Processes to elucidate: - Emissions - Entrainment - Chemistry - In-cloud scavenging
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1 Whiteface Mountain Workshop Can ver(cally-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide informa(on about ver(cal mixing and boundary layer-free troposphere Processes to elucidate: - Emissions - Entrainment - Chemistry - In-cloud scavenging
2 Whiteface Mountain Workshop Can ver(cally-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide informa(on about ver(cal mixing and boundary layer-free troposphere Processes to elucidate: - Emissions - Entrainment - Chemistry - In-cloud scavenging Dras?cally different environments between Aerosol/drop phase
3 Whiteface Mountain Workshop Can ver(cally-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide informa(on about ver(cal mixing and boundary layer-free troposphere Processes to elucidate: - Emissions - Entrainment - Chemistry - In-cloud scavenging Dras?cally different environments between Aerosol/drop phase Cloud processing Cloud water Dust ph ~ 6 Produc5on/dissolu5on of organic acids, sulfate, nitrate, chloride Region of organic-mediated Fe dissolu5on Cycling Clear-sky processing Dust Region of acid Fe, P dissolu5on Aerosol water ph~0-2
4 Some recent field data (you ve seen) as an example. Type air masses Biomass burning vs Urban vs region background
5 DC3: Some things make sense and some are surprising. Measurements From DC3 (median of 12 storms) HNO 3 is mostly lost, other hygroscopics less owing to the different processes. CO is mostly conserved. OuUlow/inflow ra(o for BrC is about 75%, no(ceably higher than those for hygroscopic aerosol (BC coated?; OA, SO 4 ) and soluble gases (HNO 3, HCHO). Ca is surprisingly conserved.
6 DC3: Some things make sense and some are surprising. DC3 Corr, C. A., L. D. Ziemba, E. Scheuer, B. E. Anderson, A. J. Beyersdorf, G. Chen, E. Crosbie, R. H. Moore, M. Shook, K. L. Thornhill, E. Winstead, R. P. Lawson, M. C. Barth, J. R. Schroeder, D. R. Blake, and J. E. Dibb (2016), Observational evidence for the convective transport of dust over the Central United States, J. Geophys. Res., 121, Study by Corr et al. also supports this trend (for SO 4 as well)
7 Things to measure: inflow, in-cloud, ouslow to understand processes. Courtesy: S.Lance Rapid/High resolu(on measurements can also provide important insights on mixing especially if the (mescales are apporpriate.
8 Whiteface Mountain Workshop Can ver(cally-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide informa(on about ver(cal mixing and boundary layer-free troposphere Processes to consider: - Emissions - Entrainment - Chemistry - In-cloud scavenging Yes, but consider species with a range in - Hygroscopicity/solubility - Ver?cal concentra?on gradient - Respose to acid exposure (H+ or ph) - Produc?on/loss mechanisms - Isotopic signatures - Life?me (e.g., CH 4, CO) -... What species do we consider? Timescales to consider them as tracers? How to apply models to interpret and obtain process rates? Uncertain(es?
9 Summary from Discussion
10 Can vertically-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide information about vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere
11 Can vertically-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide information about vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere Yes! Alternate (better?) question(s): What measurements are needed to diagnose vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere What measurements are needed to identify the mechanisms driving mixing? Are there novel methods, such as analysis of heterogeneous and homogeneous mixing, that can provide new information?
12 Can vertically-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide information about vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere Yes! Alternate (better?) question(s): What measurements are needed to diagnose vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere What measurements are needed to identify the mechanisms driving mixing? Are there novel methods, such as analysis of heterogeneous and homogeneous mixing, that can provide new information? Key discussion points Dynamics is critically important to understand the distribution of ages inside/outside the cloudy environment. Mixing type (lateral, cloud top, hom/het) needs definition. A Hillcloud experiment may occationally be possible but challenging. Cloud climatology/dynamics is not well known for WFM.
13 Can vertically-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide information about vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere Yes! Alternate (better?) question(s): What measurements are needed to diagnose vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere What measurements are needed to identify the mechanisms driving mixing? Are there novel methods, such as analysis of heterogeneous and homogeneous mixing, that can provide new information? Key discussion points Dynamics is critically important to understand the distribution of ages inside/outside the cloudy environment. Mixing type (lateral, cloud top, hom/het) needs definition. A Hillcloud experiment may occationally be possible but challenging. Cloud climatology/dynamics is not well known for WFM. Needs Lidar/Radar to map boundary layer/clouds and static stability Vertical profiling/sondes/aircraft (in addition to remote sensing) Dynamics of BL evolution and of flow around/over WFM (meteorologist). Multiple simple chemical tracers (VOCs, O 3, CO) with high resolution (1s) as an indicator of dynamical/ chemical processes (types of mixing and location).
14 Can vertically-resolved measurements of chemical species in clouds provide information about vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere Yes! Alternate (better?) question(s): What measurements are needed to diagnose vertical mixing and boundary layer/free troposphere What measurements are needed to identify the mechanisms driving mixing? Are there novel methods, such as analysis of heterogeneous and homogeneous mixing, that can provide new information? Key discussion points Dynamics is critically important to understand the distribution of ages inside/outside the cloudy environment. Mixing type (lateral, cloud top, hom/het) needs definition. A Hillcloud experiment may occationally be possible but challenging. Cloud climatology/dynamics is not well known for WFM. Needs Lidar/Radar to map boundary layer/clouds and static stability Vertical profiling/sondes/aircraft (in addition to remote sensing) Dynamics of BL evolution and of flow around/over WFM (meteorologist). Multiple simple chemical tracers (VOCs, O 3, CO) with high resolution (1s) as an indicator of dynamical/ chemical processes (types of mixing and location).
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