi Thurman D Kitchin Professor of Chemistry Wake Forest University John Wiley & Sons, Ltd CONTENTS Preface xiii PART I THE FORMALIS1VI OF MODERN THER1VIODYNAMICS
More informationSimple Mixtures. Chapter 7 of Atkins: Section
Simple Mixtures Chapter 7 of Atkins: Section 7.5-7.8 Colligative Properties Boiling point elevation Freezing point depression Solubility Osmotic Pressure Activities Solvent Activity Solute Activity Regular
More informationChapter 3 Part 1! 10 th ed.: pp ! 11 th ed.: pp !! Cellular Transport Mechanisms! The Cell Cycle!
Chapter 3 Part 1! 10 th ed.: pp. 87 105! 11 th ed.: pp. 90 107!! Cellular Transport Mechanisms! The Cell Cycle! Transport Processes: Passive and Active (1 of 2)! 1. Passive transport! Does not use ATP!
More informationLiquids and Solutions Crib Sheet
Liquids and Solutions Crib Sheet Determining the melting point of a substance from its solubility Consider a saturated solution of B in a solvent, A. Since the solution is saturated, pure solid B is in
More informationChapter 3 Part 1! 10 th ed.: pp ! 11 th ed.: pp !! Cellular Transport Mechanisms! The Cell Cycle!
Chapter 3 Part 1! 10 th ed.: pp. 87 105! 11 th ed.: pp. 90 107!! Cellular Transport Mechanisms! The Cell Cycle! Transport Processes: Passive and Active (1 of 2)! 1. Passive transport! Does not use ATP!
More informationMovement of Molecules Biology Concepts of Biology 3.1
Movement of Molecules Biology 100 - Concepts of Biology 3.1 Name Instructor Lab Section Objectives: To gain an understanding of: The basic principles of osmosis and diffusion Brownian motion The effects
More informationCOLLOID CHEMISTRY MD. KHAIRUL ISLAM
COLLOID CHEMISTRY MD. KHAIRUL ISLAM HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Thomas Graham (1861) observed that crystalline substances such as sugar, urea, and sodium chloride passed through the membrane, while others like
More informationMIXED GAS TRANSPORT STUDY THROUGH POLYMERIC MEMBRANES: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE
MIXED GAS TRANSPORT STUDY THROUGH POLYMERIC MEMBRANES: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE Sukhtej Singh Dhingra Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial
More informationAdsorption Processes. Ali Ahmadpour Chemical Eng. Dept. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Adsorption Processes Ali Ahmadpour Chemical Eng. Dept. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Contents Introduction Principles of adsorption Types of adsorption Definitions Brief history Adsorption isotherms Mechanism
More informationIn-situ monitoring of RO membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy: Threshold fluxes and fouling
Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Advanced Membrane Technology VII Proceedings 9-16-2016 In-situ monitoring of RO membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy: Threshold fluxes
More informationPOSITION R & D Officer M.Tech. No. of questions (Each question carries 1 mark) 1 Verbal Ability Quantitative Aptitude Test 34
POSITION R & D Officer M.Tech Candidates having M.Tech / M.E. Chemical Engg. with 60% marks (aggregate of all semesters/years) and 50% for SC/ST/PWD are being called for Computer Based Test basis the information
More informationInvestigating the effect of graphene oxide on scaling in thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes
Investigating the effect of graphene oxide on scaling in thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes Ali Ansari, Bo Cao, Xinyi Yi, Yandi Hu, and Debora Rodrigues Civil and Environmental Engineering,
More informationControlling membrane pore blocking and filter cake build-up in side-stream MBR systems
1 Controlling membrane pore blocking and filter cake build-up in side-stream MBR systems T. Jiang 1,a,2,b*#, M.D. Kennedy 1,c, W.G.J. van der Meer 3,d, P.A. Vanrolleghem 2,e, J.C. Schippers 1,f 1 International
More informationLife, Order, Thermodynamics
Life, Order, Thermodynamics 1 A key question about order How order is created and maintained in biological systems? Through energy fluxes Biological Physics, updated 1st ed. ( Philip C. Nelson) 2 Energy:
More informationLiquid in liquid: ethanol in water. Solid in liquid: any salt in water. Solid in solid: brass, bronze, and all alloys
1 of 6 I. The solution process Solutions, colloids, and suspensions Solution: homogeneous mixture, equally dispersed at the molecular level, uniform throughout in its physical and chemical properties Colloid:
More informationREVIEW 2: CELLS & CELL DIVISION UNIT. A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned:
Period Date REVIEW 2: CELLS & CELL DIVISION UNIT A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned: 1. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes No internal membranes vs. membrane-bound organelles
More informationSustainable nanotechnology for water : what about membrane developments?
Sustainable nanotechnology for water : what about membrane developments? Prof. Gilbert M. Rios Head SIMEV Membranes a long standing model The model...enabling the separation of living entities from the
More informationPure Liquid with solute. Pure Liquid
Colligative properties are physical properties of solutions that arise because of the number of solute molecules dissolved in solution and not on the kind of solute particles dissolved in solution. Pure
More informationNANOSTONE Cleaning Guidelines for Spiral E-Coat Elements
NANOSTONE Cleaning Guidelines for Spiral E-Coat Elements The following guidelines are presented with the understanding that they will help restore the permeate rate for an element used on electro-deposition
More informationOzone Depletion. Dana Desonie, Ph.D. Say Thanks to the Authors Click (No sign in required)
Ozone Depletion Dana Desonie, Ph.D. Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content,
More informationName Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.
Assessment Chapter Test A Chapter: Solutions In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. Agitation prevents settling
More informationA solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
UNIT (5) SOLUTIONS A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. 5.1 Terminology Solute and Solvent A simple solution has two components, a solute, and a solvent. The substance in smaller
More informationDansk Mejeriteknisk Selskab Billund, June 14th Challenges in the Dairy Industry: Perspective on extreme performance membranes
Dansk Mejeriteknisk Selskab Billund, June 14th 2018 Challenges in the Dairy Industry: Perspective on extreme performance membranes OLE LILLEVANG, TECHNOLOGY SPECIALIST GEA PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY CENTER FILTRATION
More informationsolubility solubilities that increase with increasing temperature
Solubility The concentration of the solute in a saturated solution is the solubility of the solute About 95% of all ionic compounds have aqueous solubilities that increase with increasing temperature Temperature
More informationPREDICTION OF NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANE PERFORMANCE: ANALYSIS OF ION TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
PREDICTION OF NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANE PERFORMANCE: ANALYSIS OF ION TRANSPORT MECHANISMS Norhaslina Mohd Sidek 1, Sarifah Fauziah Syed Draman 1, Nora aini Ali 2 and Ilyani Abdullah 3 1 Faculty of Chemical
More informationMembrane Structure and Function POGIL
Why? Membrane Structure and Function POGIL Advertisements for sports drinks, such as Gatorade, Powerade, and Vitaminwater seem to be everywhere. All of these drinks are supposed to help your body recover
More informationMovement across the Cell Membrane. AP Biology
Movement across the Cell Membrane The diffusion of solutes across a synthetic membrane Molecules of dye WATER Membrane (cross section) Net diffusion Net diffusion Equilibrium (a) Diffusion of one solute
More informationClassification of Matter
Classification of Matter All the objects that we see in the world around us are made of matter. Matter makes up the air we breathe, the ground we walk on, the food we eat and the animals and plants that
More informationDiffusion By Cindy Grigg
Diffusion By Cindy Grigg 1 Why do we smell bread baking throughout the house? The answer is diffusion. A good way to describe diffusion is the moving of molecules from a place where they are concentrated
More informationCarbon dioxide removal processes by alkanolamines in aqueous organic solvents Hamborg, Espen Steinseth
University of Groningen Carbon dioxide removal processes by alkanolamines in aqueous organic solvents Hamborg, Espen Steinseth IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's
More informationAalborg Universitet. Transport phenomena in gas-selective silica membranes Boffa, Vittorio. Creative Commons License Unspecified
Aalborg Universitet Transport phenomena in gas-selective silica membranes Boffa, Vittorio Creative Commons License Unspecified Publication date: 2016 Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation
More informationProtein separation and characterization
Address:800 S Wineville Avenue, Ontario, CA 91761,USA Website:www.aladdin-e.com Email USA: tech@aladdin-e.com Email EU: eutech@aladdin-e.com Email Asia Pacific: cntech@aladdin-e.com Protein separation
More informationSimilarities and differences:
How does the system reach equilibrium? I./9 Chemical equilibrium I./ Equilibrium electrochemistry III./ Molecules in motion physical processes, non-reactive systems III./5-7 Reaction rate, mechanism, molecular
More informationWays of Expressing Concentrations of Solutions. Solutions
Ways of Expressing Concentrations of Mole Fraction (X) X A = moles of A total moles in solution In some applications, one needs the mole fraction of solvent, not solute make sure you find the quantity
More informationIntroduction to electrophysiology 1. Dr. Tóth András
Introduction to electrophysiology 1. Dr. Tóth András Today topics Transmembran transport Donnan equilibrium Resting potential Level of significance Entry level (even under 6) Student level (for most of
More informationIntroduction to cardiac electrophysiology 1. Dr. Tóth András 2018
Introduction to cardiac electrophysiology 1. Dr. Tóth ndrás 2018 Topics Transmembran transport Donnan equilibrium Resting potential 1 Transmembran transport Major types of transmembran transport J: net
More informationProperties of Solutions
Properties of Solutions The Solution Process A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. Solutions may be gases, liquids, or solids. Each substance present is a component of the solution.
More informationFOULING EFFECTS ON REJECTION IN THE MEMBRANE FILTRATION OF NATURAL WATERS
FOULING EFFECTS ON REJECTION IN THE MEMBRANE FILTRATION OF NATURAL WATERS A.I. Schäfer 1,2, A.G Fane 1, T.D. Waite 2 Fouling was also dependent on pore size and was caused by large colloids (250 nm) or
More informationPROPERTIES OF MIXTURES. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
MIXTURES PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES No Chemical Changes in a Mixture No chemical changes happen
More informationCONCENTRATION POLARIZATION
CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION Smart Membrane Products. More Water. Less Cost. www.waterplanet.com CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION: EARLY THEORIES Subir Bhattacharjee, Ph.D. Founder & CTO Water Planet, Inc. OVERVIEW
More informationChapter 8. Chapter 8-4. Solutions could be sold solutions. Solutions. Water that makes the most common solutions
Water that makes the most common solutions Chapter 8 Solutions CO 8.1 Ocean water is a solution in which many different substances are dissolved. Steve Allen/Peter Arnold, Inc. Chapter 8-1 Chapter 8-2
More informationCHAPTER 2. SOIL-WATER POTENTIAL: CONCEPTS AND MEASUREMENT
SSC107 Fall 2000 Chapter 2, Page - 1 - CHAPTER 2. SOIL-WATER POTENTIAL: CONCEPTS AND MEASUREMENT Contents: Transport mechanisms Water properties Definition of soil-water potential Measurement of soil-water
More informationOsmotic pressure and chemical equilibrium
J A C O B U S H. V A N T HOFF Osmotic pressure and chemical equilibrium Nobel Lecture, December 13, 1901* Although the investigations on which I am about to speak were carried out 15 years ago, I am going
More informationPhysical Properties of Solutions
Physical Properties of Solutions Chapter 12 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 12.1- Types of solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or
More informationChapter: Cell Processes
Table of Contents Chapter: Cell Processes Section 1: Chemistry of Life Section 2: Moving Cellular Materials Section 3: Energy for Life 1 Chemistry of Life The Nature of Matter Matter is anything that has
More informationLecture 5: Diffusion Controlled Growth
Materials Science & Metallurgy Master of Philosophy, Materials Modelling, Course MP6, Kinetics and Microstructure Modelling, H. K.. H. Bhadeshia Lecture 5: iffusion Controlled Growth Rate Controlling Processes
More informationTable of Contents. Preface... xiii
Preface... xiii PART I. ELEMENTS IN FLUID MECHANICS... 1 Chapter 1. Local Equations of Fluid Mechanics... 3 1.1. Forces, stress tensor, and pressure... 4 1.2. Navier Stokes equations in Cartesian coordinates...
More information