Stokes-shift-engineered Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots. for Efficient Luminescent Solar Concentrators. Supporting Information

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1 Stokes-shift-engineered Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots for Efficient Luminescent Solar Concentrators Supporting Information Sadra Sadeghi,+, Houman Bahmani Jalali,+, Rustamzhon Melikov Ϯ, Baskaran Ganesh Kumar Ϯ, Mohammad Mohammadi Aria, Cleva W. Ow-Yang ф,, Ϯ,*, and Sedat Nizamoglu Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey. Ϯ Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey. ф Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey. + These authors have contributed equally to this work. * Corresponding author snizamoglu@ku.edu.tr S-1

2 TEM images of InP core, InP/2ZnO and InP/5ZnO QDs Figure S1. The TEM images and size distribution of (a) InP core, (b) InP/2ZnO, and (c) InP/5ZnO QDs. Inset: the Z-contrast image of InP/5ZnO QDs. S-2

3 Based on TEM images, we performed monolayer calculation and the results were showed in Table S1. The definition of the monolayer here is the ZnO shell which measures 5.2 Å (along [002] plane due to the wurtzite structure). Hence, the number of monolayers based on the amount of zinc precursor which was used for each number of shelling can be calculated from the TEM images. Table S1. Calculations of monolayer coverage based on TEM images. monolayer size (nm) coverage Zinc precursor volume (µl) (layer-by-layer) InP core 1.95 ± InP/2ZnO 3.01 ± InP/5ZnO 4.31 ± S-3

4 SEM-EDX measurement of InP core, InP/2ZnO and InP/5ZnO QDs Figure S2. SEM-EDX measurement of (a) InP core, (b) InP/2ZnO and (c) InP/5ZnO QDs. Table S2. The quantitative analysis of SEM-EDX measurement from InP, InP/2ZnO and InP/5ZnO. InP InP/2ZnO InP/5ZnO Phosphorus wt% ± 2.53% wt% ± 3.57% wt% ± 4.53% Indium wt% ± 11.51% wt% ± 10.43% wt% ± 8.21% Zinc wt% ± 3.48% wt% ± 4.08% wt% ± 4.96% S-4

5 XRD measurement of InP/ZnO QDs Figure S3. The XRD measurement of InP/2ZnO QDs. S-5

6 Calculation of absorbance and photoluminescence spectral overlap Figure S4. (a) The cross-sectional area of absorbance and photoluminescence spectra of synthesized quantum dots decreased with increasing the amount of shell volume. (b) The change of normalized reabsorption with respect to increasing the shell volume. S-6

7 Device fabrication Figure S5. CAD drawing of the mold design from (a) top and (b) side view, respectively. (c) The fabricated aluminum mold after machining. The scale bar represents 2cm. S-7

8 The FTIR spectra of the samples Figure S6. The FT-IR measurement of PDMS, InP, InP/2ZnO and InP/5ZnO. The FT-IR spectra proved the fact that when QDs were incorporated into the PDMS polymer, the chemical properties of the PDMS were not changed. It shows both the PDMS capability to contain QDs and QDs perfect integration into the PDMS host. S-8

9 The optical parameters of the output intensity spectra from LSCs excited by solar spectrum Table S3-Calculated Optical parameters of LSC under solar simulator spectrum CRI CCT (K) (x,y) coordinates Solar spectrum (0.33,0.40) PDMS (0.33,0.40) InP/2ZnO (0.36,0.42) InP/5ZnO (0.34,0.41) S-9

10 The effect of concentration on the optical efficiency of QD-LSC Figure S7. The simulation and experimental results of optical efficiencies for LSCs with different loading concentrations of InP/5ZnO quantum dots. S-10

11 The effect of concentration on the output intensity spectra from LSCs excited by solar spectrum Figure S8. The intensity spectra of illuminated LSCs with different loading concentrations of quantum dots. S-11