Innovation. Electrolytes. Materials

Transcription

1 Innovation Materials CATALOGUE

2 CONTENT GLOSSARY 3 About SOLVIONIC 4 NEXT GENERATION ELECTROLYTES 5 I LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 5 1 Ionic Liquids based 5 2 Non-flammable 6 3 Organic Solvents based 7-9 II LITHIUM SULPHUR BATTERIES 9-10 III SODIUM-ION BATTERIES IV SUPERCAPACITORS Eutectic Mixtures 12 2 Ionic Liquids for Supercapacitors V GEL / POLYMER ELECTROLYTES 14 1 Membranes Formulations for electrochromic Devices 14 2 Membranes Formulations for Batteries 14 IONIC LIQUIDS 15 METAL SALTS MONOMERS & POLYMERS BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 2

3 GLOSSARY 1 - Solvents Diethyl carbonate Dimethyl carbonate Ethylene carbonate Ethyl methyl carbonate Propylene carbonate Vinylene carbonate Fluoroethylene carbonate DEC DMC EC EMC PC VC FEC 2 Ionic Liquids Cations N,N-Diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium N-Methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium N-Methyl-N-propylpiperidinium 1-Methyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)Pyrrolidinium Poly[diallyldimethylammonium] N122(2O1) Emim Bmim PYR13 PYR14 PI13 PYR1(201) Poly[DDA] 3 Ionic Liquids Anions Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide TFSI FSI 4 Salts Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiTFSI Lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6 Sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide NaFSI NaTFSI BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 3

4 About SOLVIONIC Solvionic is a SME developing specialized chemistry of Ionic Liquids. The main market of Solvionic is that of electrochemical devices, and particularly, electrochemical energy storage systems. We have a catalogue of around 200 different references, including ILs, metal salts and electrolyte formulations made of the combination of those specific products, but also with common organic solvents (carbonates). Our production facilities and strategy allows fast and reliable scale-up of our products, in order to commit to industrial needs. Our quality control procedures that were specifically developed for ILs products is one of Solvionic s key know-how that allows the commercialisation of the highest purity standard of the ILs market. Solvionic is also expert in the research and development of new materials and processes based on the use of ILs. Our main R&D activity is devoted to the development of the next generation electrochemical energy storage systems based on the use of ILs (Li-sulfur, next generation metal-ion batteries, supercapacitors, etc.). High Quality & Materials High Purity: Electrochemistry Grade 99.9% - H 2O < 20ppm - Halide < 1ppm Amine compounds < 10ppm. Packaging: Our products are packed in aluminum containers filled with argon gas (H 2O < 0.5ppm, O 2< 0.5ppm). Pack Size: to 5L Custom Made Quality Control Quality Control: we use several analytical methods, such as Ionic Chromatography, Cyclic Voltammetry, Conductivity, Density, Karl-Fisher (water content), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Viscosity. Custom-made & Materials: please feel free to contact us regarding to your specific needs, such as formulations, analytical methods, packaging, BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 4

5 NEXT GENERATION ELECTROLYTES Solvionic develops and produces electrolytes of high quality for electrochemical applications in batteries and supercapacitors. Electrolyte development has been focused and ongoing for lithium-ion (Li-ion), sodium-ion (Na-ion) and Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries as well as supercapacitors. I LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 1 - Ionic Liquids based REF. FORMULATIONS Packaging E049 LiTFSI:PYR13 FSI (1:9 mol ratio) 99.9% 2 E178 New LiTFSI:PYR13 FSI (1:9 mol ratio) + 5%wt. VC + 5%wt. FEC 99.9% 2 E046 LiTFSI:PYR13 TFSI (1:9 mol ratio) 99.9% 2 E179 New LiTFSI:PYR13 TFSI (1:9 mol ratio) + 5%wt. VC + 5%wt. FEC 99.9% 2 E078 LiTFSI:PYR14 FSI (1:9 mol ratio) 99.9% 2 E079 LiTFSI:PYR14 TFSI (1:9 mol ratio) 99.9% 2 Additives: the nature of additives is optional and depends on the active materials used in the system whereas in some cases, additives are imperative when graphite is being used as anodes. BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 5

6 Conductivity (ms.cm -1 ) at 25 C: E049 E178 E046 E179 E078 FSI Ionic Liquids based TFSI Ionic Liquids based E References: Appetecchi et al., Lithium insertion in graphite from ternary ionic liquid-lithium salt electrolytes, Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 192, p Kim et al., Development of ionic liquid-based lithium battery prototypes, Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 199, p Elia et al., Exceptional long-life performance of lithium-ion batteries using ionic liquid-based electrolytes, Energy & Environmental Science, 2016, 9, Sun et al., Electrochemical investigations of ionic liquids with vinylene carbonate for applications in rechargeable lithium ion batteries, Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55, M. Moreno et al., Ionic Liquid for Safer Lithium Batteries, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2017, 164, A6026-A Non-flammable Non-flammable, safe and powerful electrolytes for Li-ion batteries can be obtained by adding ionic liquids into conventional electrolytes. This slightly increases their flash point and reduces their self-extinguishing time down to 15s.g -1 (40wt% addition, flame-retarded) or 0s.g -1 (50wt% addition, non-flammable). This promotes safer conditions for transport and industrial handling compared to pure organic solvents based electrolytes. REF. FORMULATIONS Packaging E014 Emim TFSI 40% wt. in 1M LiPF6 EC:DEC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% 2 E015 Emim FSI 40% wt. in 1M LiPF6 EC:DEC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% 2 E043 PYR13 TFSI 40% wt.in 1M LiPF6 EC:DEC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% 2 BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 6

7 Conductivity (ms.cm -1 ) at 25 C : E014 E015 FSI Ionic Liquids based E TFSI Ionic Liquids based References: Hess et al., Flammability of Li-Ion Battery : Flash Point and Self-Extinguishing Time Measurements, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2015, 162, A3084-A3097 Guerfi et al., Improved electrolytes for Li-ion batteries: Mixtures of ionic liquid and organic electrolyte with enhanced safety and electrochemical performance, Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195, Organic Solvents based REF. LiPF6 based Formulations Packaging E001 1M LiPF6 in EC:DMC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% E003 1M LiPF6 in EC:DMC (1:1 vol.%) with 2%wt. VC 99.9% E008 1M LiPF6 in PC with 2%wt. VC 99.9% E013 1M LiPF6 in PC 99.9% E016 1M LiPF6 in EC:DEC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 7

8 REF. LiPF6 based Formulations Packaging E020 1M LiPF6 in EC:PC:DMC (1:1:3 vol.%) with 1%wt. VC 99.9% E033 1M LiPF6 in EC:DEC (1:1 vol.%) with 2%wt. VC 99.9% E034 1M LiPF6 in EC:DEC:DMC (1:1:1 vol.%) 99.9% E053 1M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% E054 1M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (1:1 vol.%) with 2%wt. FEC 99.9% E060 1M LiPF6 in EC:EMC:DMC (1:1:1 vol.%) 99.9% E061 1M LiPF6 in EC:EMC:DMC (1:1:1 vol.%) with 2%wt. VC 99.9% REF. LiTFSI based Formulations Packaging E036 1M LiTFSI in EC:DEC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% E037 1M LiTFSI in EC:DMC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 8

9 Conductivity (ms.cm -1 ) at 25 c: LiTFSI based LiPF 6 based E001 E003 E008 E013 E016 E020 E033 E034 E053 E054 E061 E036 E II LITHIUM SULPHUR BATTERIES Oxygen-containing ionic liquids have been reported as potential candidates for Li-S batteries. Customised mixtures with Li-salt are available upon request. REF. Ionic Liquids based Packaging E164 New AMSF708A AMSF808A PYRSF1908A LiTFSI: N122(2O1) TFSI (1:9 mol ratio) 99.9% N122(2O1) TFSI 99.9% anhydrous [ ] ; fw : ; Hydrophobic Halides 1ppm ; Ionic Liquids N112(2O1) TFSI 99.9% anhydrous [ ] ; fw : ; Hydrophobic Halides 1ppm ; Ionic Liquids PYR1(2O1) TFSI 99.9% anhydrous [ ] ; fw : ; Hydrophobic Halides 1ppm ; Ionic Liquids 2 EM005 LiTFSI:PYR14 TFSI (1:9 mol ratio), 58 wt. % Poly([DDA][TFSI]), in acetone H2O < 100ppm packed under argon Gel/Polymer BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 9

10 Conductivity (ms.cm -1 ) at 25 C : E164 AMSF708A AMSF808A PYRSF1908A 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 References: Baloch et al., Application of Gel Polymer Based on Ionic Liquids in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2016, 163, A2390-A2398 Park et al., Solvent effect of room temperature ionic liquids on electrochemical reactions in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, , p4431 III SODIUM-ION BATTERIES Our products for sodium-ion batteries are either based on NaFSI or NaTFSI sodium salts that are dissolved in ionic liquids or organic solvents (carbonates). REF. Ionic Liquids based Packaging E072 New NaFSI:PYR13 FSI (1:9 mol ratio) 99.9% E180 New NaTFSI:PYR13 TFSI (1:9 mol ratio) 99.9% Conductivity (ms.cm -1 ) at 25 C : PYR13 FSI E072 FSI Ionic Liquid based PYR13 TFSI E TFSI Ionic Liquid based BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 10

11 REF. Organic Solvents based Packaging E038 1M NaTFSI in EC:DEC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% E039 1M NaTFSI in EC:DMC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% E040 1M NaFSI in EC:DMC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% E041 1M NaFSI in EC:DEC (1:1 vol.%) 99.9% Conductivity (ms.cm -1 ) at 25 C : E038 E039 NaTFSI based E040 E041 NaFSI based References: Eshetu et al., Comprehensive Insights into the Reactivity of Based on Sodium Ions, ChemSusChem, 2016, 9, p Fukunaga et al., Performance validation of sodium-ion batteries using an ionic liquid electrolyte, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2016, 46, p BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 11

12 IV SUPERCAPACITORS 1 Eutectic Mixtures for Supercapacitors Solvionic has demonstrated that these eutectic mixtures allow capacitive energy storage from 50 to 100 C [1]. These eutectic mixtures have a wide stable liquidus temperature range from -80 C to 120 C. Applications in various types of electrodes have been shown [2,3,4]. Results have shown good capacity with maximum voltage range of 3.3 to 3.7 V when cycled at 100 C and 20 C respectively. REF. FORMULATIONS Packaging E027 PI13 FSI:PYR14 FSI (1:1 wt.%) 99.9% 2 E076 PI13 TFSI:PYR14 TFSI (1:1 wt.%) 99.9% 2 Conductivity (ms.cm -1 ) at 25 C : E027 E FSI Ionic Liquids based TFSI Ionic Liquids based References : [1] R. Lin et al., Capacitive energy storage from 50 to 100 C using an ionic liquid electrolyte, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2011, 2 (19), [2] R. Lin et al., Outstanding performance of activated graphene based supercapacitors in ionic liquid electrolyte from 50 to 80 C, Nano Energy, 2013, 2 (3), [3] Huang et al., On-chip micro-supercapacitors for operation in a wide temperature range, Electrochemistry Communications, 2013, 36, [4] Lecoeur et al., Self-standing electrochemical double layer capacitors for operation in severe temperature conditions, Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2013, 2 (2) 13 BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 12

13 2 Ionic Liquids for Supercapacitors 1-Ethyl-3-MethylImidazolium-based (Emim) ionic liquids are one of our best selling products in this domain. Their relatively high ionic conductivities (amongst ionic liquids) and thermal stability render them as good performing electrolytes in supercapacitors in general. They are available in different electrochemical grades. REF. IONIC LIQUIDS EW (V) at RT (1mA/cm 2 ) PACKAGING IM0233A Emim FSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp : -13 d : 1.39 ; Hydrophobic Ionic liquids IM0208A Emim TFSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp : -16 ; d : 1.52 ; Hydrophobic Ionic liquids kg IM0208B Emim TFSI % [ ] fw : ; mp : -16 ; d : 1.52 ; Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O < 500ppm - packed under nitrogen Ionic liquids kg PYR1333A PYR13 FSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp : -9 ; d: ; Hydrophobic Ionic liquids Conductivity (ms.cm -1 ) at 25 C : IM0233A IM0208A IM0208B PYR1333A BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 13

14 V GEL / POLYMER ELECTROLYTES Formulations were recently developed by SOLVIONIC which can be processed (casting, deep-coating, etc.) into flexible, transparent and self-standing polymer electrolytes. 1 - Membranes Formulations for electrochromic Devices REF. FORMULATIONS PACKAGING EM001 1-Allyl-3H-imidazolium TFSI, 40 wt. % PMMA, in butanone Application : H+ conducting membrane for electrochromic devices EM002 N,N-diethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)Am TFSI, 40 wt. % PMMA, in butanone Application : H+ conducting membrane for electrochromic devices EM003 Bmim TFSI in 0,3M LiTFSI solution, 40 wt. % PMMA, in butanone Application : Li+ conducting membrane for electrochromic devices Reference : Duluard et al., Soft matter electrolytes based on polymethylmetacrylate dispersions in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55, p Membranes Formulations for Batteries REF. FORMULATIONS PACKAGING EM005 EM009 EM011 New EM015 New LiTFSI : PYR14TFSI (1:9 mol ratio), 58 wt. % Poly([DDA][TFSI]), in acetone H2O < 20ppm packed under argon LiTFSI : PYR14FSI (1:9 mol ratio), 58 wt. % Poly([DDA][FSI]), in acetone H2O < 20ppm packed under argon Mg(II)TFSI : PYR14FSI (1:9 mol ratio), 58 wt. % Poly([DDA][FSI]), in acetone H2O < 100ppm packed under argon Zn(II)TFSI : PYR14FSI (1:9 mol ratio), 58 wt. % Poly([DDA][FSI]), in acetone H2O < 100ppm packed under argon References : G.B. Appetecchi et al., Ternary polymer electrolytes containing pyrrolidinium-based polymeric ionic liquids for lithium batteries Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195, p3668 MacFarlane et al., Energy applications of ionic liquids, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 232 Custom-made: The same type of formulations are also available with other metallic salts (ex: NaTFSI, Mg(II) TFSI, Ca(II)TFSI, Zn(II)TFSI, etc) BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 14

15 IONIC LIQUIDS REF. IONIC LIQUIDS (ms.cm -1 ) at RT EW (V) at RT (1mA/cm 2 ) PACKAGING IM0233A Emim FSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp : -13 d : 1.39 ; Hydrophobic Application : Electrochemistry IM0208A Emim TFSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp : -16 ; d : 1.52 ; Hydrophobic to 5kg Bulk Application : Electrochemistry PYR1333A PYR13 FSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp : -9 ; d: ; Hydrophobic Application : Electrochemistry PYR1308A PYR13 TFSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp: 12 ; d: 1.4 ; Hydrophobic Application : Electrochemistry PYR0433A PYR14 FSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : 322,28 ; mp: ; Hydrophobic Application : Electrochemistry 6,9 5,7 2 PYR0408A PYR14 TFSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp: -6 ; d: 1.4 ; Hydrophobic 2,8 6,1 to 5kg Bulk Application : Electrochemistry PYRSF1908A PYR(1201) TFSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp: 5.4 ; Hydrophobic Application : Electrochemistry 3, PYRSF1933A PYR(1201) FSI % anhydrous [ ] fw : ; mp: 5.8 ; Hydrophobic Application : Electrochemistry 7, BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 15

16 METAL SALTS Solvionic develops and produces metallic salts intended for the applications of electrodeposition, energy storage and catalysis. REF. SALTS PACKAGING M1133B S001 S001A M1108C Sodium(I) Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide 99.7% Na F2NO4S2 ; [ ] ; fw : 203,30 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon Lithium(I) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99% LiC2F6NO4S2 ; [ ] ; fw : 287,10 H2O 5000ppm - packed under nitrogen Lithium(I) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.9% LiC2F6NO4S2 ; [ ] ; fw : 287,10 Extra-Dry H2O 20ppm - packed under argon Sodium(I) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% NaC2F6NO4S2 ; [ ] ; fw : 303,13 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon 100g 100g 2 2 M1208C Magnesium(II) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% Mg(C2F6NO4S2)2 ; [ ] ; fw : 584,59 H2O 250ppm - packed under argon 2 M1908C Potassium(I) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% KC2F6NO4S2 ; [ ] ; fw : 319,14 H2O 250ppm - packed under argon 2 M2008C Calcium(II) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% Ca(C2F6NO4S2)2 ; [ ] ; fw : 600,38 H2O 250ppm - packed under argon 2 M2508C Manganese(II) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% Mn(C2F6NO4S2)2 ; [ ] ; fw : 615,22 H2O 250ppm - packed under argon 2 M2908C Copper(II) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% Cu(C2F6NO4S2)2 ; [ ] ; fw : 623,82 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon 2 BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 16

17 REF. SALTS PACKAGING M3008C Zinc(II) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% Zn(C2F6NO4S2)2 ; [ ] ; fw : 625,68 H2O 100ppm - packed under argon 2 M4708C M5508C M5608C Silver(I) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% AgC2F6NO4S2 ; [ ] ; fw : 388,01 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon Cesium(I) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% CsC2F6NO4S2 ; [ ] ; fw : 413,05 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon Barium(II) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% Ba(C2F6NO4S2)2 ; [ ] ; fw : 697,61 H2O 250ppm - packed under argon 5g 2 2 M5708C M5808C M1105C M1205C M1905C M3005C Lanthanum(III) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% La(C2F6NO4S2)3 ; [ ] ; fw : 979,42 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon Cerium(III) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 99.5% Ce(C2F6NO4S2)3 ; [ ] ; fw : 980,54 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon Sodium(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate 99.5% NaCF3SO3 ; [ ] ; fw : 172,06 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon Magnesium(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate 99.5% Mg(CF3SO3)2 ; [ ] ; fw : 322,44 H2O 250ppm - packed under argon Potassium(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate 99.5% KCF3SO3 ; [ ] ; fw : 188,07 H2O 250ppm - packed under argon Zinc(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate 99.5% Zn(CF3SO3)2 ; [ ] ; fw : 363,54 H2O 20ppm - packed under argon 2 2 References : Wagner et al., Counterintuitive Role of Magnesium Salts as Effective Electrolyte Additives for High Voltage Lithium- Ion Batteries, Advanced Material Interfaces, 2016, p Senguttuvan et al., A High Power Rechargeable Nonaqueous Multivalent Zn/V 2O 5 Battery, Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, p BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 17

18 MONOMERS & POLYMERS Ionic liquid monomers were recently developed by SOLVIONIC which can easily be transformed into charge conducting polymers either by thermal means or by UV-polymerisation. Applications of these polymers include their use as electrode binders, polymer electrolytes (all solid-state battery), cross-linkers and coatings. Custom-made: Solvionic provides customized engineering of monomer molecules as well as formulations with the monomer molecules upon request. Formulations can contain additives and/or non-flammable ionic liquids. REF. MONOMERS PACKAGING IMSF2908B 3-Ethyl-1-Vinyl Imidazolium TFSI % fw : 403,32 ; Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen IMSF2933B 3-Ethyl-1-Vinyl Imidazolium FSI % fw : 303,3 ; Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen IMSF0108B 1-Vinyl-3H-imidazolium TFSI % fw : 375,27 ; Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen IM1308B 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium TFSI % fw : 403,32 ; Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 18

19 REF. MONOMERS PACKAGING AMSF2908B N,N,N,N-butyldimethylmethacryloyloxyethylammonium TFSI % fw : 494,47 ; Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen PYR3108B 1-Allyl-1-Methylpyrrolidinium TFSI 99.5% fw : 406,36 ; Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen REF. CROSSLINKERS DIMERS PACKAGING IMSF4208B 1,4-butanediyl-3,3 -bis-1-vinylimidazolium Di-TFSI % fw : 804,63 ; Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen REF. POLYMERS PACKAGING AM5408B Poly(diallyldimethylammonium TFSI) % Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen AM5433B Poly(diallyldimethylammonium FSI) % Hydrophobic Halides 10ppm ; H2O 500ppm - packed under nitrogen Reference : Zamory et al., Polymeric ionic liquid nanoparticles as binder for composite Li-ion Electrodes, Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 240, BULK packaging or specific needs, please contact us. Page 19

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