Chemistry of Materials (250209)

Transcription

1 Chemistry of Materials (250209) General information School: ETSECCPB Departments: Departament de Tecnologia de l'arquitectura, Departament d'enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Escola Tècnica Superior d'enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona Credits: 7.5 ECTS Programs: GRAU EN ENGINYERIA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓ (2010), GRAU EN ENGINYERIA D'OBRES PÚBLIQUES (2010), MOBILITAT INCOMING (0) Course: 2015/2016 Course language: Català Faculty Responsible faculty: Susana Valls Del Barrio Teachers: Diego Fernando Aponte Hernández, Andreu Codina Mendoza, Lucia Fernandez Carrasco, Patricia Rovira Bastus, Isaac Tan Bachs, Susana Valls Del Barrio Generic objectives Students will acquire a theoretical and practical understanding of the chemical, physical, mechanical and technological properties of the most common construction materials. 1. Identify and determine the composition and structure of construction materials using different experimental techniques; 2. Design programs for analysing the materials of a specific structure or infrastructure; 3. Conduct critical appraisals of the results. Basic scientific principles of materials chemistry (heat, equilibrium, atomic structure, crystals, polymers and gels); Structure, types and properties of construction materials (conglomerates, phase diagrams, corrosion); Experimental methods for determining the composition and structure of construction materials Settling and consolidating the fundamental concepts of chemistry acquired in the high school. In case this knowledge does not have themselves, to provide the students tools so that they can attain them and they allow them the correct follow-up of the subject. Providing basic knowledge of the structure of the matter that allows the interpretation of the chemical, physical properties and mechanics of the materials from the atomic interactions, as well as the establishment of relations between its microscopic structure and its macroscopic properties.

2 Studying the main types of chemical processes, the factors that influence and the consequences that they entail. Providing the basic knowledge that will allow to understand the chemistry of the most usual building materials, as well as of the processes of degradation that these can suffer. Introducing the students into the study of the building materials used by the technical engineer of public works in his professional exercise, from the study of the conglomerants materials. Skills Specific skills Theoretical and practical knowledge of the chemical, physical, mechanical and technological properties of the materials most commonly used in construction. Generic skills of subject EFFICIENT ORAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION - Level 1. Planning oral communication, answering questions properly and writing straightforward texts that are spelt correctly and are grammatically coherent. EFFECTIVE USE OF INFORMATI0N RESOURCES - Level 1. Identifying information needs. Using collections, premises and services that are available for designing and executing simple searches that are suited to the topic. SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING - Level 1. Completing set tasks within established deadlines. Working with recommended information sources according to the guidelines set by lecturers. ECTS credits: total hours of student work Hours Percent Theory 40,00 48,5% Supervised Learning Assignments 23,00 27,9% Laboratory 12,00 14,5% Supervised activities 7,50 9,1% Self-Learning 105,00 Contents Topic 01. Introduction 4.0h. Theory + 1.0h. Assignments

3 Presentation of the course Fundamental concepts of chemistry Lime and gypsum mortars as building materials History of Portland cement. Environmental issues and sustainable production. Alternatives to Portland cement Describe the objectives and functioning of the course, teaching methods and evaluation standards. Establish the fundamental concepts of chemistry to be known at the begining of the course. Facilitate tools for students who have not done high school chemistry so they can acquire them. Describe the main characteristics of lime mortars and plaster used in construction. To review the most significant events in the history of Portland cement, from a scientific and technological point of view. Describe briefly the challenges that face the cement industry during the next years. Topic 02. Production of Portland cement 2.0h. Theory + 2.0h. Assignments + 2.0h. Laboratory Atomic structure. Periodic Table. Chemical bond. Solid materials Raw materials. Stages of the manufacturing process. Gas Emissions. Analytical techniques for process monitoring Dosage and preparation of the mixtures Use of clay for the manufacture of ceramic materials in construction Determination of network parameters of crystalline compounds from the data obtained by a XRD simulation software Revise the concepts of chemistry needed in this topic Knowing the characteristics of the raw materials used for manufacturing of Portland cement, and the main aspects of the production process. Learn to properly calculate the composition of the mixture of raw materials for the manufacture of cement. Knowing the characteristics and properties of ceramic materials Knowing the type of information to obtain the X-ray diffraction technique Topic 03. Formation of the cement Portland clinker

4 5.0h. Theory + 4.0h. Assignments Binary phase diagrams Two-component phase diagrams excersises Enthalpy. Law of Hess Components of the cement. Structure of phases. Clinkerisation reactions. Influence of minor elements. Calculation of the enthalpy of formation of clinker Learning to interpret information from a phase diagram in two-component systems Solve problems based on what has been learned in the previous session Revise the concepts of chemistry needed in this topic Learn what are the chemical processes that transform raw materials in cement clinker To study the influence of minor elements present in the raw materials in clinkerisation reactions Determine the energy required for the formation of clinker Topic 04. Hydration of Portland cement 4.0h. Theory + 1.0h. Assignments Hydration reactions. Thermodynamics of the hydration reactions. Stages in the development of the microstructure. Techniques for hydration monitoring. Calorimetric determination of heat of hydration of a cement To study the mechanisms and driving forces of the hydration reactions of cement Knowing the different stages in the hydration of cement, as well as experimental techniques that allow the hydration monitoring Calculate the heat of hydration of a cement Topic 05. Microstructure of hydrated cement paste 3.0h. Theory + 2.0h. Assignments + 2.0h. Laboratory Components of the hydrated cement paste. Structure of phases. Structure of CSH. Structure of Al and Fe phases.

5 Influence of minor elements. Techniques for characterization of the microstructure. Determination of Ca / Si ratio. Describe the structure and properties of compounds of hydration of cement. To examine the presence of various minority elements and how it can modify the properties of the compounds of hydration. Learn to use various experimental techniques to characterize and quantify the microstructure of a hydrated paste. Topic 06. Physicochemical and mechanical properties of cement pastes 4.0h. Theory + 1.0h. Assignments + 2.0h. Laboratory Introduction to the properties of building materials Problems on properties of building materials Porosity and permeability. Heat of hydration. Start time and end of setting. Mechanical strength. Retraction. Tests and specifications. Knowing the most important properties in the characterization of building materials Learn how to calculate, from experimental results, the value of the properties most important in building materials Knowing the properties that characterize a cement, as well as tests for its determination and the values established by the current regulations Topic 07. Durability and degradation phenomena 9.0h. Theory + 6.0h. Assignments Acid-base reactions. Transport mechanisms. Chemical durability. Carbonation. Decalcification. Alkali-silica reaction. Sulphate attack. Action of sea water Physical durability. Fire resistance. Crystallization of salts. Action of ice-thaw cycles. Metals in construction Steels. Types and characteristics. Fe-C phase diagram. Corrosion. Oxidation-reduction reactions. Types of corrosion. Methods of protection

6 Techniques for measuring the corrosion Revise the concepts of chemistry needed for this topic To describe phenomena that cause chemical degradation of cement Describe the main physical phenomena that cause the degradation of cement Understand the main metallic materials used in construction, as well as its characteristics and applications Know the different types of steels, as well as its characteristics and applications Learn how to determine the microstructure and properties of steel from its phase diagram Understand the principles of chemical phenomena of corrosion and the methods used for its prevention Know the main parameters for measuring corrosion in construction, as well as its numerical determination Topic 08. Other cements 4.0h. Theory + 1.0h. Assignments + 4.0h. Laboratory Cement with specific characteristics Cements with additions Calcium aluminate cements Cement Spanish regulation RC-08 Case study from viewing a video and information from various sources Knowing the types of cements suitable for various specific applications Study diiferent cement types formed with Portland clinker and several additional materials To study the characteristics, properties and applications of calcium aluminate cements Understand the main aspects of the Spanish cement regulation RC-08 Analyze the causes of degradation of a material in a real case Evaluate the economic and social impact of technical decisions Topic 09. Sustainability and new cementitious materialsítics 3.0h. Theory + 2.0h. Assignments Energy efficiency in the production of cement clinker. Alternative fuels. Alternative raw materials. CO2 capture and storage.

7 Sustainability excersises Novel cementitious materials Learn the most important aspects of the introduction of environmental sustainability criteria in the production of cement Determine the energy efficiency of a process. Calculate the volume of emission of polluting gases in the cement production Briefly describe the latest innovations in the formulation of hydraulic binders Topic 10. Retention and release of pollutants into cementitious systems 2.0h. Theory + 3.0h. Assignments + 2.0h. Laboratory Definition and mechanisms of leaching. Leaching tests Establishment of emission limit values. Long-term predictions. Case Study Define the concept and the main leaching mechanisms and its environmental significance Know the main types of tests to determine the leaching potential of a material Learn the criteria used for determining emission limit values for pollutants and long-term predictions To acquire a practical example of how the study of mechanisms of retention of pollutants is done Activities Activity h. Self-Learning At the beginning of the course it will be proposed to solve an activity outside the classroom on the fundamental concepts of chemistry. This activity is not measurable, but its resolution is a necessary condition to pass the course Problem of the Week 24.0 h. Self-Learning

8 Each week an excersise will be published on Digital Campus summarizing the most important aspects of the subjects studied. It is estimated 2h/exercise dedication. The students must solve these exercises outside the classroom. Each week the solution of the exercise of the previous will be published, Summary of Activities 7.5 h. Supervised activities Grading rules (*) (*) The evaluation calendar and grading rules will be approved before the start of the course. There will be three evaluable tests (AS): AS1 20% AS2 20% AS3 50% Laboratory practices: 10% Final Qualification= 0.20*AS1+0.20*AS2+0.50*AS3+0.10*Laboratory Qualification Criteria for re-evaluation qualification and eligibility: Students that failed ordinary evaluation and have been regularly attending tests throughout the course will have the option to perform a reevaluation test during the period specified in the academic calendar. The highest mark for the subject in the case of attending the evaluation exam will be five. In the case of justified absences to the regular evaluation tests that prevent the assessment of some parts of the contents of the subject, with prior approval of the Head of Studies, students may get evaluated by the reevaluation test of the contents that have not been previously examined as well as the contents whose tests students have failed. The limitation on the maximum mark shall not apply to the parts assessed for the first time. Test rules Failure to perform a laboratory or continuous assessment activity in the scheduled period will result in a mark of zero in that activity. It is an indispensable requirement to approve of the subject to have carried out the practices of laboratori(presencial session and non presencial session) and to have given the corresponding report and to have carried out activity 0 that will be proposed in the classroom.

9 Teaching methodology Support material in the form of a detailed teaching plan is provided using the virtual campus ATENEA: content, program of learning and assessment activities conducted and literature. Office hours Patricia Pardo Wednesday 16-18h Building B1, Office 112 Petrucci, R. H.; Harwood, W. S.; Herring, F. G. Química general. Pearson Prentice Hall. Madrid ISBN Whitten, K.W.; Davis, R.E.; Peck, M.L. Química general. McGraw-Hill. Madrid ISBN Butler, I. S.; Grosser, A. E. Problemas de química. Reverté. Barcelona ISBN Fernández Cánovas, M.. Hormigón. Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. México, DF ISBN Ministerio de Fomento. RC-08 : instrucción para la recepción de cementos : con los Friday 12-13h 13h upc.edu Basic bibliography Madrid ISBN Pardo, P. Apunts específics de l'assignatura. Apunts Campus digital. Callister, W.D. Introducción a la ciencia e ingeniería de los materiales. Limusa Wiley. comentarios de los miembros de la Comisión Permanente del Cemento. Ministerio de Fomento. Madrid ISBN Complementary bibliography López Cancio, J. A.. Problemas de Química. Prentice Hall Masterton, William L., Hurley, C. N.. Química: principios y reacciones. Madrid Thomson Olba, A.. Química General. Equilibri i Canvi. Publicacions Universitat de València Paraira, M., Parejo, C.. Introducción a la Formulación y Nomenclatura Química. Inorgánica-Orgánica. Vicens Vives Ruiz, A. et al.. Química General. mcgraw-hill Teijón, J. M., García, J. A., Jiménez, Y., Guerrero, I.. La Química en Problemas. Tébar Mehta, P. K.. Concrete: Structure, Properties and Materials.. Prentice Hall Neville, Adam M. Properties of concrete. Longman. Harlow, Essex ISBN