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1 Physical cience HMTRY () N H M T R Y cience - hemistry of Physical cience (hemistry) Permission granted to reproduce for individual use only nrichment4you.com ( ) LARN * DRAM * AWAKN* DOVR * NLGHTN * NVTGAT * QUTON * XPLOR

2 Physical cience HMTRY () N H M T R Y hemistry of Hydogen This nrichment4you e-guide provides an overview of hydrogen, including its discovery, uses, and scientific aspects. *What exactly is hydrogen? *ommercial and scientific uses of hydrogen * in daily life *Plus much more! NRHMNT4YOU Published by Henrich ncorporated opyright 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without first obtaining the written permission of the copyright owner. Physical cience (hemistry) Permission granted to reproduce for individual use only nrichment4you.com ( ) LARN * DRAM * AWAKN* DOVR * NLGHTN * NVTGAT * QUTON * XPLOR

3 Physical cience HMTRY () NTRODUTON This nrichment4you e-guide is an overview of hydrogen. n this PDF, topics range from the history of hydrogen, everyday uses, unique properties, and how it reacts with other elements. Also included in this PDF is a worksheet for the lesson and an experiment with an answer key. Physical cience (hemistry) Permission granted to reproduce for individual use only nrichment4you.com ( ) LARN * DRAM * AWAKN* DOVR * NLGHTN * NVTGAT * QUTON * XPLOR

4 Physical cience HMTRY () Fun Fact: gas is used in particle accelerators as ammo for particle collisions. During the Middle Ages an alchemist known as Paracelsus discovered when an acid and metal come in contact, bubbles of a flammable gas are released. Paracelsus did not know that the gas which was released was actually hydrogen. Later in 1766, an early chemist known as Henry avendish realized that the gas produced by an acid and a metal was actually a new element. hemistry of Discovery Paracelsus avendish collected the hydrogen gas and noticed when a flame was brought near the bottle, there was a loud bang and water formed inside the container. He discovered when oxygen and hydrogen react (back then called deplogisticated air and inflammable air respectively), small droplets of water formed on the walls of the bottle. avendish correctly deduced that water contains both hydrogen and oxygen. avendish even discovered the proportion of hydrogen to oxygen in water (2:1 ratio)! avendish s apparatus for collecting hydrogen 1 Permission granted to reproduce for individual use only nrichment4you.com ( ) LARN * DRAM * AWAKN* DOVR * NLGHTN * NVTGAT * QUTON * XPLOR Physical cience (hemistry)

5 Physical cience HMTRY () Fun Fact: The Fun electron Fact: has The a mass electron that is roughly about 1500 times lighter less than thana a proton! Basic Properties, denoted by a H on the periodic chart, is the most abundant element in the entire universe. Over 90% of the matter in the universe is hydrogen! is also the simplest element in the entire periodic table. An atom of hydrogen is made of one proton and one electron. The electron orbits the proton like a planet orbits a star. The proton is positively charged while the electron is negatively charged which causes them to be attracted to each other. gas can also be ionized which means that its electron is stripped off leaving just the proton. The ability of hydrogen to be ionized plays an important role in biology as well as chemistry. Physical cience (hemistry) is also the lightest element. One atom of hydrogen has a mass of approximately 1.01 AMUs (atomic mass units). For example, one atom of iron has a mass almost 55 times greater than hydrogen! ince hydrogen is so light, it does not have a big impact on the mass of a molecule (a molecule is combination of two or more atoms). Water has two hydrogens and one oxygen (H 2 O), but 88% of the mass of one molecule of A drawing of a water molecule water comes from just one oxygen! A hydrogen atom is also incredibly small, roughly 100 million hydrogen atoms could fit in an inch. 2 Permission granted to reproduce for individual use only nrichment4you.com ( ) LARN * DRAM * AWAKN* DOVR * NLGHTN * NVTGAT * QUTON * XPLOR