Template-free synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon materials from an organic ionic dye (Murexide) for supercapacitor application

Transcription

1 Electronic upplementary Material (EI) for RC Advances. This journal is The Royal ociety of Chemistry 2017 Electronic upplementary Information (EI) Template-free synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon materials from an organic ionic dye (Murexide) for supercapacitor application Monazza erwar a,b, Usman Ali Rana c*, Humaira M. iddiqi a*, alah Ud-Din Khan c, Fekri A. Ahmed Ali d, Ahmed Al- Fatesh d, Arturas Adomkevicius b, Jose A. Coca-Clemente b, Laura Cabo-Fernandez b, Filipe Braga b, Laurence J. Hardwick b * a Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. humairas@qau.edu.pk b tephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZF, United Kingdom * c ustainable Energy Technologies (ET) centre, college of engineering, PO Box 800, King aud University, Riyadh 11421, audi Arabia. urana@ksu.edu.sa d Chemical Engineering Department, college of engineering, PO Box 800, King aud University, Riyadh 11421, audi Arabia.

2 Contents Table 1: Elemental composition of NCM (MDE) -X by CHN microanalysis...3 Table 2: Porosity analysis of NCM (MDE) -700, NCM (MDE)-800 and NCM (MDE)-900 samples from BET...6 Figure 1: TGA of murexide under N 2 flow...3 Figure 2: EM image and ED elemental maps of NCM (MDE) Figure 3: TEM images for NCM (MDE)-800 and their corresponding AED pattern in two different areas of the sample. Figure (b) shows the diffraction from the lattice in the crystalline part and (d) diffuse rings from the amorphous area....4 Figure 4: N 2 adsorption desorption Isotherms for NCM (MDE)-X samples via Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) characterization...5 Figure 5: PD curves of NCM (MDE)-800 samples with inset indicating the pore size distribution up to 10 nm...5 Figure 6: Bode plots for NCM (MDE) -700, NCM (MDE) -800 and NCM (MDE) -900 electrodes...6 Figure 7: Cyclic voltammograms of NCM (MDE) -X: (a) NCM (MDE) -700, (b) NCM (MDE) -800, and (c) NCM (MDE) at different scan rates in 1.0 M H 2 O Figure 8: Electrochemical impedance spectra; (a) Nyquist plot, (b) Nyquist plot: magnified region 0-0.8Ω) and (c) Bode plot of NDM (MDE) -800 electrode show the effect of long CD cycling upto 10,000cycles at 10A g Figure 9: Cyclic voltammograms of NCM (MDE) -800 electrode at different scan rates in different electrolytes; (a) 1.0 M H 2 O 4, (b) 6.0 M KOH and (c) 0.5 M Na 2 O

3 Table 1: Elemental composition of NCM (MDE) -X by CHN microanalysis ample ID C H N NCM (MDE) NCM (MDE) NCM (MDE) Thermal studies Morphology characterization Figure 1: TGA of murexide under N 2 flow. 3

4 Figure 2: EM image and ED elemental maps of NCM (MDE)-800. Figure 3: TEM images for NCM (MDE)-800 and their corresponding AED pattern in two different areas of the sample. Figure (b) shows the diffraction from the lattice in the crystalline part and (d) diffuse rings from the amorphous area. 4

5 BET Isotherms Figure 4: N 2 adsorption desorption Isotherms for NCM (MDE)-X samples via Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) characterization. PD curves Figure 5: PD curves for NCM (MDE)-700, NCM (MDE)-800 and NCM (MDE)-900. The inset displays the pore size distribution data for these materials up to 10 nm. 5

6 Table 2: BET analysis data for NCM (MDE) -700, NCM (MDE)-800 and NCM (MDE)-900. BET Parameter NCM (MDE) -700 NCM (MDE) -800 NCM (MDE) -900 urface Area (m 2 g 1 ) Average pore diameter (nm) t-plot micropore volume (cm 3 g 1 ) Total pore volume (cm 3 g 1 ) Average particle size (nm) Electrochemical tudies Figure 6: Bode plots for NCM (MDE) -700, NCM (MDE) -800 and NCM (MDE) -900 electrodes 6

7 Figure 7: Cyclic voltammograms of (a) NCM (MDE) -700, (b) NCM (MDE) -800, and (c) NCM (MDE) -900 at different scan rates in 1.0 M H 2 O 4. Figure 8: Electrochemical impedance spectra; (a) Nyquist plot, (b) Nyquist plot: magnified region 0-0.8Ω) and (c) Bode plot of NDM (MDE) -800 electrode show the effect of long CD cycling upto 10,000cycles at 10A g 1. 7

8 Figure 9: Cyclic voltammograms of NCM (MDE) -800 electrode at different scan rates in different electrolytes; (a) 1.0 M H 2 O 4, (b) 6.0 M KOH and (c) 0.5 M Na 2 O 4 No major shape changes are observed in the CV curves recorded in 1 M H 2 O 4(aq) and 6 M KOH (aq) with increasing scan rate, particularly at high scan rate of 200mV s 1 Figure 9. This indicates that NCM (MDE) has high rate capability in both acidic and basic electrolyte media. In contrast, the CV curves recorded in 0.5 M Na 2 O 4(aq), clearly show a distortion in the shape as the scan rate increases, indicating a poor rate capability in this electrolyte system when compared with acid and basic media. 8