Batteries (Electrochemical Power Sources)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Batteries (Electrochemical Power Sources)"

Transcription

1 Batteries (Electrochemical Power Sources) 1. Primary (single-discharge) batteries. => finite quantity of the reactants 2. Secondary or rechargeable batteries => regeneration of the original reactants by electric current 3. Fuel cells => reactants are fed and products are removed continuously Example

2 Automotive applications - Energy storage Performance parameters of different vehicles (Z. Rao, S. Wang / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2011) Summary of the running cost: (Z. Rao, S. Wang / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2011)

3 Electrical characteristics E 0 => OCV = open circuit voltage => Theoretical voltage => Nernst E => discharge (working) voltage => closed-circuit voltage E 0 > E E = E 0 I R app R app => polarisation effects + ohmic resistance E N => Nominal voltage => 1.5 V zinc-manganese dioxide battery Working voltage average voltage midpoint voltage => central voltage during the discharge end (cut-off) voltage. Example: lead-acid battery: E 0 = 2.1 V E N = 2 V E = V End = V (engine cranking) Charge voltage V.

4 Mode of Discharge Constant Resistance => current decreases during the discharge Constant Current: => current remains constant during the discharge. Constant Power: => current increases during the discharge Discharge rate Temperature Shelf life Cycle life

5 Characteristics of different SB

6 Comparison of Secondary Batteries

7 Li ion battery lithium intercalation compounds as the positive and negative materials

8 Positive Electrode Materials => mixed oxides High free energy of reaction with lithium Can incorporate large quantities of lithium Reversibly incorporates lithium without structural change High lithium ion diffusivity Good electronic conductivity Insoluble in the electrolyte Prepared from inexpensive reagents Low cost synthesis Negative Electrode Materials = Different types of carbon

9 Electrolyte liquid electrolytes gel electrolytes polymer electrolytes ceramic electrolytes Li-ION BATTERY PERFORMANCE

10 Water electrolysis => Electrolytic hydrogen production High cost High purity Energy storage Cathodic reactions => Hydrogen evolution 2H+ + 2e = H2 => Acidic solution 2H2O + 2e = H2 + 2OH- => Alkaline solution Polarization curves for hydrogen evolution Corrosion issue

11 Anodic reactions => oxygen evolution 2H 2 O = O 2 + 4H + + 4e 4OH - = O 2 + 4H 2 O + + 4e H + Complex pathway Inactive electrodes => water transient Active electrodes => Metal-oxygen transient Low overpotential - High catalytic materials - Light enhancing => semiconductors

12 Alkaline water electrolysis => most extended technology - Mature technology - Reliable and safe - Lifetimes up to 15 years Evolution of gas => overvoltage concentration electrodes design=> maximize contact area convective recirculation => homogenization of concentrations Purity of the fed High inertia => constant load => evolution of gas => heat transfer rate Nm 3 h kw C bar % purity

13 Proton Exchange Membrane 0.2 mm polymeric membrane Bipolar arrangement Electrodes => typically noble metals (platinum or iridium) Short lifetimes 30 Nm 3 h kw T < 80 C 1 bar (anode) 35 bar (cathode) % purity Ability to work under variable power feeding regimes

14 Solid Oxide Electrolyzers => high temperature steam electrolysis Currently at the R&D stage H 2 O(g) + 2e = H 2 + O 2- O 2- = 0.5O 2 + 2e Electrolyte => Y 2 O 3 -stabilised-zro 2 (YSZ) Anode => composite YSZ + perovskites (LaMeO 3 ) Cathode => cermet Ni + YSZ (composite ceramic + metal) High capital cost Low electric energy consumption Need for heat source

WHAT IS A BATTERY? way to store energy is through chemical bonds in substances, which is the basic

WHAT IS A BATTERY? way to store energy is through chemical bonds in substances, which is the basic WHAT IS A BATTERY? Energy cannot be destroyed or created, but it can be stored in various forms. One way to store energy is through chemical bonds in substances, which is the basic concept of fossil and

More information

Basic overall reaction for hydrogen powering

Basic overall reaction for hydrogen powering Fuel Cell Basics Basic overall reaction for hydrogen powering 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O Hydrogen produces electrons, protons, heat and water PEMFC Anode reaction: H 2 2H + + 2e Cathode reaction: (½)O 2 + 2H +

More information

Chemistry: The Central Science. Chapter 20: Electrochemistry

Chemistry: The Central Science. Chapter 20: Electrochemistry Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 20: Electrochemistry Redox reaction power batteries Electrochemistry is the study of the relationships between electricity and chemical reactions o It includes the

More information

Basic overall reaction for hydrogen powering

Basic overall reaction for hydrogen powering Fuel Cell Basics Basic overall reaction for hydrogen powering 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O Hydrogen produces electrons, protons, heat and water PEMFC Anode reaction: H 2 2H + + 2e Cathode reaction: (½)O 2 + 2H +

More information

possesses negative potential & undergoes oxidation preferably act as ANODE

possesses negative potential & undergoes oxidation preferably act as ANODE ELECTROCHEMISTRY Introduction: Electrochemistry is the area of Chemistry dealing with the interconversion of electrical energy and chemical energy. There are many applications of this in every day life.

More information

i i ne. (1) i The potential difference, which is always defined to be the potential of the electrode minus the potential of the electrolyte, is ln( a

i i ne. (1) i The potential difference, which is always defined to be the potential of the electrode minus the potential of the electrolyte, is ln( a We re going to calculate the open circuit voltage of two types of electrochemical system: polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and lead-acid batteries. To do this, we re going to make use of two

More information

Electrochemistry and battery technology Contents

Electrochemistry and battery technology Contents Electrochemistry and battery technology Contents Introduction Redox overview voltaic cells, electrolytic cells, fuel cells, Primary and secondary batteries. Other batteries; Construction, working and applications

More information

Chapter 9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop

Chapter 9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop Chapter 9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop Chapter Map Oxidation Historically, oxidation meant reacting with oxygen. 2Zn(s) + O 2 (g) 2ZnO(s) Zn Zn 2+ + 2e or 2Zn

More information

Chapter 19: Oxidation - Reduction Reactions

Chapter 19: Oxidation - Reduction Reactions Chapter 19: Oxidation - Reduction Reactions 19-1 Oxidation and Reduction I. Oxidation States A. The oxidation rules (as summarized by Mr. Allan) 1. In compounds, hydrogen has an oxidation # of +1. In compounds,

More information

Figure 1. Schematic of Scriber Associates Model 850C fuel cell system.

Figure 1. Schematic of Scriber Associates Model 850C fuel cell system. Objective of the fuel cell experiments: To familiarize the working principles and performance characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Experimental Procedures Instrumentation A Scriber Associates

More information

17.1 Redox Chemistry Revisited

17.1 Redox Chemistry Revisited Chapter Outline 17.1 Redox Chemistry Revisited 17.2 Electrochemical Cells 17.3 Standard Potentials 17.4 Chemical Energy and Electrical Work 17.5 A Reference Point: The Standard Hydrogen Electrode 17.6

More information

N Goalby chemrevise.org

N Goalby chemrevise.org Redox Equilibria Electrochemical cells This type of cell can be called a Voltaic cell or Galvanic cell. Voltaic cells convert energy from spontaneous, exothermic chemical processes to electrical energy.

More information

1.11 Redox Equilibria

1.11 Redox Equilibria 1.11 Redox Equilibria Electrochemical cells Electron flow A cell has two half cells. The two half cells have to be connected with a salt bridge. Simple half cells will consist of a metal (acts an electrode)

More information

Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Oxygen Reduction Reaction Oxygen is the most common oxidant for most fuel cell cathodes simply

More information

Q1. Why does the conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution?

Q1. Why does the conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution? Q1. Why does the conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution? A1. Conductivity of a solution is the conductance of ions present in a unit volume of the solution. On dilution the number of ions per

More information

Chapter 7. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Chapter 7. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chapter 7 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chapter Map Oxidation Historically oxidation meant reacting with oxygen. 2Zn(s) + O 2 (g) 2ZnO(s) Zn Zn 2+ + 2e or 2Zn 2Zn 2+ + 4e O + 2e O 2 or O 2 + 4e 2O 2 Oxidation

More information

Hydrogen production by electrolysis. Ann Cornell, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH

Hydrogen production by electrolysis. Ann Cornell, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Hydrogen production by electrolysis Ann Cornell, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH amco@kth.se Sources for hydrogen International Energy Agency. Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, 2015

More information

Introduction Fuel Cells Repetition

Introduction Fuel Cells Repetition Introduction Fuel Cells Repetition Fuel cell applications PEMFC PowerCell AB, (S1-S3) PEMFC,1-100 kw Toyota Mirai a Fuel Cell Car A look inside The hydrogen tank 1. Inside Layer of polymer closest to the

More information

Development of Bifunctional Electrodes for Closed-loop Fuel Cell Applications. Pfaffenwaldring 6, Stuttgart, Germany

Development of Bifunctional Electrodes for Closed-loop Fuel Cell Applications. Pfaffenwaldring 6, Stuttgart, Germany Development of Bifunctional Electrodes for Closed-loop Fuel Cell Applications S. Altmann a,b, T. Kaz b, K. A. Friedrich a,b a Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering, University Stuttgart,

More information

Fernando O. Raineri. Office Hours: MWF 9:30-10:30 AM Room 519 Tue. 3:00-5:00 CLC (lobby).

Fernando O. Raineri. Office Hours: MWF 9:30-10:30 AM Room 519 Tue. 3:00-5:00 CLC (lobby). Fernando O. Raineri Office Hours: MWF 9:30-10:30 AM Room 519 Tue. 3:00-5:00 CLC (lobby). P1) What is the reduction potential of the hydrogen electrode g bar H O aq Pt(s) H,1 2 3 when the aqueous solution

More information

Prof. Mario L. Ferrari

Prof. Mario L. Ferrari Sustainable Energy Mod.1: Fuel Cells & Distributed Generation Systems Dr. Ing. Mario L. Ferrari Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) - DiMSET University of Genoa, Italy Lesson II Lesson II: fuel cells (electrochemistry)

More information

N Goalby chemrevise.org

N Goalby chemrevise.org Redox Equilibria Electrochemical cells This type of cell can be called a Voltaic cell or Galvanic cell. Voltaic cells convert energy from spontaneous, exothermic chemical processes to electrical energy.

More information

Student Achievement. Chemistry 12

Student Achievement. Chemistry 12 Student Achievement Chemistry 12 Key Elements: Reaction Kinetics Estimated Time: 14 16 hours By the end of this course, students will be able to explain the significance of reaction rates, demonstrate

More information

Properties of novel anion selective material with DABCO functional groups for alkaline water electrolysis

Properties of novel anion selective material with DABCO functional groups for alkaline water electrolysis Properties of novel anion selective material with DABCO functional groups for alkaline water electrolysis Jaromír Hnát, Jan Žitka, Martin Ďurovič, Martin Paidar, Karel Bouzek Department of Inorganic Technology

More information

Chapter 18: Electrochemistry

Chapter 18: Electrochemistry Chapter 18: Electrochemistry Oxidation States An oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction, is one in which electrons are transferred. 2Na + Cl 2 2NaCl Each sodium atom is losing one electron to

More information

Electrochemistry. Review oxidation reactions and how to assign oxidation numbers (Ch 4 Chemical Reactions).

Electrochemistry. Review oxidation reactions and how to assign oxidation numbers (Ch 4 Chemical Reactions). Electrochemistry Oxidation-Reduction: Review oxidation reactions and how to assign oxidation numbers (Ch 4 Chemical Reactions). Half Reactions Method for Balancing Redox Equations: Acidic solutions: 1.

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 20. Electrochemistry. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 20. Electrochemistry. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentation Chapter 20 James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT is the study of the relationships between electricity and chemical reactions. It includes the study of both spontaneous and

More information

Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 12. Chem 4631

Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 12. Chem 4631 Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 12 Chem 4631 What is a fuel cell? An electro-chemical energy conversion device A factory that takes fuel as input and produces electricity as output. O 2 (g) H 2 (g)

More information

Review. Chapter 17 Electrochemistry. Outline. Voltaic Cells. Electrochemistry. Mnemonic

Review. Chapter 17 Electrochemistry. Outline. Voltaic Cells. Electrochemistry. Mnemonic Review William L Masterton Cecile N. Hurley Edward J. Neth cengage.com/chemistry/masterton Chapter 17 Electrochemistry Oxidation Loss of electrons Occurs at electrode called the anode Reduction Gain of

More information

11.3. Electrolytic Cells. Electrolysis of Molten Salts. 524 MHR Unit 5 Electrochemistry

11.3. Electrolytic Cells. Electrolysis of Molten Salts. 524 MHR Unit 5 Electrochemistry 11.3 Electrolytic Cells Section Preview/ Specific Expectations In this section, you will identify the components of an electrolytic cell, and describe how they work describe electrolytic cells using oxidation

More information

Electrochemical Cell

Electrochemical Cell Electrochemical Cell Construction of Voltaic Cells Notation for Voltaic Cells Cell Potential Standard Cell Potentials and Standard Electrode Potentials Equilibrium Constants from Cell Potentials Dependence

More information

How to Assign Oxidation Numbers. Chapter 18. Principles of Reactivity: Electron Transfer Reactions. What is oxidation? What is reduction?

How to Assign Oxidation Numbers. Chapter 18. Principles of Reactivity: Electron Transfer Reactions. What is oxidation? What is reduction? Chapter 18 Principles of Reactivity: Electron Transfer Reactions What is oxidation? When a molecule/ion loses electrons (becomes more positive) Whatever is oxidized is the reducing agent What is reduction?

More information

4.4.1 Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development.

4.4.1 Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development. 4.4 Chemical changes Understanding of chemical changes began when people began experimenting with chemical reactions in a systematic way and organising their results logically. Knowing about these different

More information

Lithium Batteries. Rechargeable batteries

Lithium Batteries. Rechargeable batteries Lithium Batteries One of the main attractions of lithium as an anode material is its position as the most electronegative metal in the electrochemical series combined with its low density, thus offering

More information

Redox reactions Revision galvanic cells and fuel cells Lesson 7 Revise fuel cells by visiting the link below. www.dynamicscience.com.au/tester/solutions1/chemistry/redox/fuelcl.html 1) A fuel cell uses

More information

Class 12 Important Questions for Chemistry Electrochemistry

Class 12 Important Questions for Chemistry Electrochemistry Class 12 Important Questions for Chemistry Electrochemistry Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Which cell will measure standard electrode potential of copper electrode? o (i) Pt (s) H2 (g,0.1 bar) H

More information

Standard reduction potentials are established by comparison to the potential of which half reaction?

Standard reduction potentials are established by comparison to the potential of which half reaction? HW10 Electrochemical Poten al, Free Energy, and Applica ons This is a preview of the draft version of the quiz Started: Nov 8 at 5:51pm Quiz Instruc ons Question 1 What is the E for cell + 4+ 3+ Zn(s)

More information

5.4 Chemical changes Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development

5.4 Chemical changes Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development 5.4 Chemical changes Understanding of chemical changes began when people began experimenting with chemical reactions in a systematic way and organising their results logically. Knowing about these different

More information

Activity. Modeling the Fuel Cell Reaction. Overview. Advance Preparation. Background Information

Activity. Modeling the Fuel Cell Reaction. Overview. Advance Preparation. Background Information 4 Activity 1-2 class sessions Modeling the uel Cell Reaction 2011 Regents of the University of California Overview n order to understand the chemistry of fuel cells, students are introduced to oxidation-reduction

More information

Chapter 20 Electrochemistry

Chapter 20 Electrochemistry Chapter 20 Electrochemistry Learning goals and key skills: Identify oxidation, reduction, oxidizing agent, and reducing agent in a chemical equation Complete and balance redox equations using the method

More information

CHEMISTRY 13 Electrochemistry Supplementary Problems

CHEMISTRY 13 Electrochemistry Supplementary Problems 1. When the redox equation CHEMISTRY 13 Electrochemistry Supplementary Problems MnO 4 (aq) + H + (aq) + H 3 AsO 3 (aq) Mn 2+ (aq) + H 3 AsO 4 (aq) + H 2 O(l) is properly balanced, the coefficients will

More information

ELECTROCHEMISTRY OXIDATION-REDUCTION

ELECTROCHEMISTRY OXIDATION-REDUCTION ELECTROCHEMISTRY Electrochemistry involves the relationship between electrical energy and chemical energy. OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS SPONTANEOUS REACTIONS Can extract electrical energy from these.

More information

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Electrochemistry involves the study of the conversions between chemical and electrical energy. Voltaic (galvanic) cells use chemical reactions to produce an electric current.

More information

Electrochemical cells. Section 21.1

Electrochemical cells. Section 21.1 Electrochemical cells Section 21.1 Electrochemical processes Chemical process either release energy or absorb energy This does not have to be solely heat or light - sometimes it can be in the form of electricity

More information

Modeling of Liquid Water Distribution at Cathode Gas Flow Channels in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC

Modeling of Liquid Water Distribution at Cathode Gas Flow Channels in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC Modeling of Liquid Water Distribution at Cathode Gas Flow Channels in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC Sandro Skoda 1*, Eric Robalinho 2, André L. R. Paulino 1, Edgar F. Cunha 1, Marcelo Linardi

More information

Chapter 18 Electrochemistry. Electrochemical Cells

Chapter 18 Electrochemistry. Electrochemical Cells Chapter 18 Electrochemistry Chapter 18 1 Electrochemical Cells Electrochemical Cells are of two basic types: Galvanic Cells a spontaneous chemical reaction generates an electric current Electrolytic Cells

More information

Appendix A Electric Vehicle PEM Fuel Cell Stack Parameters

Appendix A Electric Vehicle PEM Fuel Cell Stack Parameters Appendix A Electric Vehicle PEM Fuel Cell Stack Parameters A.1 Return Manifold Polynomial Fitting Table A.1 Return manifold polynomial fitting Parameter Value Return manifold parameter p 0 0.001248 kg/s

More information

Effect of Operating Parameters on Performance of Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Effect of Operating Parameters on Performance of Alkaline Water Electrolysis Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering Volume 9, No. 2 (2015) 53-60 Effect of Operating Parameters on Performance of Alkaline Water Electrolysis Md S. Opu* Oorja Fuel Cells, Fremont, California,

More information

8. Draw Lewis structures and determine molecular geometry based on VSEPR Theory

8. Draw Lewis structures and determine molecular geometry based on VSEPR Theory Chemistry Grade 12 Outcomes 1 Quantum Chemistry and Atomic Structure Unit I 1. Perform calculations on wavelength, frequency and energy. 2. Have an understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum. 3. Relate

More information

Homework 11. Electrochemical Potential, Free Energy, and Applications

Homework 11. Electrochemical Potential, Free Energy, and Applications HW11 Electrochemical Poten!al, Free Energy, and Applica!ons Homework 11 Electrochemical Potential, Free Energy, and Applications Question 1 What is the E for Zn(s) Zn (aq) Ce (aq) Ce (aq) + cell + 4+ 3+

More information

Unit - 3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS) 3. Mention the purpose of salt-bridge placed between two half-cells of a galvanic cell?

Unit - 3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS) 3. Mention the purpose of salt-bridge placed between two half-cells of a galvanic cell? Unit - 3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1. What is a galvanic cell? VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS) 2. Give the cell representation for Daniell Cell. 3. Mention the purpose of salt-bridge placed between two half-cells

More information

Energy Conservation and Transformation

Energy Conservation and Transformation Goals Understand how redox reactions work Perform an electrolysis reaction Make calculations based on data Background For every action, there s an equal and opposite reaction, even at the atomic level.

More information

Fuel Cells Jong Hak Kim Chemical Engineering Yonsei University

Fuel Cells Jong Hak Kim Chemical Engineering Yonsei University 에너지소재특론 Fuel Cells Jong Hak Kim Chemical Engineering Yonsei University Fuel Cells Electrochemical cell which can continuously convert the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electrical energy PEMFC

More information

UNIT-II ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BATTERIES. Electrolysis: The changes in which electrical energy causes chemical reaction to occur.

UNIT-II ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BATTERIES. Electrolysis: The changes in which electrical energy causes chemical reaction to occur. ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BATTERIES Concept of electrochemistry: The branch of science which deals with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical energy and their inter-conversion of one form

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 18. Electrochemistry. Sherril Soman Grand Valley State University Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 18. Electrochemistry. Sherril Soman Grand Valley State University Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentation Chapter 18 Electrochemistry Sherril Soman Grand Valley State University Harnessing the Power in Nature The goal of scientific research is to understand nature. Once we understand the

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 20. Electrochemistry. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 20. Electrochemistry. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education Lecture Presentation Chapter 20 James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT is the study of the relationships between electricity and chemical reactions. It includes the study of both spontaneous and

More information

Modeling of a one dimensional Anode supported high temperature tubular SOFC

Modeling of a one dimensional Anode supported high temperature tubular SOFC International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555 Vol.10 No.6, pp 784-792, 2017 Modeling of a one dimensional Anode supported high temperature tubular

More information

Today s Objectives: and an electrolytic cell. standard cell potentials. Section 14.3 (pp )

Today s Objectives: and an electrolytic cell. standard cell potentials. Section 14.3 (pp ) Today s Objectives: 1. Identify the similarities and differences between a voltaic cell and an electrolytic cell 2. Predict the spontaneity of REDOX reactions based on standard cell potentials. 3. Recognize

More information

Sliding Mode Control for Stabilizing of Boost Converter in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Sliding Mode Control for Stabilizing of Boost Converter in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell BUGARAN ACADEMY OF SCENCES CYBERNETCS AND NFORMATON TECHNOOGES Volume 13, No 4 Sofia 013 Print SSN: 1311-970; Online SSN: 1314-4081 DO: 10.478/cait-013-0060 Sliding Mode Control for Stabilizing of Boost

More information

Introductory Lecture: Principle and Applications of Fuel Cells (Methanol/Air as Example)

Introductory Lecture: Principle and Applications of Fuel Cells (Methanol/Air as Example) 3 rd LAMNET Workshop Brazil -4 December 00 3 rd LAMNET Workshop Brazil 00 Introductory Lecture: Principle and Applications of Fuel Cells (Methanol/Air as Example) Prof. Dr. Wolf Vielstich University of

More information

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF A PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE (PEM) FUEL CELL IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF A PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE (PEM) FUEL CELL IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS Int. J. of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 015, vol.0, No., pp.319-38 DOI: 10.1515/ijame-015-001 ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF A PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE (PEM) FUEL CELL

More information

Electrochemistry 1 1

Electrochemistry 1 1 Electrochemistry 1 1 Half-Reactions 1. Balancing Oxidation Reduction Reactions in Acidic and Basic Solutions Voltaic Cells 2. Construction of Voltaic Cells 3. Notation for Voltaic Cells 4. Cell Potential

More information

Electrochemistry ELECTROCHEMISTRY. Electrodes. There are 2 types of electrochemical cell: 4/29/2012

Electrochemistry ELECTROCHEMISTRY. Electrodes. There are 2 types of electrochemical cell: 4/29/2012 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Electrochemistry Study of chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte)

More information

Chemistry 163B. Electrochemistry

Chemistry 163B. Electrochemistry Chemistry 163B Electrochemistry 1 activity coefficients for ions (HW9 #58) BaCl s Ba aq Cl aq a a ( ) ( ) ( ) K sp BaCl ( s) 1 a ( ) a Ba aq Cl ( aq) Ba Ba ( aq) Ba a Cl ( aq) Cl a Cl BaCl ( s) cannot

More information

CHEMISTRY - CLUTCH CH.18 - ELECTROCHEMISTRY.

CHEMISTRY - CLUTCH CH.18 - ELECTROCHEMISTRY. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS Chemists use some important terminology to describe the movement of electrons. In reactions we have the movement of electrons from one reactant

More information

UNIT IV NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

UNIT IV NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES POLLACHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY POOSARIPATTI, POLLACHI 642 205 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY I UNIT IV NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES PART-A 1. Define nuclear fission?

More information

Oxidation and Reduction. Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation and Reduction. Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation and Reduction ϒ When an element loses an electron, the process is called oxidation: Na(s) Na + (aq) + e - ϒ The net charge on an atom is called its oxidation state in this case, Na(s) has an

More information

Electrochemistry Pulling the Plug on the Power Grid

Electrochemistry Pulling the Plug on the Power Grid Electrochemistry 18.1 Pulling the Plug on the Power Grid 18.3 Voltaic (or Galvanic) Cells: Generating Electricity from Spontaneous Chemical Reactions 18.4 Standard Electrode Potentials 18.7 Batteries:

More information

Nernst voltage loss in oxyhydrogen fuel cells

Nernst voltage loss in oxyhydrogen fuel cells Nernst voltage loss in oxyhydrogen fuel cells Jinzhe Lyu (Division for Experimental Physics, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Ave. 43, Tomsk,

More information

Introduction to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)

Introduction to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Introduction to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Basics Electrochemistry Microstructure Effects Stacks Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) CATHODE: (La,Sr)(Mn)O 3 (LSM) LSM-YSZ ELECTROLYTE: ANODE: Y-doped ZrO 2 (YSZ) Ni-YSZ

More information

Fuel Cells Activation polarization

Fuel Cells Activation polarization Fuel Cells The principle of fuel cells Oxygen and hydrogen, when mixed together in the presence of enough activation energy have a natural tendency to react and form water, because the Gibbs free energy

More information

Transient carbon monoxide poisoning of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating on diluted hydrogen feed

Transient carbon monoxide poisoning of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating on diluted hydrogen feed Electrochimica Acta 49 (2004) 2333 2341 Transient carbon monoxide poisoning of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating on diluted hydrogen feed Krishan Kumar Bhatia, Chao-Yang Wang Electrochemical Engine

More information

PHYSICS. ElectroChemical Effects. Rishi Gopie

PHYSICS. ElectroChemical Effects. Rishi Gopie ElectroChemical Effects Rishi Gopie ELECTRO CHEMICAL EFFECTS Cells A cell is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by producing electrons during chemical reactions. It gives a steady

More information

CHEM 103: Chemistry in Context

CHEM 103: Chemistry in Context CHEM 103: Chemistry in Context Unit 4 Solution Chemistry Reading: Chapter 8 (parts) Unit 4.3 Oxidation and Reduction 1 Electronegativity and Oxidation Chapter 5 Electron pairs not equally shared Electronegativity

More information

CHEM Principles of Chemistry II. Chapter 17 - Electrochemistry

CHEM Principles of Chemistry II. Chapter 17 - Electrochemistry CHEM 1212 - Principles of Chemistry II Chapter 17 - Electrochemistry electrochemistry is best defined as the study of the interchange of chemical and electrical energy 17.1 Galvanic Cells an oxidation-reduction

More information

A Current-Voltage Model for Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis of Steam Using Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC)

A Current-Voltage Model for Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis of Steam Using Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) 15 th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Rhodes, Greece, 31 August to 2 September 2017 A Current-Voltage Model for Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis of Steam Using Solid

More information

Introduction to electrochemistry

Introduction to electrochemistry Introduction to electrochemistry Oxidation reduction reactions involve energy changes. Because these reactions involve electronic transfer, the net release or net absorption of energy can occur in the

More information

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions (4.4) 2) The ox. state of an element in a simple ion is the charge of the ion. Ex:

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions (4.4) 2) The ox. state of an element in a simple ion is the charge of the ion. Ex: Redox reactions: Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions (4.4) Oxidation & reduction always occur simultaneously We use OXIDATION NUMBERS to keep track of electron transfers Rules for Assigning Oxidation

More information

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions Reactions in which there are changes in oxidation state (oxidation number) between reactants and products 2 MnO 4- + 10 Br - + 16 H + 2 Mn 2+ + 5 Br 2 + 8 H 2 O One

More information

Allen J. Bard, Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás (Netz Arroyo), Jinho Chang, Brent Bennett. Department of Chemistry and Center for Electrochemistry

Allen J. Bard, Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás (Netz Arroyo), Jinho Chang, Brent Bennett. Department of Chemistry and Center for Electrochemistry REDOX Allen J. Bard, Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás (Netz Arroyo), Jinho Chang, Brent Bennett Department of Chemistry and Center for Electrochemistry The University of Texas at Austin 1 What is a redox

More information

FUEL CELLS in energy technology (4)

FUEL CELLS in energy technology (4) Fuel Cells 1 FUEL CELLS in energy technology (4) Werner Schindler Department of Physics Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics TU Munich summer term 213 Fuel Cells 2 Nernst equation and its application to fuel

More information

Redox reactions & electrochemistry

Redox reactions & electrochemistry Redox reactions & electrochemistry Electrochemistry Electrical energy ; Chemical energy oxidation/reduction = redox reactions Electrochemistry Zn + Cu 2+ º Zn 2+ + Cu Oxidation-reduction reactions always

More information

Chapter 7 Electrochemistry

Chapter 7 Electrochemistry Chapter 7 Electrochemistry Outside class reading Levine: pp. 417 14.4 Galvanic cells: pp. 423 14.5 types of reversible electrodes 7.6.1 Basic concepts of electrochemical apparatus (1) Electrochemical apparatus

More information

Electrolysis and Faraday's laws of Electrolysis

Electrolysis and Faraday's laws of Electrolysis Electrolysis and Faraday's laws of Electrolysis Electrolysis is defined as the passage of an electric current through an electrolyte with subsequent migration of positively and negatively charged ions

More information

FUEL CELLS: INTRODUCTION

FUEL CELLS: INTRODUCTION FUEL CELLS: INTRODUCTION M. OLIVIER marjorie.olivier@fpms.ac.be 19/5/8 A SIMPLE FUEL CELL Two electrochemical half reactions : H 1 O H + + H + e + + e H O These reactions are spatially separated: Electrons:

More information

Section Electrochemistry represents the interconversion of chemical energy and electrical energy.

Section Electrochemistry represents the interconversion of chemical energy and electrical energy. Chapter 21 Electrochemistry Section 21.1. Electrochemistry represents the interconversion of chemical energy and electrical energy. Electrochemistry involves redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions because

More information

Experiment 28 DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL

Experiment 28 DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL Experiment 28 Direct methanol fuel cell 1 Experiment 28 DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL Objective The purpose of this experiment is to learn the principle of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and set up a simple

More information

Applications of Voltaic Cells

Applications of Voltaic Cells Applications of Voltaic Cells Lesson 4 chapter 13 Objective You will be able to explain how the development of the voltaic cell had affected society. Dry Cells Since voltaic cells are not portable, dry

More information

General Chemistry 1412 Spring 2008 Instructor: Dr. Shawn Amorde Website:

General Chemistry 1412 Spring 2008 Instructor: Dr. Shawn Amorde Website: General Chemistry 1412 Spring 2008 Instructor: Dr. Shawn Amorde Website: www.austincc.edu/samorde Email: samorde@austincc.edu Lecture Notes Chapter 21 (21.1-21.25) Suggested Problems () Outline 1. Introduction

More information

6. Computational Design of Energy-related Materials

6. Computational Design of Energy-related Materials 6. Computational Design of Energy-related Materials Contents 6.1 Atomistic Simulation Methods for Energy Materials 6.2 ab initio design of photovoltaic materials 6.3 Solid Ion Conductors for Fuel Cells

More information

Electrochemistry. Goal: Understand basic electrochemical reactions. Half Cell Reactions Nernst Equation Pourbaix Diagrams.

Electrochemistry. Goal: Understand basic electrochemical reactions. Half Cell Reactions Nernst Equation Pourbaix Diagrams. Electrochemistry Goal: Understand basic electrochemical reactions Concepts: Electrochemical Cell Half Cell Reactions Nernst Equation Pourbaix Diagrams Homework: Applications Battery potential calculation

More information

CHAPTER 5 REVIEW. C. CO 2 D. Fe 2 O 3. A. Fe B. CO

CHAPTER 5 REVIEW. C. CO 2 D. Fe 2 O 3. A. Fe B. CO CHAPTER 5 REVIEW 1. The following represents the process used to produce iron from iron III oxide: Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO 2 What is the reducing agent in this process? A. Fe B. CO C. CO 2 D. Fe 2 O 3

More information

Topic 5.3 REDOX EQUILIBRIA. Oxidation and Reduction Electrochemical Cells and Fuel Cells The Electrochemical Series Spontaneous Reactions

Topic 5.3 REDOX EQUILIBRIA. Oxidation and Reduction Electrochemical Cells and Fuel Cells The Electrochemical Series Spontaneous Reactions Topic 5.3 REDOX EQUILIBRIA Oxidation and Reduction Electrochemical Cells and Fuel Cells The Electrochemical Series Spontaneous Reactions OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Redox reactions were studied extensively

More information

Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage. Truls Norby 1.1

Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage. Truls Norby 1.1 Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Truls Norby 1.1 Preface This text is being written in the first round to serve as curriculum for parts of the course MEF3200/MEF4200 Energy Materials

More information

AQA Chemistry Checklist

AQA Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Atomic structure Video: Atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in the periodic table, the elements in Groups 1 and 7, and other elements in this

More information

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS NAME ROW PD

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS NAME ROW PD 4-26-12 NAME ROW PD (1) Which statement describes the redox reaction that occurs when an object is electroplated? The diagram below shows the electrolysis of fused KCl. A) It is spontaneous and requires

More information

BIG IDEAS. Reaction Kinetics Reactants must collide to react. Conditions surrounding a reaction determine its rate.

BIG IDEAS. Reaction Kinetics Reactants must collide to react. Conditions surrounding a reaction determine its rate. Area of Learning: SCIENCE Chemistry Grade 12 Ministry of Education BIG IDEAS Dynamic Equilibrium Solubility Equilibrium Acids and Bases Oxidation-Reduction Some chemical reactions are reversible and proceed

More information

Electrochemistry Pearson Education, Inc. Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School AP Chemistry

Electrochemistry Pearson Education, Inc. Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School AP Chemistry 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School AP Chemistry Electricity from Chemistry Many chemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons between atoms or ions electron transfer

More information

Chemistry 12 - Learning Outcomes

Chemistry 12 - Learning Outcomes Chemistry 12 - Learning Outcomes A: Chapt 1. Reaction Kinetics - (Introduction) A1. give examples of reactions proceeding at different rates A2. describe rate in terms of some quantity (produced or consumed)

More information

PGM-free OER Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer

PGM-free OER Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer PGM-free OER Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Di-Jia Liu, Argonne National Laboratory November 14, 2017 HydroGEN Kick-Off Meeting, National Renewable Energy Laboratory HydroGEN Kick-Off

More information