Topics in Current Chemistry

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1 Topics in Current Chemistry Collections Journal Editors Massimo Olivucci, Siena, Italy and Bowling Green, USA Wai-Yeung Wong, Hong Kong Series Editors Hagan Bayley, Oxford, UK Kendall N. Houk, Los Angeles, USA Greg Hughes, Codexis Inc, USA Christopher A. Hunter, Cambridge, UK Seong-Ju Hwang, Seoul, South Korea Kazuaki Ishihara, Nagoya, Japan Barbara Kirchner, Bonn, Germany Michael J. Krische, Austin, Texas Delmar Larsen, Davis, USA Jean-Marie Lehn, Strasbourg, France Rafael Luque, Córdoba, Spain Jay S. Siegel, Tianjin, China Joachim Thiem, Hamburg, Germany Margherita Venturi, Bologna, Italy Chi-Huey Wong, Taipei, Taiwan Henry N.C. Wong, Hong Kong Vivian Wing-Wah Yam, Hong Kong Chunhua Yan, Beijing, China Shu-Li You, Shanghai, China

2 Aims and Scope The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. More information about this series at

3 Margherita Venturi Mila D Angelantonio Editors Applications of Radiation Chemistry in the Fields of Industry, Biotechnology and Environment With contributions from Krzysztof Bobrowski Emilio Bucio Ana Maria del Carmen Calvo Luigi Campajola Maria Helena Casimiro Andrzej G. Chmielewski Mila D Angelantonio Francesco Di Capua C. Dispenza Andrea Docters Luís M. Ferreira Susana R. Gomes Bumsoo Han M. Jonsson Joana J. H. Lancastre Jesús E. López-Barriguete Felipe López-Saucedo María Virginia Miranda Suresh D. Pillai Víctor H. Pino-Ramos Alejandro Ramos-Ballesteros Alexandra P. Rodrigues Gabriela Rodrigues Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat Shima Shayanfar Konrad Skotnicki G. Spadaro Tomasz Szreder Erzsébet Takács Gustavo H. C. Varca Margherita Venturi László Wojnárovits Raissa F. Zaikina Yuriy A. Zaikin

4 Editors Margherita Venturi University of Bologna Bologna, Italy Mila D Angelantonio ISOF-CNR Bologna, Italy Originally published in Top Curr Chem (Z) Volume 374 (2016), Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 ISSN ISSN (electronic) Topics in Current Chemistry Collections ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

5 Contents Editorial... vii Margherita Venturi, Mila D Angelantonio Radiation Induced Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Waters and Wastewaters... 1 László Wojnárovits, Erzsébet Takács Electron Beam Technology for Environmental Pollution Control Andrzej G. Chmielewski, Bumsoo Han Radiation Grafting for the Functionalization and Development of Smart Polymeric Materials Víctor H. Pino-Ramos, Alejandro Ramos-Ballesteros, Felipe López-Saucedo, Jesús E. López-Barriguete, Gustavo H. C. Varca, Emilio Bucio Radiation Engineering of Multifunctional Nanogels C. Dispenza, G. Spadaro, M. Jonsson Chitosan-Based Matrices Prepared by Gamma Irradiation for Tissue Regeneration: Structural Properties vs. Preparation Method Maria Helena Casimiro, Joana J. H. Lancastre, Alexandra P. Rodrigues, Susana R. Gomes, Gabriela Rodrigues, Luís M. Ferreira Application of Radiation Chemistry to Some Selected Technological Issues Related to the Development of Nuclear Energy Krzysztof Bobrowski, Konrad Skotnicki, Tomasz Szreder Upgrading and Refining of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products by Ionizing Irradiation Yuriy A. Zaikin, Raissa F. Zaikina The Use of Gamma Radiation for the Treatment of Cultural Heritage in the Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission: Past, Present, and Future Ana Maria del Carmen Calvo, Andrea Docters, María Virginia Miranda, Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat v

6 Contents Electron Beam Technology and Other Irradiation Technology Applications in the Food Industry Suresh D. Pillai, Shima Shayanfar Applications of Accelerators and Radiation Sources in the Field of Space Research and Industry Luigi Campajola, Francesco Di Capua Erratum to: Radiation Engineering of Multifunctional Nanogels... E1 C. Dispenza, G. Spadaro, M. Jonsson Erratum to: Application of Radiation Chemistry to Some Selected Technological Issues Related to the Development of Nuclear Energy... E3 Krzysztof Bobrowski, Konrad Skotnicki, Tomasz Szreder vi

7 Top Curr Chem (Z) (2017) 375:11 DOI /s EDITORIAL Editorial Margherita Venturi 1 Mila D Angelantonio 2 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 The chemical effects of high-energy radiations, such as those emitted by radioactive substances, generated by high-energy machines and nuclear reactors, concern a branch of chemistry called radiation chemistry. This term was proposed by Milton Burton in 1942 for the needs of the Manhattan Project, the secret atomic energy research program carried out in the United States during the Second World War. It is interesting to notice, however, that the first radiation-chemical change was observed as early as 1895 by Röntgen when he established the existence of a penetrating, invisible radiation X-rays able to fog a photographic plate. Indeed, as Burton wrote (C&EN, 1969, Feb. 10, 86): In May 1942, the title radiation chemistry did not exist I sought an appropriate name for an area that we quickly realized has existed for 47 years without any name at all. The name radiation chemistry came out of the hopper; I didn t like it; I asked Robert Mulliken advice. He couldn t think of anything better and, with that negative endorsement, the old field received its present name. Since that time, radiation chemistry has developed at an incredible rate. For at least 30 years the interest focused on basic research, exploiting steady-state and timeresolved techniques, in the field not only of chemistry, but also physics and biology. These studies, reported in a large number of papers and books, endeavored to understand the mechanisms of a wide variety of radiolytically induced reactions, and to collect kinetic data and absorption spectra of the unstable species formed by the interaction of high-energy radiations with very different systems, as far as chemical This article is part of the Topical Collection Applications of Radiation Chemistry ; edited by Margherita Venturi, Mila D Angelantonio. & Margherita Venturi margherita.venturi@unibo.it 1 2 University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy vii

8 Top Curr Chem (Z) (2017)375:11 composition and aggregation state are concerned. These radiations were soon found to induce useful chemical changes in various substrates resulting in their use for diverse applications. The first applications were in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but a variety of interesting industrial applications rapidly emerged, such as sterilization of different materials and polymer preparation, modification, and degradation. The applicative aspect of radiation chemistry strongly expanded, taking advantage of the great amount of results provided by basic studies, so that today highenergy radiations are employed with various aims in several other fields like environment, biotechnology, cultural heritage, and food treatment. These spectacular advances are illustrated in the present topical collection of Topics in Current Chemistry that showcases contributions from the most prominent expert groups. It indeed reports the outstanding developments in the industrial, biotechnological, and environmental fields including several recent and interesting topics. These are (a) radiation-induced degradation of organic pollutants in waters and wastewaters, (b) advantages of radiation technology for upgrading and refining high-viscous oils and petroleum products, (c) use of gamma radiations for treating cultural heritage, (d) application of radiation chemistry to solve some technological issues related to nuclear energy, (e) radiation-induced grafting for the functionalization and development of smart polymeric materials, (f) radiation engineering of multifunctional nanogels, (g) chitosan-based matrices prepared by gamma irradiation for tissue regeneration, (h) electron beam technology for environmental pollution control, (i) radiation technology applications in the food industry, and (j) application of radiation sources and accelerators in the field of space research and industry. We believe that this topical collection represents a good opportunity not only to highlight the research activities carried out by exploiting the peculiar features of the high-energy radiation with non-experts, but also to stimulate the interest of a wide range of readers for this relatively new field. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to the colleagues who committed to deliver high-quality contributions, and to the editorial staff at Springer for their support throughout the development of this topical collection. Margherita Venturi viii

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