Comparison of Direct Electron and Photon Activation Measurements with FLUKA Predictions
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1 Comparison of Direct Electron and Photon Activation Measurements with FLUKA Predictions P. Degtiarenko, G. Kharashvili, V. Vylet Jefferson Lab 2 nd FLUKA Advanced Course and Workshop Sept 2012, Vancouver
2 Jefferson Lab Layout GeV CEBAF Upgrade magnets and power supplies CHL-2 Two GeV linacs Enhanced capabilities in existing Halls Lower pass beam energies still available
3 FLUKA at Jefferson Lab Modeling interaction of up to 12 GeV e - and γ beams with targets, beamline components, etc. Background; Radiation damage; Shielding; Activation and subsequent exposure levels. Electronuclear interaction mechanism is not included in FLUKA Closely related to photonuclear interaction; Is of significant importance in thin targets (<5% X 0 )
4 Motivation and Opportunity Photon and neutron activation: Check FLUKA (and our use of it!). Direct electron activation: Evaluate relative importance for radiation environments typical to Jefferson Lab. Opportunity: JLab Hall A experiment: measurement of the proton's transverse spin structure function - g p 2; 2.2 and 3.3 GeV e - beams dumped on a specially designed beam dump; Allowed us to place thin foils on the face of the dump.
5 g p 2 Layout Target Chamber Beam Dump
6 g p 2 Target Chamber and Beam Dump Beam Dump Target Chamber
7 g p 2 Target Chamber 6º 6º
8 g p 2 Target Chamber 4º 4º
9 g 2 p Beam Dump
10 g p 2 Beam Dump FLUKA Model
11 g p 2 Beam Dump FLUKA Model
12 g p 2 Beam Dump FLUKA Model 2.2GeV at 6º
13 g p 2 Beam Dump FLUKA Model 3.3GeV at 4º
14 g p 2 Beam Dump FLUKA Model
15 g p 2 Beam Dump FLUKA Model 0.6 % X % X % X % X % X 0 W
16 Electron and Photon Fluences Electron fluence Photon fluence 3.35-GeV e - beam incident with 4º angle
17 Beam Monitoring During Sample Irradiation Beam Current (na) Time (Days, May 2012)
18 Radiochromic Films Used to Monitor Beam Spot 2 cm 2.2 GeV 3.3 GeV
19 Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis Samples were analyzed with high-purity germanium detector using GENIE 2000 spectroscopy software and ISOCS/LabSOCS calibration software by Canberra. Proper QC procedures were implemented: characterization source checks, spiked sample counting, etc.
20 Preliminary Results Some potential sources of systematic errors need to be looked at: Gamma spectroscopy more QA/QC checks; Improve FLUKA model; Beam current monitoring FLUKA normalization. Radionuclides are plotted with increasing half-lives. Radionuclides with significant contribution from neutron activation are shown in red.
21 Comparison FLUKA vs. Measurement 1.75 γ / e - / n Activation of Al A FLUKA / A MEASURED FRONT 2.2GeV FRONT 3.3GeV BACK 2.2GeV BACK 3.3GeV 0.00
22 Comparison FLUKA vs. Measurement 2.50 γ / e - / n Activation of Nb A FLUKA / A MEASURED FRONT 2.2GeV FRONT 3.3GeV BACK 2.2GeV BACK 3.3GeV
23 Comparison FLUKA vs. Measurement A FLUKA / A MEASURED γ / e - / n Activation of Cu FRONT 2.2GeV FRONT 3.3GeV BACK 2.2GeV BACK 3.3GeV
24 Comparison FLUKA vs. Measurement A FLUKA / A MEASURED γ / e - / n Activation of Steel FRONT 2.2GeV FRONT 3.3GeV BACK 2.2GeV BACK 3.3GeV
25 Comparison FLUKA vs. Measurement γ / e - / n Activation of Pb FRONT 2.2GeV FRONT 3.3GeV BACK 2.2GeV BACK 3.3GeV 9.33-h 21.5-h 26.1-h 72.9-h 2.72-d 5.8-d 6.2-d 12.2-d 13.6-d 15.3-d 115-d 32.2-y Pb 201 Pb-200 Tl-200 Tl-201 Sb-122 Sb 120m Bi-206 Tl-202 Sn-117m Bi-205 Sn-113 Bi 207 AFLUKA / AMEASURED
26 Comparison FLUKA vs. Measurement 2.25 γ / e - / n Activation of Pb (Filtered) A FLUKA / A MEASURED FRONT 2.2GeV FRONT 3.3GeV BACK 2.2GeV BACK 3.3GeV
27 Conclusions 2-3 GeV e - interaction with matter: FLUKA tends to predict induced activity within a factor of 2-3!!! More often than not better than a factor of 2!!! Some gross under/overestimations may be attributed to insufficient knowledge of sample composition impurities. In general FLUKA tends to: Overestimate induced activities in the samples placed in the well developed EM cascade; Underestimate induced activities in the samples exposed to direct e - beam before EM cascade is well developed (< 3.2 X 0 )
28 Our Wishes Electronuclear interactions in FLUKA Proper benchmarking
29 Acknowledgements Thanks to the 2 nd FLUKA Advanced Course and Workshop for inviting me! Special thanks to Alberto Fassò for his advise and guidance! Thanks to Adam Hartberger, David Hamlette, Keith Welch, Jixie Zhang, Alan Gavalya, Ed Folts, Karl Slifer, J. P. Chen, and g 2 p collaboration for their contributions! This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-06OR23177
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