Which of the following is not a characteristic exclusive to life? == capable of movement

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1 Biology-The Exam Doc Which of the following is not a characteristic exclusive to life? == capable of movement is the smallest unit of life == The cell is the condition in which the internal environment of an organism is maintained within a particular range == Homeostasis Which of the following represents the correct order, from largest to smallest, for an individual animal according to the hierarchical structure of biological organization? == Nervous system, brain, nerve cell, molecule If a variety of a trait improves an organism s survival, enabling it to produce more offspring than other members of the population, then the trait is said to be == adaptive Biology is the study of == all of the above (Biology is the study of life in all its forms, both macroscopic and microscopic. As such, biology includes the study of cells, biological molecules, and the flow of energy through living systems.) Biology is a of other sciences == synthesis Which of the following sciences is not a foundation for biology. == genetics The scientific method outlines a process of testing new ideas. This process involves, in order, which of the following? == observations, hypotheses, experiments, conclusions Which of the following statements concerning Charles Darwin is incorrect? == His grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was vehemently opposed to scientific thought. The scientific method involves all of the following except == proving the hypothesis experimentally Darwin s position on the HMS Beagle was: == naturalist What is a hypothesis? == a possible explanation

2 The Age of theology took place during the == A.D. urged people to reject religious dogma and to look at the world around them == Roger Bacon All of the following contributed to the body of knowledge of the 17 th century except == Thomas Aquinas In the mid-1600s, declared that the Earth was created in 4004 B.C. == Archbishop James Usher Who championed the experimental method during the late 16th and early 17th centuries? == Francis Bacon The atomic number of an atom refers to the number of == protons Which of the following is not one of the elements that makes up SPONCH? == sodium Which of the following components of an atom has a positive charge? == proton The atomic mass is equal to the number of == protons plus neutrons Which of the following is not approximately 1 amu? == an electron In the figure below, which portion represents the atomic mass? == C An atom of which element consists solely of one proton and one electron in its elemental form? == hydrogen An electron shell represents == a level of potential energy that the electron exists in

3 More than two electrons can be in a particular orbital. == false More than one orbital can be in a particular electron shell. == true Carbon has six electrons in its outer shell. == false An atom is reactive if == the valence shell is not full Most of an atom is == empty space Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of but different numbers of == protons, neutrons Ionization is caused by the gain or loss of these atomic particles == Electrons Considering the valence electron configuration of magnesium (atomic number 12), which is the most likely charge produced by the ionization of magnesium? == +2 Ions are formed by a change in the number of, while isotopes have differing numbers of == electrons, neutrons An isotope is one of several different forms of an element's atoms that have different atomic masses due to a gain or loss of neutrons or protons. == false What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for the 2 anion from the 17 O isotope of oxygen? (The atomic number of oxygen is 8.) == 8p + ; 9n; 10e If an atom gains or loses electrons it becomes == an ion The atomic mass of an element is the == average mass of its various isotopes Isotopes of the same atom differ in the number of == neutrons

4 When an atom of fluorine (atomic number 9) becomes an ion, it == gains one electron Electrons are the particles of atoms == negatively charged The electronegativity of an atom is its ability to == attract electrons Atoms with low electronegativities are most likely to form what kind of ions? == positively charged ions An atom with a high electronegativity is more likely to become which type of ion? == negative Potassium atoms (atomic number 19) have one electron in their valence shell. Which statement about potassium atoms is true? == The positive ion of potassium will have a full valence shell Which of the following orders for the electronegativity of elements is correct? == O > N > S = C > H Atoms of very different electronegativities will form a bond in which electrons are == transferred Which of the following is not a reason that atoms bond? == Atoms bond to overcome their electronegativity Covalent bonds are formed when == a pair of electrons is shared between atoms of similar electronegativities Ionic bonds are formed when == two atoms of opposite charge come together to form an uncharged compound When two oxygen atoms (atomic number 8) interact to form molecular oxygen == they share electrons Any two ions of opposite charge can form an ionic bond. == true

5 The intramolecular bonds in water are == polar covalent (The bonds within a water molecule are polar covalent bonds. Oxygen shares two electrons with each hydrogen atom.) The intermolecular bonds in water are == hydrogen bonds (Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules. Hydrogen bonds occur because of the polarity of the bond between hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The partially positive hydrogen atoms of one water molecule are attracted to the partially negative oxygen atoms of two other water molecules.) The bonds broken when water vaporizes to form a gas are == hydrogen bonds Which of the following statements regarding hydrogen bonding is true? == Hydrogen bonding is possible when hydrogen is in a polar covalent bond Which of the following type(s) of compounds would you expect to be soluble in water? == polar compounds Label B in the diagram points to a == polar covalent bond Label C in the diagram points to a == hydrogen bond Which of the following is an effect of the polarity of the water molecule? == The polarity of water molecules requires it to absorb a lot of heat to change from liquid to gas. If a compound has a low specific heat, that means == that the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one gram of the compound is low Ice is less dense than liquid water because == the open crystal structure of ice. Water at 4 C occupies volume than it does at 0 C, and water is dense at 4 C than it is at 0 C == less, more

6 Unlike most liquids which steadily decrease in density as they increase in temperature, water exhibits unusual behavior because of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Place the following in order of increasing density: ice, water at 4 C, water at 20 C == ice, water at 20 C, water at 4 C Some insects are able to walk on water. This is partially a result of the high of water caused by the between water molecules == surface tension, hydrogen bonds Water can move through the xylem (circulatory tissue) of plants, apparently in defiance of gravity. What property of water makes it able to do this? == Water molecules can both hydrogen bond with themselves and with other materials. The surface tension of water is caused by == the downward net cohesive force on the water molecules at the surface. A muddy stream flows from under a glacier and into a lake. The stream water is 4 C. The lake water has warmed in the summer sun to about 20 C on top. What will happen to the stream water as it enters the lake? == The muddy stream water will flow along the bottom of the lake. Hydrophobic interactions == hold nonpolar molecules together. Hydrophilic interactions == play a role in the solubility of a compound in water. In water, spheres of hydration form around == A and C Lecithin is a natural detergent because of what molecular property? == It has hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Fats do not mix with water because they are polar == false A hydrophobic compound would dissolve easily in - corn oil. A polar solvent would easily dissolve which of the following? - NaCl A molecule that is able to mix polar and nonpolar molecules together because it has polar and nonpolar ends that can interact with both substances is called - a detergent.

7 The strongest bases would have a ph of - 14 When in the presence of a strong acid, a water molecule acts like a (an) and becomes a -- base, hydronium ion In the presence of a strong base, a water molecule acts like a (an) and becomes a -- acid, hydroxide ion A solution has a ph of 10. Another solution has a ph of 7. The first solution is times more basic than the second. -- 1,000 A solution contains moles per liter of hydrogen ions. What is the ph of this solution? -- ph = 13 If a solution has a ph of 9, then -- it contains moles of hydronium per liter. An acid is a substance that -- donates protons to a solution. A base is a substance that increases the ph of a solution. A solution with a ph of 9 is more than a solution with a ph of basic Structural (constitutional) isomers differ in, while enantiomers differ in -- the order in which the atoms are bonded; the way in which the atoms are arranged in 3-D space. All organic compounds contain -- carbon. Carbon is well suited to be the backbone of organic compounds because of which of the following characteristics? == It can form four covalent bonds with many different types of atoms. Each carbon atom can share a pair of electrons with as many as other atoms. == 4

8 Isomers are -- molecules with identical formulas but different structures. Carbon is able to form so many different chemical compounds because == its valence shell has four unpaired electrons. The structures shown are == identical. Which of the following structures is likely to exist? == Which side group forms the basis of alcohols? == hydroxyl group Which side group has a carbon-oxygen double bond? == B and C (aldehyde) and carboxyl Which weakly basic side group is found in the building blocks of proteins? -- amine group Which functional group forms the basis of most organic acids? -- carboxyl group The carbon labeled B is best described as a -- carbonyl carbon. Which functional group does the carbon labeled A belong to? -- carboxyl What do carboxyl groups and amine groups have in common? -- They are both able to form ions. Which of the following is not true about sulfhydryl groups? -- They are found in phosphorylated intermediates.