Technology Forum 2016

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1 Technology Forum 2016 MEET, INTERACT, LEARN May 20 and 21, 2016 Talent Garden Calabiana - Via Arcivescovo Calabiana, 6 - Milan 5 th Edition PRESENTATION BY GIANAURELIO CUNIBERTI

Ambrosetti Technology Forum 2016 Milano, 21.05.

2 Ambrosetti Technology Forum 2016 Milano, Smart Materials Design from Atom to System Gianaurelio Cuniberti TU Dresden quantup GmbH POSTECH University of Alabama

3 quantup update University Rankings Intermezzo

The international competition 3 Number of universities in region TOP200 TOP100 EU 87 33 USA 77 46 UK 31 10 DE 10 6 KOR 4 3 IT 0 0 2013-2014

4 The international competition 3 Number of universities in region TOP200 TOP100 EU USA UK DE 10 6 KOR 4 3 IT (CastelBrando) Research institutions are in a global competition University rankings based on qualitative criteria as a way to measure excellence

5 The international competition 4 Number of universities in region TOP200 TOP100 EU USA UK DE 12 6 KOR 5 3 IT (Pirellone) Research institutions are in a global competition University rankings based on qualitative criteria as a way to measure excellence

The international competition 5 Number of universities in region TOP200 TOP100 EU 93 40 USA 63 39 UK 34 16 DE 20 9 KOR 4 1 IT 3 0 2015-2016

6 The international competition 5 Number of universities in region TOP200 TOP100 EU USA UK DE 20 9 KOR 4 1 IT (Talent Garden) Research institutions are in a global competition University rankings based on qualitative criteria as a way to measure excellence

7 The international competition Number of universities in region TOP200 TOP100 EU USA UK DE KOR IT (CastelBrando) (Talent Garden) Research institutions are in a global competition University rankings based on qualitative criteria as a way to measure excellence

8 aka: No materials? No party! No rockets? No Moon! Boring topics that of materials but Novel materials enable facing the societal and technological challenges! Health Energy Mobility Environment & Sustainability Resource Efficiency [Innotere, BMBF] 7

process Imports of raw materials to Germany worth 110 Billion Euro out of 180 Billion Euro in total (2015) Example:

9 No materials? No party! Materials are hidden champions: key innovation drivers and technology enablers. 70 % of all new products Made in Germany are based on materials innovations 43 % materials costs in production process Imports of raw materials to Germany worth 110 Billion Euro out of 180 Billion Euro in total (2015) Example: expected annual growth of 17 % for carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic from 7.5 Billion Euro (2012) to 20 Billion Euro (2020) [BMBF 2015] 8

10 Germany s technology priorities (2015) Werstoffe der Zukunft (94) Energy accumulation (75) Mobility (60) IoT (58) E-Health (41).

11 Menu 1. Materials AGES 2. The quest for the philosopher s STONE 3. The age of MULTI 4. From BIT to ATOMs

12 11 Materials as era-defining Stone Age (ending ~3,000 B.C.) Bronze Age (~3,000 - ~700 B.C.) Iron Age (~800 B.C. ~100 B.C.) Obsidian: conchoidal fracture Easy tooling

13 Materials innovations: Enabling history potassium nitrate (salpeter oxidizer) 1450: Advent of the Information Society 1492: Beginning of Globalization 12

14 Re-reading History: Condottieri, statesmen, generals? Materials!

15 Menu 1. Materials AGES 2. The quest for the philosopher s STONE 3. The age of MULTI 4. From BIT to ATOMs

16 The quest for the philosopher s STONE Performance Materials 1. Mechanics maximize strength / mass 2. Energy/Reactivity maximize energy / volume 3. Information maximize (processed) bits / volume Digital HD, year 1989: 32 MB

17 Current and future trends Kondratieff Cycles?

18 Menu 1. Materials AGES 2. The quest for the philosopher s STONE 3. The age of MULTI 4. From BIT to ATOMs

19 ERAs OF ONE vs. ERA OF MULTI 18

20 MULTI Materials Can you imagine flying on an aircraft without Kerosene (fuel cells), board computer or lightweight structures?

21 The chemistry of modern information technology A big variety of materials is essential functional components for current electronic devices: AGE OF MULTI! [Compoundchem.com]

22 From the Ages of One to the AGE OF MULTI MULTIMaterials Smart Combinations of Materials MULTIScale Rational Design from Atom to System M4 MULTIFunction Converging in one product MULTICycle From a Linear to a Circular Materials Economy 22

23 MULTI: discover, invent and innovate through materials

24 Menu 1. Materials AGES 2. The quest for the philosopher s STONE 3. The age of MULTI 4. From BIT to ATOMs

25 25 Drawback today: It s a long way from lab to fab! Editorial, Nature Materials 12, 191 (2013). On average: 20 years from first discovery to utilization of new materials Need for approaches to accelerate discovery, development and implementation

26 Digitalizing the Materials Economy IT BIT Conventional way of finding new materials: Trial and error in vitro Computers allow speeding up discovery, development and implementation of new materials in silico Digitalization of Materials Economy and connection to production processes [The Economist, Science, Nature] IT from BIT 26

simulations to optimize properties http://nano.tu-dresden.de G.

27 IT from BIT: Digital Materials Development Safety parameter vs. Li intercalation voltage in lithium batteries High-throughput materials simulations to optimize properties G. Ceder, MRS Bulletin 35, 693 (2010), S. Curtarolo et al., Nature Materials 12, 191 (2013). 27

28 BIT 2 atom

29 From Discovery/Invention to Innovation If the dots (discovery or invention) are there, it is only a questions of time to connect them (innovate)! Identifying the dot is a question of time and money...

30 30 How will materials shape our future?? Solutions to the great challenges of society and technology will be enabled by a smart convergence of materials and technologies Not single materials or technologies will dominate: AGE OF MULTI The future is digital: not only the process needs to be online ( Industry 4.0 ), we also need Materials 4.0!

Dresden: The Capital of Materials Research Locational advantage: More than 2.000 active scientists in materials research, estimated annual budget of 135 Mio.

31 Dresden: The Capital of Materials Research Locational advantage: More than active scientists in materials research, estimated annual budget of 135 Mio. Broad competences in different material classes and application fields Top 100 location in Materials Science (according to QS World University Subject Ranking 2016) Challenges: Securing national and international visibility and competitiveness Strengthening collaboration of academia and industry in teaching, research and innovation Facing current megatrends in research and technology and interdisciplinary topics ( Industrie 4.0 )

simulation of the crack behavior of a multicrystalline graphene layer

32 2D materials: Simulations to predict properties More 70 scientists dealing with Computational Materials Science in Dresden Realistic simulation of the crack behavior of a multicrystalline graphene layer [B. Mortazavi, G. Cuniberti, Nanotechnology 25, (2014)]. 32

33 33 Materials design atom by atom: the future is already now [from Iron Man 2]

34 Contacts Prof. Dr. Gianaurelio Cuniberti TU Dresden and quantup GmbH http://nano.tu-dresden.

34 34 Contacts Prof. Dr. Gianaurelio Cuniberti TU Dresden and quantup GmbH

35 35 Global M egatrends are shaping our future! Societal and political changes demand for technologies under constant evolution How can materials innovations make significant contributions to the current M egatrends? Disruptive inventions compete w ith Incremental advances [Ernst & Young, 2015]

36 37 Building cars now and then: evolution or revolution? Ford, 1920s BM W, 2010s 2030s and beyond?

37 38 The advent of a revolution: Printing cars Change of paradigms: Innovative processing Individualized production for a broad range of application fields [Business Insider] Enabled by highly developed high performance materials

38 Unconventional Materials: Are we facing a Graphene Revolution? [2011]

billion graphene revolution (The Oxford Club Research Team, 2013) Scientists predict green

39 40 Materials Megatrend Graphene: Giant expectations! Miracle material: the graphene revolution (The Telegraph, 2013) How to get rich from the $357 billion graphene revolution (The Oxford Club Research Team, 2013) Scientists predict green energy revolution after incredible new graphene discoveries (The Independent, 2014) Advanced Materials: The graphene revolution (EU, 2015)

40 Graphene applications: ready for the market? Strong research focus in the early years from 2004 to 2010 Broad range of applications with very differnt technology readiness levels [A. Zurutuza, C. Marinelli, Nature Nanotechnology 9, 730 (2014).] 41

41 Discovered in Europe but commercialized elsew here? [w w w.bloomberg.com, 2014] 42

The Graphene Flagship: Politics meets science 142 academic and industrial research groups in 23 countries Europe's biggest ever research initiative: 1

42 The Graphene Flagship: Politics meets science 142 academic and industrial research groups in 23 countries Europe's biggest ever research initiative: 1 billion budget Goal: Take graphene from the realm of academic laboratories into European society in the space of 10 years 43

43 Graphene: A hot topic in publishing! Papers with Topic Graphene : : 348 publications (in 2015 published w ithin 4.5 days) : 104,559 publications [ISI Web of Science, ] 44

44 Graphene: A hot topic in patenting! [Graphene: The worldwide patent landscape, Intellectual Property Office, UK, 2015] 45

45 Graphene: A hot topic cooling down? [Graphene: The worldwide patent landscape, Intellectual Property Office, UK, 2015] 46

46 Which are the global players? [Graphene: The worldwide patent landscape, Intellectual Property Office, UK, 2015] Applied (academic) research in Asia dominating! 47

2D materials: simulations and experiments in line Superlubricity of graphene nanoribbons on gold surfaces: Reducing friction to reduce wear and improve the energy

47 2D materials: simulations and experiments in line Superlubricity of graphene nanoribbons on gold surfaces: Reducing friction to reduce wear and improve the energy efficiency of mechanical devices Demonstrating the potential for developing nanographene frictionless coatings [S. Kawai, A. Benassi et al., Science 351, 957 (2016)]

48 49 The US Materials Genome Initiatve The invention of silicon circuits and lithium-ion batteries made computers and ipods and ipads possible but it took years to get those technologies from the drawing board to the marketplace. We can do it faster!

50 The US Materials Genome Initiatve Launched by the US Government in 2011 Goals: Foster discovery, production and use of Advanced Materials Halving

49 50 The US Materials Genome Initiatve Launched by the US Government in 2011 Goals: Foster discovery, production and use of Advanced Materials Halving of development periods Substantial decrease in R&D costs Combinatorial approaches to synthesize, to characterize and to catalogue materials properties

EXPERIENCES FROM THE FIRST YEARS. Jari Kinaret Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

EXPERIENCES FROM THE FIRST YEARS Jari Kinaret Chalmers University of Technology Sweden FET Flagships FET Flagships are ambitious large-scale, science-driven, research initiatives that aim to achieve a