Determination of Green Soybean (Edamame) Quality Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Part,)*

Transcription

1 1- + : /+ /0 *++ * + 1 * * * * / 0 - * * * :NRQ + Infratec++ +/ * R */1 SECV *3 NRQ R *03 SECV *+ +/ NRQ Determination of Green Soybean (Edamame) Quality Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Part )* Constituent Content Determination of Green Soybeans with Pods + 1 Hiroaki EGASHIRA* Motoyasu NATSUGA* Yoshie SUE* Takeshi IKEDA* Tomoya CHIDA* Nanako HORINOUCHI* Tsuneya AKAZAWA* / 0 - Abstract In part + we determined the eating quality-related constituents of green soybean seeds such as sucrose and NRQ using a commercial near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer and concluded that the accuracy was su$ cient for field use However this requires a time-consuming hulling process that takes +/ * minutes In order to eliminate this we carried out an investigation using the same NIR spectrometer with a sample transport module for green soybeans with pods and obtained relatively good results with R */1 and SECV *3 for sucrose and R *03 and SECV *+ **/ 3 1 **/ **0 3 1 ** /// + - TEL *-/ 2 2/ Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University Tsuruoka 3312/// Japan 3312/// + - TEL *-/ 2 3*0 Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University Tsuruoka 3312/// Japan /// + - TEL *-/ 2 3*0 Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University Tsuruoka 3312/// Japan : 33* 2/*0 - / TEL *-0 Present address : DENROKU Co Ltd Yamagata 33* 2/*0 Japan / : * *** +31* TEL *+312+ /** Present address : AJITECH Co Ltd Kitakami * *** Japan 0 : -++ +/ TEL * Present address : Rokko Region Agriculture and Forestry O$ ce Ibaraki Prefecture Hokota -++ +/+1 Japan 1 :JA 30* * TEL * // -*+ Present address : ZEN-NOH Fukushima Fukushima 30* *-+ Japan Corresponding author : toko@tds + tryamagata-uacjp

2 *++ for NRQ The results were slightly less accurate than those of the seed calibration ; however as this method does not require hulling and reduces the measuring time to approximately one fifth of that for seeds we concluded that it is better for field use [Keywords] near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) edamame with pods dadachamame quality sucrose NRQ I Infratec++ STM NRQ BSC NRQ Akazawa and Takahashi ** * II + + ** **0 NRQ NIAS +3 NRQ 0 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy : NIR Spectroscopy 3 + ** Infratec++ NRQ R *02 SECV *- NRQ R *2* SECV *+1 3 **/ **0 Sue et al **3 h +** g +/ * Infratec * + + Velasco Infratec++ Foss A/S Hillerd Denmark et al +331 Perez-Vich et al +332 Sato et al **- 2/* +*2 nm Golebiowski ** Golebiowski et al **/ Arganosa nm et al **0 Font et al **0 0* w STM b BSC : mm + BSC STM Natsuga et al **1 +*

3 : Table + + ** **0 Chemical composition of green soybean seeds (** **0) + BSC : STM : Fig + Bulk sample cell (above) and sample transport module (below) * R NRQ RC NRQ *R C ** Standard Deviation SD** SD SD SD +0 *423 4* 4-0 *41/ *4-/ +43/ *43 *4-0 - *423 4* 4+ *41/ *4-+ 4*- *43 *4-1 SDD ** **0 Table The repeatability of chemical analysis (SDD*) (** **0) BSC BSC 2 NRQ /* g 3 *4* *4*3 *Standard Deviation of the Di# erence : 10 wb 1+ * wb - BSC / wb NRQ + SDD : * Standard Deviation of the Di# erence SDD - + SDD / g-+-/ - h The Unscrambler 3 +* g CAMO Oslo NorwayFull Cross-validation TI- +** Heiko Tokyo PLS Japan Sucrose/D-Glucose Test Kit Roche Darmstadt Germany Nishizawa Nishizawa and Shishido +332 NRQ Yem Yem and Cooking +3// -

4 *++ - **0 **0 nd Fig - Original spectra and the derivative spectra Fig nd Original spectra and the derivative spectra for cooled samples of **0 green soybean with for room temperature samples of **0 green pods soybean with pods + BSC R+ RA Test Set Test Set - Full Cross-Validation III SECV * 2 * /* + SECV * + *0 - **0 SDD / Savitzky- Golay : / Maeda +0+ nm R Maeda et al C RC +33/ Kawano 2+ nm 300 nm - Kawano and Abe +33/ - RA + + R+ 30* nm O-H R+ RA SECV * 3 SECV * 2 + +

5 : Full cross-validation Full cross-validation PLS NRQ PLS Table - Calibrations for determining sucrose content Table Calibrations for determining NRQ in green in green soybean using full cross-validation soybean using full cross-validation * * R ** nf*** SECV**** R ** nf*** SECV**** ** **0 R R+ *4/0 + *4/* R+ *41* +- *4* ** **0 R RA *4/1 + *43 RA *41/ +- *4+2 ** **0 RC R+ *4/1 +- *43 R+ * *4+ ** **0 RC RA *40* + *42 RA *41 + *4* * R+ RA + - * R+ RA + - ** ** *** PLS *** PLS **** Cross-validation Standard error of cross- **** Cross-validation Standard error of crossvalidation validation SDD R C RC - RA + R+ R+ RA SECV *+ SECV ** + ** **0 Full Cross- Validation Test Set RC : Fig Scatter plot for full cross-validation using ** R+ R *1 SEP ** 2+ **0 all samples (sucrose) *- ** Full Cross-validation / Test Set RC : Full Cross-validation R+ R *0* SEP *2 2+ ** **0 RC-R+ +* * Full Cross-validation Full Cross-validation ** **0 RC-R+ IV + Infratec++ NRQ - NRQ Full Cross-Validation NRQ SECV +/ * * +2 * + + SECV * +0

6 *++ / ** **0 Full Cross- Validation NRQ Fig / Scatter plot for full cross-validation using ** **0 all samples (NRQ) + R * /1 SECV * 3 - R *0* SECV *2 NRQ R * 03 SECV * + - R * 1 SECV ** - NRQ NRQ + / + - +/ + / NIAS Infratec++ References Akazawa T Takahashi H ** Varietal di# erences in concentrations of sugar and water-soluble nitrogen in vegetable-type and grain-type soybean cultivars (in Japanese) Bulletin of the Research Farm Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University + 3 /0 Arganosa GC Darkentin T Racz VJ Blade S Phillips C Hsu H **0 Prediction of crude protein content in field peas using near infrared reflectance Canadian Journal of Plant Science 20 ( + ) +/1 +/3 Font R Del Rio-Celestino M De Haro-Bailon A **0 The use of near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) in the study of seed quality components in plant breeding programs Industrial Crops and Products (-) -*1-+- Golebiowski T ** Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy of oil in intact canola seed (Brassica napus L) I Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy + (/) -/ --* Golebiowski T Leong AS Panozzo JF **/ Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy of oil in intact canola seed (Brassica Napus L) II Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy +- () // 0 Kawano S and Abe H +33/ Development of a calibration equation with temperature compensation for determining the Brix value in intact peaches Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy - () Maeda H Ozaki Y Tanaka M Hayashi N Kojima T +33/ Near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics studies of temperature-dependent spectral variations of water : relationship between spectral changes and hydrogen bonds Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy - () +3+ *+ Natsuga M Sue Y Ikeda T Egashira H Akazawa T Ura N **1 Development and evaluation of dedicated benchtype near infrared spectrometers to estimate the flavour of green soybeans from single pod measurements Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy +/ -1-- Nishizawa T Shishido Y +332 Changes in sugar and starch concentrations of forced june-bearing strawberry plants as influenced by fruiting Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science +- / // Perez-Vich B Velasco L Fernandez-Martinez JM +332 Determination of seed oil content and fatty acid composition in sunflower through the analysis of intact seeds husked seeds meal and oil by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 1/ (/) /1 /// Sato T Maw A Katsuta M **- NIR reflectance spectro- scopic analysis of the fa composition in sesame (sesamum indicum l) seeds Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 2* ( + ) ++/ Sue Y Natsuga M Egashira H Ikeda T Chida T Horinouchi N Akazawa T **3 Determination of green soybean (edamame) quality using near-infrared spectroscopy (part + ) (in Japanese) Journal of JSAM 1+ () */ Velasco L De Haro A Fernandez-Martinez JM +331 Determination of the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed mustard by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 1 ( + ) +/3/ +0* Yem EW Cooking E +3// The determination of amino acids with ninhydrine Analyst 2* *3 +- : *+* + : *+* 0 +/ : *