The Chemical Basis of Life

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Chemical Basis of Life"

Transcription

1 The Chemical Basis of Life Chapter 2 Objectives Identify the four elements that make up 96% of living matter. Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: neutron and proton, atomic number and mass number, atomic weight and mass number Distinguish between and discuss the biological importance of the following: nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions 2 Organization of Matter Matter-anything that occupies space and has mass Includes solids, liquids and gases Made up of 92 naturally-occurring elements Atom-smallest unique unit of element Molecule-bonded unit of two or more atoms Compound-substance in which relative percentages of two or more elements never vary 3 1

2 Essential elements include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter a few other elements make up the remaining 4% of living matter 5 2

3 Structure of Atoms Each element consists of a certain kind of atom that is different from those of other elements An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element 7 Atoms of each element are composed of three even smaller parts called subatomic particles Protons-part of nucleus positive charge number of protons=atomic number Neutrons-part of nucleus no charge protons+neutrons=atomic mass 8 Electrons-orbit nucleus negative charge number of electrons=number of protons 9 3

4 Atoms of a given element may occur in different forms Isotopes of a given element differ in the number of neutrons in the atomic nucleus have the same number of protons Radioactive isotopes spontaneously give off particles and energy can be used in biology 11 4

5 The Energy Levels of Electrons An atom s electrons vary in the amount of energy they possess electron s have potential energy due to position in relation to nucleus (electrostatic) represented by energy levels or electron shells 13 Electron Configuration and Chemical Properties The chemical behavior of an atom is defined by its electron configuration and distribution the periodic table of the elements shows the electron distribution for all the elements Outermost shell of an atom called the valence shell electrons in the valence shell called valence electrons number of valence electrons determines the chemical properties of atoms 15 5

6 Electron Orbitals Each energy shell is divided into one or more 3d spaces called orbitals each orbital can contain only two electrons the maximum number of electrons an energy shell can hold is determined by the number of orbitals the energy shell is divided into 17 6

7 Bonds Between Atoms Chemical bond-atoms gain, lose or share electrons two types of bonds formed between atoms covalent bond ionic bond type of bond formed determined by two factors electron configuration of the outer or valence shell of electrons electronegativity of the atom electronegativity is a measure of the attraction of an atom for electrons 19 Covalent Bonds Covalent bond atoms share one or more pairs of electrons nonpolar-share electrons equally 21 7

8 Polar covalent bonds share electrons unequally more electronegative atom in the covalent bond pulls the electrons toward itself 24 8

9 Ionic Bonds Ionic bond one atom gains electron, one atom loses electron + and - charges mutually attractive 26 9

10 Weak Chemical Bonds Several types of weak chemical bonds are important in living systems Hydrogen Bonding atom of molecule interacts with hydrogen already in polar bond stabilizes nucleic acids and proteins 29 10

11 Van der Waals interactions occur when transiently positive and negative regions of molecules attract each other Weak chemical bonds Reinforce the shapes of large molecules Help molecules adhere to each other 31 Atoms and Molecules A molecule s biological function is related to its shape molecules have characteristic sizes and shapes symbolized by ball-and-stick and space-filling models 32 11

12 The shape of the molecule is the basis for one molecule recognizing another molecule when they interact 34 Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions break or form chemical bonds to change reactants into products matter is conserved during reaction 36 12

13 Most chemical reactions are reversible chemical equilibrium is reached when the forward and backward reaction rates are equal Living cells carry out thousands of chemical reactions that rearrange matter in significant ways 38 13

REVIEW element compound atom Neutrons Protons Electrons atomic nucleus daltons atomic number mass number Atomic mass

REVIEW element compound atom Neutrons Protons Electrons atomic nucleus daltons atomic number mass number Atomic mass Domain 2: Matter REVIEW Matter is made up of elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more

More information

Chemistry Vocabulary. These vocabulary words appear on the Chemistry CBA in addition to being tested on the Chemistry Vocabulary Test.

Chemistry Vocabulary. These vocabulary words appear on the Chemistry CBA in addition to being tested on the Chemistry Vocabulary Test. Chemistry Vocabulary These vocabulary words appear on the Chemistry CBA in addition to being tested on the Chemistry Vocabulary Test. atom the smallest unit of an element that still represents that element.

More information

1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of life

1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of life 1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of life Matter makes up everything in the universe, including all living organisms. Matter is composed of elements, a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler

More information

Concept 2.1: Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds

Concept 2.1: Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Concept 2.1: Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Organisms are composed of matter Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass The Chemical Context

More information

CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL CONTEXT OF LIFE AP Biology CASE STUDY: DEVIL S GARDEN MATTER. Figs. 2.1 & 2.2. Fig. 2.3

CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL CONTEXT OF LIFE AP Biology CASE STUDY: DEVIL S GARDEN MATTER. Figs. 2.1 & 2.2. Fig. 2.3 CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL CONTEXT OF LIFE AP Biology 1 CASE STUDY: DEVIL S GARDEN Ants use formic acid to maintain the garden of a single flowering tree called Duroia hirsuta Ants live in the hollow tree

More information

Chapter 2. The Chemical Context of Life

Chapter 2. The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 1 Matter Takes up space and has mass Exists as elements (pure form) and in chemical combinations called compounds 2 Elements Can t be broken down into simpler substances

More information

Chapter 2 Chemistry. The World of Elements. Why are we studying chemistry? Models of atoms. The Basics. Atomic structure determines behavior

Chapter 2 Chemistry. The World of Elements. Why are we studying chemistry? Models of atoms. The Basics. Atomic structure determines behavior Chapter 2 Chemistry The World of Elements What? You thought you were all done with the Periodic Table? NEVER! Why are we studying chemistry? Biology has chemistry at its foundation Models of atoms Yeah,

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson The Chemical Context of Life

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

Nature of Molecules. Chapter 2. All matter: composed of atoms

Nature of Molecules. Chapter 2. All matter: composed of atoms Nature of Molecules Chapter 2 Atomic Structure All matter: composed of atoms Understanding structure of atoms critical to understanding nature of biological molecules 2 1 Atomic Structure Atoms composed

More information

You will be able to: Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

You will be able to: Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bellwork Take out your copy from the Sponge Bob Scientific Method questions (I have more if you need one) and complete the three questions over the scientific method. You will be able to: 1. Identify the

More information

Can you see atoms? M

Can you see atoms?  M Can you see atoms? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_okfvbzd9 M 2. Life requires about 25 chemical elements About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential for life. Four elements - carbon

More information

Chemistry of Life 9/16/15. Chemistry s Building Block: The Atom. Ch 2 BIOL 160

Chemistry of Life 9/16/15. Chemistry s Building Block: The Atom. Ch 2 BIOL 160 Ch 2 Chemistry of Life BIOL 160 1 Chemistry s Building Block: The Atom Structural Hierarchy (reviewed) Atom Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ The atom is the fundamental unit of matter. Elements Chemistry

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life

More information

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTERS 1 and 2: Introduction, and The Chemical Context of Life:

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTERS 1 and 2: Introduction, and The Chemical Context of Life: BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTERS 1 and 2: Introduction, and The Chemical Context of Life: BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Natural Selection and change: Focus What is science, and what

More information

BIOLOGY. The Chemical Context of Life CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson

BIOLOGY. The Chemical Context of Life CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 2 The Chemical Context of Life Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick A Chemical Connection to Biology

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Elements and Compounds The Chemical Context of Life Sodium Chlorine! Sodium chloride! An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance

More information

SBI4U BIOCHEMISTRY. Atoms, Bonding & Molecular Polarity

SBI4U BIOCHEMISTRY. Atoms, Bonding & Molecular Polarity SBI4U BIOCHEMISTRY Atoms, Bonding & Molecular Polarity 6 types of atoms make up 99% of all living organisms Naturally Occurring Elements in the Human Body Element Symbol Atomic # % of human body weight

More information

CHAPTER 6--- CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY. Miss Queen

CHAPTER 6--- CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY. Miss Queen CHAPTER 6--- CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY Miss Queen SECTION 6.1 Atoms, Elements, Compounds COMPOSITION OF MATTER Matter - Everything in universe is composed of matter Matter is anything that occupies space or

More information

Chapter 1: The Biochemical Basis of life pg : The Fundamental Chemistry of Life pg. 8 18

Chapter 1: The Biochemical Basis of life pg : The Fundamental Chemistry of Life pg. 8 18 UNIT 1: Biochemistry Chapter 1: The Biochemical Basis of life pg. 6 69 1.1: The Fundamental Chemistry of Life pg. 8 18 The properties of life are based on the hierarchical arrangement of chemical parts.

More information

-AP Biology Biochemistry/Chemistry Review

-AP Biology Biochemistry/Chemistry Review -AP Biology Biochemistry/Chemistry Review Name Chapter 2 - The Nature of Molecules Sections 2.1-2.3 Chapter 3 The Chemical building blocks of life 1. What occurrence 12.5 billion years ago is proposed

More information

2-1 The Nature of Matter

2-1 The Nature of Matter 2-1 The Nature of Matter Small Atoms Placed side by side, 100 million atoms would make a row only about 1 centimeter long. contain subatomic particles Atoms What three subatomic particles make up atoms?

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Dr. Wendy Sera ouston Community College Biology 1406 Atomic Puns A neutron goes into a bar and asks the bartender, "ow much for a beer?" The bartender replies, "For

More information

Atomic Structure. The center of the Atom is called the Nucleus

Atomic Structure. The center of the Atom is called the Nucleus Basic Chemistry Review Atomic Structure The center of the Atom is called the Nucleus It is about 100,000 times smaller than the entire atom It makes up 99.9% of the mass of the atom In the Nucleus There

More information

THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE. The Nature of Matter

THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE. The Nature of Matter THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE The Nature of Matter What do all of These Pictures Have in Common? And last, but not least GEICO S Gecko! MATTER All matter is made up of different combinations of elements.

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

Basic Chemistry for Biology. Honors Biology

Basic Chemistry for Biology. Honors Biology Basic Chemistry for Biology Honors Biology 2013-2014 Composition of Matter Matter - Everything in universe is composed of matter Matter is anything that occupies space or has mass Mass quantity of matter

More information

Chapter 8 notes. 8.1 Matter. 8.1 objectives. Earth Chemistry

Chapter 8 notes. 8.1 Matter. 8.1 objectives. Earth Chemistry Chapter 8 notes Earth Chemistry 8.1 Matter 8.1 objectives Compare chemical properties and physical properties of matter. Describe the basic structure of an atom. Compare atomic number, mass number, and

More information

Human Biology Chapter 2.2: The Building Blocks of Molecules *

Human Biology Chapter 2.2: The Building Blocks of Molecules * OpenStax-CNX module: m57963 1 Human Biology Chapter 2.2: The Building Blocks of Molecules * Willy Cushwa Based on The Building Blocks of Molecules by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and

More information

AP Biology. Why are we studying chemistry? Chapter 2. The Chemical Context of Life. The Basics. The World of Elements.

AP Biology. Why are we studying chemistry? Chapter 2. The Chemical Context of Life. The Basics. The World of Elements. Chapter 2. The Chemical Context of Life Why are we studying chemistry? Biology has chemistry at its foundation The Basics The World of Elements Everything is made of matter Matter is made of atoms Atoms

More information

AP Biology. Chapter 2

AP Biology. Chapter 2 AP Biology Chapter 2 Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space 1. Mass is a measure of how much matter is present in a body 2. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object

More information

Chapter 3. Chemistry of Life

Chapter 3. Chemistry of Life Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life Content Objectives Write these down! I will be able to identify: The make-up of matter. Why atoms form bonds. Some important interactions between substances in living things.

More information

2 The Chemical Context of Life

2 The Chemical Context of Life 2 The Chemical Context of Life CAMPBELL BILGY TENT EDITIN Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson A Chemical Connection to Biology Biology is the study of life Living organisms and their environments

More information

AP BIOLOGY: READING ASSIGNMENT FOR CHAPTER 2. Particle Charge Mass Location

AP BIOLOGY: READING ASSIGNMENT FOR CHAPTER 2. Particle Charge Mass Location 1) Fill in the names beside the symbols of the following elements commonly found in living matter: a. Ca b. P c. K d. S e. Na f. Cl g. Mg 2) The different between the mass number and the atomic number

More information

3/30/2015. Third energy level. Second energy level. Energy absorbed. First energy level. Atomic nucleus. Energy released (as light)

3/30/2015. Third energy level. Second energy level. Energy absorbed. First energy level. Atomic nucleus. Energy released (as light) Chapter 2 An Introduction Chemistry Lecture 2: Energy Levels and Chemical Bonding Electrons are always moving Outside the nucleus in atomic orbitals Maybe usually Average distance from nucleus (size of

More information

Lecture 2: The Chemistry of Life

Lecture 2: The Chemistry of Life Lecture 2: The Chemistry of Life In this lecture: Matter, atoms, and the periodic table Chemical bonding Ionic vs. covalent bonds Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces Polarity Electronegativity What

More information

Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life AP Biology Guided Reading Name Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds 1. What is the difference between

More information

Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life

Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life Honors Biology 2011 1 Chemistry of Life Living organisms are composed of about 25 chemical elements Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass Matter is composed

More information

Do atoms always have an equal number of protons, neutrons and electrons? 1. Yes. 2. No.

Do atoms always have an equal number of protons, neutrons and electrons? 1. Yes. 2. No. Self Quiz Do atoms always have an equal number of protons, neutrons and electrons? 1. Yes. 2. No. Do atoms always have an equal number of protons, neutrons and electrons? 1. Yes. 2. No. A chemical bond

More information

Chapter 2: Chemistry & Life

Chapter 2: Chemistry & Life Chapter 2: Chemistry & Life 1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Water 1. Atoms A Generic Atom All Matter is made of Atoms Atoms are the smallest indivisible unit of matter 92 different types of atoms: ELEMENTS Atoms

More information

Chapter 2: Chemistry & Life. 1. Atoms. 2. Molecules. 3. Water. 1. Atoms. A Generic Atom

Chapter 2: Chemistry & Life. 1. Atoms. 2. Molecules. 3. Water. 1. Atoms. A Generic Atom Chapter 2: Chemistry & Life 1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Water 1. Atoms A Generic Atom 1 All Matter is made of Atoms Atoms are the smallest indivisible unit of matter 92 different types of atoms: ELEMENTS

More information

Electrons In an electrically neutral atom, positive charges of protons are balanced by the negative charges of electrons. Orbital is the volume of spa

Electrons In an electrically neutral atom, positive charges of protons are balanced by the negative charges of electrons. Orbital is the volume of spa Outline Basic Chemistry Chapter 2 Chemical Elements Atoms Isotopes Molecules and Compounds Chemical Bonding Ionic and Covalent Acids and Bases Chemical Elements Matter refers to anything that has mass

More information

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Atoms, Molecules, and Life 1 Atoms, Molecules, and Life The Nature of Matter: Atoms and Molecules Elements All matter is composed of chemical elements, substances that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical

More information

BIOCHEMISTRY Unit 2 Part 1 ACTIVITY #1 (Chapter 2) Covalent Bonds Involves sharing of. electrons. Electronegativities O = 3.5 N = 3.0 C = 2.5 H = 2.

BIOCHEMISTRY Unit 2 Part 1 ACTIVITY #1 (Chapter 2) Covalent Bonds Involves sharing of. electrons. Electronegativities O = 3.5 N = 3.0 C = 2.5 H = 2. AP BIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY Unit 2 Part 1 ACTIVITY #1 (Chapter 2) NAME DATE PERIOD DEFINITION/DESCRIPTION: Attraction that holds molecules together Involves valence electrons CHEMICAL BONDS TYPES: Ionic Bonds

More information

BIOCHEMISTRY GUIDED NOTES - AP BIOLOGY-

BIOCHEMISTRY GUIDED NOTES - AP BIOLOGY- BIOCHEMISTRY GUIDED NOTES - AP BIOLOGY- ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS - anything that has mass and takes up space. - cannot be broken down to other substances. - substance containing two or more different elements

More information

Ch. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222

Ch. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222 Ch. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222 Ma1er Organisms are composed of ma1er Ma8er anything that takes up space and has mass Ma8er is made up of elements Lowest end of the structural organiza@on of life

More information

Ionic Bond Proton. Cation Electron. Valence Electrons Atomic mass. Octet Rule Isotope

Ionic Bond Proton. Cation Electron. Valence Electrons Atomic mass. Octet Rule Isotope Atoms and Ions Test Study Guide Physical Science Ms. Rowlen 2017 Know these definitions. Atom Ionic Bond Proton Ion Neutron Cation Electron Anion Atomic number Valence Electrons Atomic mass Octet Rule

More information

Campbell Biology, 11e (Urry) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life. 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell Biology, 11e (Urry) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life. 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions Campbell Biology, 11e (Urry) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements

More information

Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Name Period This chapter covers the basics that you may have learned in your chemistry class. Whether your teacher goes over this chapter, or assigns it for you do review on your own, the questions that

More information

2-1 The Nature of Matter

2-1 The Nature of Matter Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the atom. The Greek philosopher Democritus called the smallest fragment of matter the atom, from the Greek word atomos.

More information

CHAPTER 3 ATOMS ATOMS MATTER 10/17/2016. Matter- Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass. Atom- basic unit of matter.

CHAPTER 3 ATOMS ATOMS MATTER 10/17/2016. Matter- Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass. Atom- basic unit of matter. CHAPTER 3 MATTER Matter- Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass. Matter Combining Matter States of Matter Atom- basic unit of matter. Subatomic particles- protons, neutrons, and electrons.

More information

What is reactivity based on? What do all elements want to be happy? Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Sodium and Chlorine.

What is reactivity based on? What do all elements want to be happy? Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Sodium and Chlorine. What is reactivity based on? What do all elements want to be happy? Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Sodium and Chlorine. FORCES What is a chemical bond? The force that holds two atoms together Between

More information

The Chemistry of Life Chapter 2. Prof. J. Dodd

The Chemistry of Life Chapter 2. Prof. J. Dodd The Chemistry of Life Chapter 2 Prof. J. Dodd Why should we study chemistry in C, H, O, N Atoms are composed of 3 main particles: (subatomic particles) Protons (+) Neutrons Electrons (-) Protons and Neutrons

More information

Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life

Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Information in this chapter establishes a foundation for later discussion and elaboration of molecular-level events and processes in biological systems. Ensuring

More information

The Chemical Basis of Animal Life. Chapter 2

The Chemical Basis of Animal Life. Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Animal Life Chapter 2 Chemistry The branch of science dealing with composition of substances and reactions among these substances. A knowledge of chemistry is essential for understanding

More information

The Chemical Context of Life

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Lecture Outline Overview: Chemical Foundations of Biology Living organisms and the world they live in are subject to the basic laws of physics and chemistry. Biology

More information

Life s Chemical Basis

Life s Chemical Basis Life s Chemical Basis Life s Chemical Basis Ø Atoms and Elements Ø Why Electrons Matter Ø Atomic Bonds Ø Water molecule properties Ø Hydrogen Power (ph) Matter & Elements Ø Matter is anything that occupies

More information

Chapter 02 The Chemistry of Life

Chapter 02 The Chemistry of Life Chapter 02 The Chemistry of Life Multiple Choice Questions 1. The nucleus of an atom is composed of two subatomic particles, and. A. protons; neutrons B. protons; electrons C. neutrons; electrons Protons

More information

Ch. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222

Ch. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222 Ch. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222 Ma1er Organisms are composed of ma1er Ma8er is anything that takes up space and has mass Ma8er is made up of elements Lowest end of the structural organiza@on of

More information

11/9/2017 CHEMISTRY UNIT LESSON FOUR

11/9/2017 CHEMISTRY UNIT LESSON FOUR CHEMISTRY UNIT LESSON FOUR 1 Covalent Bonds When two atoms form ionic bonds, they transfer one or more electrons from a metal atom to a atom. non-metal As a result of the electron transfer, one ion has

More information

Chapter 2 Notes The Chemistry of Life

Chapter 2 Notes The Chemistry of Life Name: Chapter 2 Notes The Chemistry of Life Section 2-1 The Nature of Matter Date: Atoms (p. 35) The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the. Comes from the Greek word atomos, meaning

More information

Chapter 02 The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

Chapter 02 The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water Chapter 02 The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water Multiple Choice Questions 1. The atomic number of an atom is A. the number of protons in the atom. B. the number of neutrons in the

More information

Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bond

Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bond Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bond Mutual attraction between the and electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together. Ionic Bond o that results from the attraction between large

More information

Chemistry in Biology. Section 1. Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

Chemistry in Biology. Section 1. Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Section 1 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Atoms! Chemistry is the study of matter.! Atoms are the building blocks of matter.! Neutrons and protons are located at the center of the atom.! Protons are positively

More information

Essential Organic Chemistry. Chapter 1

Essential Organic Chemistry. Chapter 1 Essential Organic Chemistry Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 1 Electronic Structure and Covalent Bonding Periodic Table of the Elements 1.1 The Structure of an Atom Atoms have an internal structure consisting

More information

Ch(3)Matter & Change. John Dalton

Ch(3)Matter & Change. John Dalton Ch(3)Matter & Change John Dalton What is Matter? Matter is anything that contains mass & volume (takes up space) Energy, such as light, heat, and sound, is NOT matter. The Particle Theory of Matter 1.

More information

Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding

Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6-1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonds Valence electrons are attracted to other atoms, and that determines the kind of chemical bonding that occurs between

More information

Atoms to Minerals CH 5.1

Atoms to Minerals CH 5.1 Atoms to Minerals CH 5.1 Objectives Identify the characteristics of matter Compare the particles that make up atoms of elements Describe the three types of chemical bonds Identify the characteristics of

More information

Chemistry Review: Atoms

Chemistry Review: Atoms Chemistry Review: Atoms Atoms are made up : nucleus containing protons and neutrons orbitals containing electrons (2, 8, 8,...). Valence electrons outermost electrons Chemistry Review: Atoms All atoms

More information

4. A hydrogen bond is formed between a hydrogen atom and a negative atom, usually a nitrogen or oxygen.

4. A hydrogen bond is formed between a hydrogen atom and a negative atom, usually a nitrogen or oxygen. Name Biology Summer Assignment Print, complete and bring this assignment with you on the first day of classes. Use the background information document to help you complete this assignment. Modified True/False

More information

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Ionic and Covalent Bonding 1. Define the following terms: a) valence electrons Ionic and Covalent Bonding the electrons in the highest occupied energy level always electrons in the s and p orbitals maximum of 8 valence electrons

More information

(A) Glucose (B) Amino acids (C) Fatty acids (D) Nucleotides (E) Monosaccharides

(A) Glucose (B) Amino acids (C) Fatty acids (D) Nucleotides (E) Monosaccharides High School Biology - Problem Drill 02: The Chemical Basis of Life Question No. 1 of 10 1. Proteins are composed of which of these monomers? Question #01 (A) Glucose (B) Amino acids (C) Fatty acids (D)

More information

General Chemistry. Lecture 3

General Chemistry. Lecture 3 General Chemistry Lecture 3 Electrons Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus Electrons surround the nucleus in energy levels or shell at certain distances around the nucleus The number of electrons

More information

Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life. AP Biology

Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life. AP Biology Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life AP Biology Overview: A Chemical Connection to Biology Biology is a multidisciplinary science Living organisms are subject to basic laws of physics and chemistry

More information

General Biology 1004 Chapter 2 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby

General Biology 1004 Chapter 2 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby Slide 1 BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: FLUORIDE IN THE WATER There has been a sharp decline in tooth decay in the last few decades The use of fluoride in drinking water illustrates the point that organisms are chemical

More information

Atoms. Smallest particles that retain properties of an element. Made up of subatomic particles: Protons (+) Electrons (-) Neutrons (no charge)

Atoms. Smallest particles that retain properties of an element. Made up of subatomic particles: Protons (+) Electrons (-) Neutrons (no charge) Basic Chemistry Atoms Smallest particles that retain properties of an element Made up of subatomic particles: Protons (+) Electrons (-) Neutrons (no charge) Examples of Atoms electron proton neutron Hydrogen

More information

Introduction. Atom is made up of protons, electrons and neutrons. Electrons revolving in concentric circles around nucleus in fixed orbitals

Introduction. Atom is made up of protons, electrons and neutrons. Electrons revolving in concentric circles around nucleus in fixed orbitals Chemistry of life Introduction Atom is made up of protons, electrons and neutrons Electrons revolving in concentric circles around nucleus in fixed orbitals Electron Orbital (energy level) Chemical bonding

More information

The living world has a hierarchy of organizational levels - from molecules to ecosystems

The living world has a hierarchy of organizational levels - from molecules to ecosystems The living world has a hierarchy of organizational levels - from molecules to ecosystems In order to understand the whole, biologists study the parts (reductionism) With each level, new properties EMERGE

More information

Elements and Isotopes. 2-1 The Nature of Matter

Elements and Isotopes. 2-1 The Nature of Matter Elements and Isotopes An element's mass number (atomic mass) is the total number of protons and neutrons. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons. Most atomic masses

More information

Biotech 2: Atoms and Molecules OS Text Reading pp Electron cloud Atoms & Nucleus 2e Subatomic Particles Helium Electron cloud

Biotech 2: Atoms and Molecules OS Text Reading pp Electron cloud Atoms & Nucleus 2e Subatomic Particles Helium Electron cloud 9/4/017 Biotech : Atoms and Molecules OS Text Reading pp. 34-4 Atoms & Subatomic Particles Nucleus Helium e cloud cloud e Protons Neutrons Mass number = 4 s Nucleus Carbon atomic number = # of protons

More information

UNIT 3 DENSITY STRUCTURE S AND ISOTOPES

UNIT 3 DENSITY STRUCTURE S AND ISOTOPES UNIT 3 DENSITY STRUCTURE S AND ISOTOPES What is density and how to use it? A Brief History of Chemistry Structure of an Atom How to make Ions? What are Isotopes? DENSITY Density: is the mass of a substance

More information

Chemical Bonds. A chemical bond is the force of attraction holding atoms together due to the transfer or sharing of valence electrons between them.

Chemical Bonds. A chemical bond is the force of attraction holding atoms together due to the transfer or sharing of valence electrons between them. Chemical Bonds A chemical bond is the force of attraction holding atoms together due to the transfer or sharing of valence electrons between them. Atoms will either gain, lose or share electrons in order

More information

Compounds Bonded Elements Made up of two or more Types of atoms bonded together In a fixed ratio NEW SUBSTANCE Different Properties

Compounds Bonded Elements Made up of two or more Types of atoms bonded together In a fixed ratio NEW SUBSTANCE Different Properties Lecture 2 8/31/05 The Chemical Context of Life Atoms, Bonding, Molecules Before we start Website to get LECTURE NOTES http://www.uvm.edu/~dstratto/bcor011_handouts/ Questions from last time? Elements Pure

More information

CHEMISTRY 9 REVIEW & INTRO TO CHEMISTRY 10. Section 4.1: Atomic Theory and Bonding

CHEMISTRY 9 REVIEW & INTRO TO CHEMISTRY 10. Section 4.1: Atomic Theory and Bonding 1 CHEMISTRY 9 REVIEW & INTRO TO CHEMISTRY 10 Section 4.1: Atomic Theory and Bonding ATOMS AND COMPOUNDS An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element An atom

More information

What Are Atoms? Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules & Life

What Are Atoms? Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules & Life Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules & Life What Are Atoms? An atom are the smallest unit of matter. Atoms are composed of Electrons = negatively charged particles. Neutrons = particles with no charge (neutral).

More information

Life is a chemical process

Life is a chemical process CHEMISTRY FOR LIFE WHY STUDY CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the ultimate (basic) cause of all physiological processes Interactions of atoms produce chemical changes Chemical reactions involve a transfer of energy

More information

What is this? Electrons: charge, mass? Atom. Negative charge(-), mass = 0. The basic unit of matter. Made of subatomic particles:

What is this? Electrons: charge, mass? Atom. Negative charge(-), mass = 0. The basic unit of matter. Made of subatomic particles: Chemical Bonds What is this? Atom The basic unit of matter. Electrons: charge, mass? Negative charge(-), mass = 0 Made of subatomic particles: Protons: charge, mass? Positive charge (+), mass = 1 Neutrons:

More information

Chapter Chemical Elements Matter solid, liquid, and gas elements atoms. atomic symbol protons, neutrons, electrons. atomic mass atomic number

Chapter Chemical Elements Matter solid, liquid, and gas elements atoms. atomic symbol protons, neutrons, electrons. atomic mass atomic number Chapter 2 2.1 Chemical Elements 1. Matter is defined as anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. A. Elements 1. All matter (both living and non-living)

More information

8. atomic mass: the mass of the element and represents the. 9. Atomic number: on top of the atomic symbol; represents the.

8. atomic mass: the mass of the element and represents the. 9. Atomic number: on top of the atomic symbol; represents the. Intro To Chemistry Study online at quizlet.com/_2xw51k 1....:... 2. alkali metals: 8. atomic mass: the mass of the element and represents the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. 9. Atomic number:

More information

Unit 2 - Cells. Guiding Questions: How do organisms obtain and use energy they need to live and grow? (Chapters 6/8)

Unit 2 - Cells. Guiding Questions: How do organisms obtain and use energy they need to live and grow? (Chapters 6/8) Unit 2 - Cells Guiding Questions: How do organisms obtain and use energy they need to live and grow? (Chapters 6/8) How do the structures of organisms enable life s functions? (Chapters 7,9,12) NGSS Standards

More information

2-1 Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons

2-1 Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons 2-1 Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons The smallest particle of matter that still retains the properties of an element is an atom Subatomic Particles An atom is made up of protons and neutrons

More information

Life s Chemical Basis. Chapter 2

Life s Chemical Basis. Chapter 2 Life s Chemical Basis Chapter 2 Why are we studying chemistry? Chemistry is the foundation of biology Atoms Determine the behavior of elements make up all living things Building blocks of all substances

More information

CHAPTER 2 LIFE'S CHEMICAL BASIS MULTIPLE CHOICE. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge. Mercury Rising

CHAPTER 2 LIFE'S CHEMICAL BASIS MULTIPLE CHOICE. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge. Mercury Rising TEST BANK FOR BIOLOGY THE UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE 13TH EDITION BY CECEI STARR Link download full:https://digitalcontentmarket.org/download/test-bank-for-biology-the-unity-and-div ersity-of-life-13th-edition-by-cecei-starr

More information

03/02/2013. Atoms are made up of: Describe the characteristics of water and its role in biological systems

03/02/2013. Atoms are made up of: Describe the characteristics of water and its role in biological systems Describe the characteristics of water and its role in biological systems Learning Outcome B2 & B3 Describe the role of water as a solvent, temperature regulator, and lubricant Describe how the polarity

More information

General Chemistry Notes Name

General Chemistry Notes Name Bio Honors General Chemistry Notes Name Directions: Carefully read the following information. Look for the ** directions in italics** for prompts where you can do some work. Use the information you have

More information