KINETICS OF OXIDATION OF DEOXYBENZOIN BY CHROMIC ACID
|
|
- Franklin York
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 KINETICS OF OXIDATION OF DEOXYBENZOIN BY CHROMIC ACID BY P. L. NAYAK AND N. C. KHANDUAL (Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw College, Cuttack-3 and Department of Chemistry, G. M. College, Sambalpur) Received November 16, 1973 (Communicated by Prof. M. Santappa, r.a.ac.) ABSTRACT The kinetics of the oxidation of deoxybenzoin by chrcmic acid in 95% (vol/vol) aqueous acetic acid has been investigated. The reacticn rate is first order with respect to the oxidant as well as to the organic substrate. The reaction rate decreases in the presence of added Mn (II) ions. The presence of complexing agents like succinic acid, piperidine, etc. decreases the rate. The thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation have been computed. A mechanism proceeding through an enol intermediate has been suggested. INTRODUCTION Cm omic acid is one of the most versatile of the available oxidising agents reacting with all types of oxidisable groups.' Umeda and Tarama 2 as well as Best, Littler and Waters 3 have discussed the mechanism of oxidation of cyclohexanone by chromic acid. Rocek and Riehl 4 have reported that the aliphatic ketones are oxidised via their enol form. Very recently, we have reported5 some interesting features regarding chromic acid oxidation of aromatic ketones. This study is concerned with the kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of deoxybenzoin by chromic acid, MATERIALS AND METHODS Deoxybenzoin was prepared and purified by the method of Billard and Dehn, m.p. 58 C. Acetic ac:d (BDH, AnalaR) was distilled over chromic oxide. Triple distilled water was used for dilution. All other chemicals were of AR grade. Kinetic measurements. The rate measurements were carried out at constant temperature (±O 10). The solvent used was 95% aqueous acetic 33 Acad.--A 3
2 34 P. L. NAYAK AND N. C. KHANDUAL acid (v/v) containing 0.1 M perchloric acid. The reactions were followed by withdrawing aliquots of the reaction mixture at known intervals of time arid quenching the reaction by adding slight excess of ferrous ammonium sulphate aid titrating the residual Fe (II) against standard K 2Cr 2O 7 using barium diphenylaminc sulphonate as an indicator. Diffused light did no affect the rate constants. The rate constants were computed with an accuracy of 1-2% in duplicate runs. Staichiometry and product analysis. The stoichiometry was determined by allowing reaction mixtures containing excess of chromic acid to star d for 3-4 days at 4Q 0 C. The unreacted oxidant was then estimated by the usual procedure. In the oxidation of deoxybenzoin to benzil three moles of the ketone undergo oxidation requiring four moles of chromic acid in accordance with the equation. 3 C6H5CH 2CO C H CrO H C 6H 5CO CO C 6H 5+ 4 Cr (III) + 13H 20. The TLC pure product isolated was characterised (IR, m.m.p) as benzil, m.p. 95 C. Rate laws. The reaction is first order with respect to the [ketone] as well as the [oxidant]( Tables I and II). The rate of the reaction increases with RESULTS TABLE I Dependence of rate on Chromium (VI) in 0.1 M Perchloric acid in 95 acetic acid at 40 C, [Deoxybenzoin] = 0.05M [Cr01] M kl x 105 sec-1 k2 x 10 2 M-' see
3 Kinetics of Oxidation of Deoxybenzoin by Chromic Acid 35 TABLE II Deoxybenzoin dependence for the oxidation at 40 C. in 95% acetic acid [Chromic acid] = (M): [HC1O4] = 01(M) [Deoxybenzoin] M k1 jx 10 5 in sec increase in [HC1O 4] and the first order rate constant is proportional to [I-I+]. Umcda and Tarama as well as Waters and coworkers 3 have investigated the kinetics of the chromic acid oxidation of cyclo-hexanone and found the rate to be first order with respect to the ketone, chromic acid and hydrogen ion. Very recently, similar observations have been found by Rocek and Riehl4 and Bakore and coworkers' for aliphatic ketone oxidaions and Nayak and coworkers on aromatic ketone oxidations. Effect of added Mn (II). The reaction rate decreases in the presence of addcd Mn (II) ions (Table VI). This is possibly due to the fact that Mn (II) zions catalyse the disproportionation of intermediate valence states of chromium. This also indicates that Cr (IV) is the active oxidising species. Since Mn0 2 does not accumulate in the reaction mixture, it may be reasonable to propose the following reaction in the presence of Mn (I1) ions. 3Cr (IV) + Mn (II) +HCrO4 + 2Cr (III) + Mn (III). The same argument has also been advanced by Radhakrishnamurty's Sengupta 9 and Bakore 1 while discussing the effect of Mn + 2 in these oxidation reactions. Influence of certain dibasic acids on rate The rate constants in the presence of added dibasic acids and bases are given in Table V. The rate of the reaction decreases in the presence of dibasic acids and organic bases. This can be explained if we consider that Cr (VI) gets reduced in the rate determining step to Cr (IV), assuming that most favourable geometry of the transition state will be a two-electron transfer. Any system which inhibits such a transfer is expected to decrease the rate of reaction. The same argument has also been advanced by Anantakrjshnan and coworkers."
4 36 P. L. NAYAK AND N. C. KHANDUAL Influence of temperature. The plot of logk vs. in-verse of temperature is a straight line. Arrherius equation is, therefore, valid for this reaction. The data on the effect of temperature on the rate of oxidation are given in Table III. TABLE III Influence of temperature on reaction velocity Temperature in 0 C k1 x 105 sec E in K. Cal/mole AS" e AH" K.Cal/mole 21.1 L F" K.Cal/deg mole The enol intermediate. The rate equation for the oxidation of a ketona through an enol may be represented as follows: k g CrO3 Ketone + H+ Enol ---^ products k K k Thus d [CrO3] _ ke k [Ketone] [CrO3 ]' dt kk + k [Cr03 ] Where ke and kk represent the rate of enolisation and ketonisation respectively. The experimentally determined rate constants kl and k3 may be represented as follows: d [CrO. ]kl [ketone] dt = k2 [CrO3] [ketone] (2) kl = ke k [CrO3]/ kx + k [CrOs ] (31
5 Kinetics of Oxidation of Deoxybenzoin by Chromic Acid 37 and or ka = ke k^ [kk -f- kk (CrO3)] (4) 1 kk [CrO3] k 2 k ke (5) At low chromic acid concentration, the oxidation of enol will be the ratelimiting step and the reaction w;ll be first order both in ketone and chromic acid and at high chromic acid concentration enolisation will become rate limiting step and ki = ke. Thus the enolisation mechanism to be true, (i) Plot of kl vs. [Cr03] should give a curve approaching a constant value at high chromic acid concentration, and (ii) Plot of I lk 2 vs. [Cr03 ] should give a straight line. This has been verified by plotting kl vs. [Cr03] and 1/k 2 vs. [CrO3]. TABLE IV Acid dependence of the oxidation of deoxybenzoin by chromic acid at 40 C. [Deoxybenzoin] = 0.05 (M) [Chromic acid] = (M) [HC1O 4] kl x 105 sec' H
6 38 P. L. NAYAK AND N. C. KHANDUAL Mechanism of the reaction. The rate of enolisation of deoxybenqoin was measured by bromination method. The rate of bromination was found TABLE V Effrct of complexing agent on rate Temperature = 40 C. [Chromic acid] = 00048(M); [Deoxybenzoin] = 0.05 (M) [Complexing agent] = (M) ; [HCIO4] = 0.1 (M) Catalyst used kl x 10 5 sec -1 Nil Succinic acid Adipic acid Diethyl amine Pyridine Piperidine TABLE VI Effect of manganous ions on the oxidation of deoxybenzoin Temperature = 40 C. [Chromic acid] = 0'004(M); [Deoxybenzoin] = 005(M); [HCIO 4] = 01M [MnSO,] M k1 x 105 sec-' Solvent 95N acetic acid Nil
7 Kinetics of Oxidation of Deoxybenzoin by Chromic Acid 39 to be first order w;th respect to the ketone and zero order with respect to bromine. The rate constant at 40 C. was computed to be kedo = X 10-5 sec-1. By comparison, it can be concluded that the rate of oxidation is very much similar to the rate of enolisation. The correlation of the rate of oxidation with the rate of enolisation suggests that the mechanism of oxidation reaction proceeds through enolisation as pointed out by earlier workers. Enols are hydroxy compounds. Recently, Wiberg and Schafer 12 showed that alcohols are oxidised via the rapid reversible formation of a chromate ester. Such a mode of oxidation may be conceived for ketones also. However, enols are acids of pk comparable to phenols and their esterification would be small. Hence attack of chromic acid, H 2CrO 4 or its conjugated acid, H.CrO4 on the enols is best represented as a concerted process. Thus the - mechanism may be represented as follows: MECHANISM + OH C6H5 CO., CH2 - C6H5 ` o C6H5 - C = elf - C6H5 H dh H 1 C6Ii5-C = Cr+ - OH slow C6H5 - I - 0 Cr+ 02H2 U C O H^: ^H H2O 1 C6H5 C6H5 0 Cr 02H2 + C6H5 - CH - CO - C6H5 + H2O _._.p H3Cr 03 + CrHS_CH (OH ). CO. C6HS Cr (VI) C6H5 CH (OH).CO.C OHs --- CgH S CO.CO.C6H5. fast Very recently, Bakore' has proposed similar mechanism for fhe chromic acid oxidation of aliphatic kitones and a diketone has been isolated as the product of oxidation. Similar mechanism has also been proposed by Corey and Schaefer 13 for the SeO, oxidation of deoxybenzoin where the enol form
8 40 P. L. NAYAK - AND N. C. I(HANDUAL has been directly attacked by seleneous acid and benzil has been identified as the product of oxidation. The authors are grateful to Prof. M. Santappa, F.N.A., Director, Central Leather Research Institute, Madras, for many valuable suggestions. 1. Wiberg, K. B. 2., Umeda, K. and Tarama, K. 3. Best, P.A. and Waters, W. A. 4. Rocek, J. and Riehl, A. 5. Khandual, N. C., Satpathy, K. K. and Nayak, P. L. 6. Billard, D. A. and Deh, W. M. 7. Tandon, S. K., Banerjee, K. K. and Bakore, G. V. 8. Radhakrishnamurty, P. S. and Behera, T. C. 9. Sengupta, K. K. 10. Bakore, G. V. and Narain, S. 11. Anantakrishnan, S. V. and Varadarajan, R. REFERENCES Oxidation in Organic Chemistry, Academic Press, 1965, pp. 69. Nippon Kagaku Zasshi, 1962, 83, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 822. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1967, 89, ` Kinetic and Mechanism of chromic acid oxidation of Aromatic ketones," Ind. J. Chem., 1973, 11, 770, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, Ind. J. Chem., 1971, 9, 677. Ibid., 1971, 9, 41. Bull. Chem. Soc. (Japan), 1970, 43, 590. J. Chem. Soc., 1963, p Ind. J. Chem., 1970, 8, Wiberg, K. B. and J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 923. Schafer, H. 13. Corey, J. E. and Ibid., 1960, 82, 918. Schaefer, J. P.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols by Acidified Dichromate in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY An International Open Free Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal www.orientjchem.org ISSN: 0970-020 X CODEN: OJCHEG 2014, Vol. 30, No. (3): Pg. 1391-1396 Kinetics and Mechanism
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Chemica Sinica, 2013, 4(1):100-104 ISSN: 0976-8505 CODEN (USA) CSHIA5 Oxidation of S-phenylmercaptoacetic acid by quinoxalinium dichromate K. G. Sekar*
More informationKinetic Study of Oxidation of n-hexanol by Tetramethyl ammonium Fluorochromate
Kinetic Study of Oxidation of n-hexanol by Tetramethyl ammonium Fluorochromate Sayyed Hussain 1 and Syed Yousuf Hussain 2* 1-P.G. Department of Chemistry, Sir Sayyed College Aurangabad 2-Department of
More informationKinetics and Mechnism of Oxidation of Benzhydrol by 4-Methyl Pyridinium Di Chromate in Acetic Acid Water Medium
International Journal of Chemistry and Applications. ISSN 0974-3111 Volume 5, Number 1 (2013), pp. 45-53 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Kinetics and Mechnism of Oxidation
More informationNucleophilic substitution at a benzylic carbon by an ambident nucleophile---a linear free energy relationship
Proc. Indian Aead. Sci., Vol. 88 A, Part I, Number 5, ctober 1979, pp. 329-335, printed in India Nucleophilic substitution at a benzylic carbon by an ambident nucleophile---a linear free energy relationship
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(12): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(12):143-147 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 A Kinetic Study of Oxidation of Cetirizine Hydrochloride
More informationOxidation of Aromatic Monoethers by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium A Kinetic Approach
6 Oxidation of Aromatic Monoethers by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium A Kinetic Approach V. Priya, PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil
More informationKinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol by Benzimidazolium Fluorochromate
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E- Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net Vol. 5, No.4, pp. 754-760, October 2008 Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol by Benzimidazolium Fluorochromate J. DHARMARAJA,
More informationKinetics and mechanism of oxidation of benzyl alcohol by Oxone catalyzed by Keggin type 12-tungstocobaltate(II)
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Archives of Applied Science Research, 2014, 6 (3):133-137 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-508X CODEN (USA) AASRC9 Kinetics
More informationInternational Journal of Chemical Studies
ISSN: 2321-4902 Volume 1 Issue 4 Online Available at www.chemijournal.com International Journal of Chemical Studies Kinetic of Permagnetic Oxidation of Thiophene-2-aldehyde in acidic media Najwa Abdul
More informationCHEM Chapter 23. Carbonyl Condensation Reactions (quiz) W25
CHEM 2425. Chapter 23. Carbonyl Condensation Reactions (quiz) W25 Student: 1. Which of the following statements about Aldol reactions with either aldehydes or ketones is true? Equilibrium favors the starting
More informationChapter 10: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Chapter 10: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives The back of the white willow tree (Salix alba) is a source of salicylic acid which is used to make aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) The functional group
More informationSTOICHIOMETRY 1. Balance the following redox reaction by ion- electron method taking place in acidic medium
STOICHIOMETRY Short Answer Questions: 1. Balance the following redox reaction by ion- electron method taking place in acidic medium Cr O NO Cr NO. 7 Solution: Writing oxidation numbers 6 5 7 Cr O N O Cr
More informationKinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Alanine and Phenylalanine by Fenton s Reagent
Research Article Kinetics and Mechanism of xidation of Alanine and Phenylalanine by Fenton s Reagent Mohamed Nuri Rahuma 1 and Iftikhar Ahmad 2 1 Chemistry Department, University of Benghazi, Benghazi,
More informationBut in organic terms: Oxidation: loss of H 2 ; addition of O or O 2 ; addition of X 2 (halogens).
Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. Normally: Oxidation
More informationRESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6.1 Reactive Species of Catalyst and Oxidant 6.2 Mechanism and Rate Law 6.3 Multiple Regression Analysis 6.4 Comparative Study 6.5 Conclusion 6.6 Future Prospect In this chapter,
More informationOrganic Chemistry Review: Topic 10 & Topic 20
Organic Structure Alkanes C C σ bond Mechanism Substitution (Incoming atom or group will displace an existing atom or group in a molecule) Examples Occurs with exposure to ultraviolet light or sunlight,
More informationSOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY
CS 1 Syllabus : SOME BASIC COCEPTS I CHEMISTRY Matter and its nature, Dalton s atomic theory; Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; Physical quantities and their measurement in Chemistry, precision
More informationBackground Information
ackground nformation ntroduction to Condensation eactions Condensation reactions occur between the α-carbon of one carbonyl-containing functional group and the carbonyl carbon of a second carbonyl-containing
More informationMechanism of oxidation of L-methionine by iron(iii)-1,10-phenanthroline complex A kinetic study
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 113, No. 4, August 001, pp 351 359 Indian Academy of Sciences Mechanism of oxidation of L-methionine by iron(iii)-1,10-phenanthroline complex A kinetic study
More informationIJRPC 2017, 7(2), Subba Rao Tanguturu et al. ISSN: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARACY AND CHEISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article KINETICS OF ECHANIS OF OXIDATION OF DIACETYL BY VARIETY OF N-HALO COPOUNDS LIKE TRICHLORO ISOCYANURIC
More informationKinetic And Mechanism of Oxidation of Cobalt Metal Complex By Acidic Potassium Permanganate
International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Kinetic And Mechanism of Oxidation of Cobalt Metal Complex By Acidic Potassium Permanganate Sayyed Hussain 1,Sunita Jadhav 1,Sayyed
More informationPaper Reference. Advanced Unit Test 6B (Synoptic) Monday 25 June 2007 Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Centre No. Paper Reference Surname Initial(s) Candidate No. 6 2 4 6 0 2 Signature Paper Reference(s) 6246/02 Edexcel GCE Chemistry Examiner s use only Team Leader s use only Advanced Unit Test 6B (Synoptic)
More information1/4/2011. Chapter 18 Aldehydes and Ketones Reaction at the -carbon of carbonyl compounds
Chapter 18 Aldehydes and Ketones Reaction at the -carbon of carbonyl compounds The Acidity of the Hydrogens of Carbonyl Compounds: Enolate Anions Hydrogens on carbons to carbonyls are unusually acidic
More informationTitle. Author(s)BALASUBRAMANIAN, K.; KURIACOSE, J. C. Issue Date Doc URL. Type. File Information FERRITE SPINEL
Title KINETICS OF REACTIONS OF ACETIC ACID AND 2-PROPANOL FERRITE SPINEL Author(s)BALASUBRAMANIAN, K.; KURIACOSE, J. C. CitationJOURNAL OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR CATALYSIS HOKK Issue Date 1983-11 Doc
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OXIDATION RATES OF PERFUMERY PHENOLS USING INORGANIC OXIDANTS
ISSN: 0974-1496 e-issn: 0976-0083 CODEN: RJCABP http://www.rasayanjournal.com http://www.rasayanjournal.co.in A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OXIDATION RATES OF D.V. Prabhu* and Chetana Rana Department of Chemistry,
More informationKINETICS AND MECHANISM OF KEGGIN TYPE 12-TUNGSTOCOBALTATE (II) CATALYZED POTASSIUM IODIDE OXIDATION BY PERBORATE
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 12(1), 2014, 145-154 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF KEGGIN TYPE 12-TUNGSTOCOBALTATE (II) CATALYZED POTASSIUM IODIDE OXIDATION BY PERBORATE D. S.
More informationUSE OF MERCURIC ACETATE IN ORGANIC PREPARATIONS
USE OF MERCURIC ACETATE IN ORGANIC PREPARATIONS Part II. Some Experiments on its Use as an Oxidising Agent BY N. V. SUBBA RAO AND T. R. SESHADRI (From the Department of Chemical Technology, Andhra University,
More informationReversible Additions to carbonyls: Weak Nucleophiles Relative Reactivity of carbonyls: Hydration of Ketones and Aldehydes
Reversible Additions to carbonyls: Weak Nucleophiles Weak nucleophiles, such as water, alcohols, and amines, require acid or base catalysis to undergo addition to carbonyl compounds Relative Reactivity
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Chemica Sinica, 2012, 3(3):703707 Kinetics of oxidation of allyl alcohol by imidazoliumdichromate K. G. Sekar *1 and M. Vellaisamy 2 ISSN: 09768505
More information1. This question is about Group 7 of the Periodic Table - the halogens. The standard electrode potentials for these elements are given below.
1. This question is about Group 7 of the Periodic Table - the halogens. The standard electrode potentials for these elements are given below. Electrode reaction E /V 1 F 2 2 + e F +2.87 1 Cl 2 2 + e Cl
More informationCHEM 343 Principles of Organic Chemistry II Summer Instructor: Paul J. Bracher. Quiz # 3. Monday, July 21 st, :30 a.m.
CHEM 343 Principles of Organic Chemistry II Summer 2014 Quiz # 3 Solutions Key Page 1 of 9 CHEM 343 Principles of Organic Chemistry II Summer 2014 Instructor: Paul J. Bracher Quiz # 3 Monday, July 21 st,
More informationThiourea as Reductimetric Standard: Standardisation of Cerium(IV), Dichromate, Bromate, Chloramine-T, and N-Bromosuccinimide Solutions
Mikrochimica Acta [Wien] 1978 II, 191--196 MIKROCHIMICA ACTA 9 by Springer-Verlag 1978 Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Simla-171005, India Thiourea as Reductimetric Standard: Standardisation
More informationIntroduction & Definitions Catalytic Hydrogenations Dissolving Metal Reduction Reduction by Addition of H- and H+ Oxidation of Alcohols Oxidation of
CEM 241- UNIT 4 xidation/reduction Reactions Redox chemistry 1 utline Introduction & Definitions Catalytic ydrogenations Dissolving Metal Reduction Reduction by Addition of - and + xidation of Alcohols
More information(a) (b) CHAPTER 22. Practice exercises
CAPTE 22 Practice exercises 22.1 ()-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid cis-butenedioic acid or (Z)-butenedioic acid (c) ()-3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpenanoic acid 22.3 benzyl alcohol iodobenzene 22.5 pk a = 5.03
More informationAQA A2 CHEMISTRY TOPIC 5.4 TRANSITION METALS PART 2 REDOX REACTIONS AND CATALYSIS BOOKLET OF PAST EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
AQA A2 CHEMISTRY TOPIC 5.4 TRANSITION METALS PART 2 REDOX REACTIONS AND CATALYSIS BOOKLET OF PAST EXAMINATION QUESTIONS 1. Chemical reactions can be affected by homogeneous or by heterogeneous catalysts.
More informationA kinetic study of the mechanism of oxidation of arabinose, fructose and lactose by peroxydisulphate
International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, () (5) www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijbas Science Publishing Corporation doi:.9/ijbas.vi.6 Research Paper A kinetic study of the mechanism of oxidation
More informationShow by calculation that the starting concentration of the manganate(vii) ions was mol dm 3.
1. Manganate(VII) ions react with ethanedioate ions in acidic solution. MnO 4 (aq) + 16H + (aq) + 5C O 4 (aq) Mn + (aq) + 8H O(l) + 10CO (g) (a) In a particular experiment 00 cm of aqueous potassium manganate(vii),
More informationCARBONYL COMPOUNDS: OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION Introduction Several functional groups contain the carbonyl group Carbonyl groups can be converted into alcohols by various reactions Structure of the Carbonyl
More informationHW #3: 14.26, 14.28, 14.30, 14.32, 14.36, 14.42, 14.46, 14.52, 14.56, Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols
Chemistry 131 Lecture 8: Alcohols, Ethers and Sulfur Analogs: Structure, Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Chemical Reactivity Chapter 14 in McMurry, Ballantine, et. al. 7 th edition HW #3: 14.26,
More informationAdvanced Higher Chemistry KINETICS. Learning Outcomes Questions & Answers
Advanced Higher Chemistry Unit 2 - Chemical Reactions KINETICS Learning Outcomes Questions & Answers KHS Chemistry Dec 2006 page 1 6. KINETICS 2.128 The rate of a chemical reaction normally depends on
More informationKinetic Study of Oxidation of Acettyl Acetone by Nicotinium Dichromate
Nano Vision, Vol.3 (2), 70-74 (2013) Kinetic Study of Oxidation of Acettyl Acetone by Nicotinium Dichromate S.K. NIGAM #, PRIYANKA PATEL *, AKS TIWARI # and ANITA TIWARI # * Guest Lecturer, Govt. Tilak
More informationKinetics and Mechanism of EDTA-Catalyzed Oxidation of (S)-Phenylmercaptoacetic Acid by Chromium(VI)
J. Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol., No. 5, (006) 7773 Kinetics and Mechanism of EDTACatalyzed Oxidation of (S)Phenylmercaptoacetic Acid by Chromium(VI) K. Sathiyanarayanan, C. Pavithra, and Chang Woo Lee* Department
More informationKinetic and mechanistic studies on the hypochlorite oxidation of 1-phenyl ethanol and its para substituted derivatives in aqueous acetic acid medium
International Journal of hemtech Research ODEN (USA): IJRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555 Vol.10 No.7, pp 5-40, 2017 Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the hypochlorite oxidation of 1-phenyl
More informationKinetic Studies on The Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol and Substituted Benzyl Alcohols in Organic Medium under Phase Transfer Catalysis
Available online at BCREC Website: http://bcrec.undip.ac.id Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 9 (2), 2014, 142-147 Research Article Kinetic Studies on The Selective xidation of Benzyl
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Chemica Sinica, 2012, 3(5):1108-1112 ISSN: 0976-8505 CODEN (USA) CSHIA5 Oxidation of Ethyl -2-Chloropropionate by Potassium permanganate in acidic
More informationCr : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 1 3d 5
Chromium Chemistry Cr : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 1 3d 5 F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo, M. Bochman, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6 th ed., John Wiley, New York. Elemental Chromium Chief
More informationClass XII: Chemistry Chapter 13: Amines Top concepts
Class XII: Chemistry Chapter 13: Amines Top concepts 1. Amines are regarded as derivatives of ammonia in which one, two or all three hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl group 2. Classification
More informationKinetic and Thermodynamic Study for the Oxidation of 4-Oxo-4-phenyl Butanoic Acid by Tripropylammonium fluorochromate in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
RIENTAL JURNAL CHEMISTRY An International pen ree Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal www.orientjchem.org ISSN: 0970-020 X CDEN: JCHEG 2015, Vol. 31, No. (1): Pg. 17-23 Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
More informationChapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols 45 -Alcohols have the general formula R-OH and are characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group, -OH. -Phenols have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an
More informationN-Chlorination of secondary amides. I. Kinetics of N-chlorination of N-methyl acet amide
NChlorination of secondary amides. I. Kinetics of Nchlorination of Nmethyl acet amide M. WAYMAN AND E. W. C. W. THOMM Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto
More informationThree experiments were carried out using different initial concentrations of the three reactants x 10 5
1 Bromate(V) ions, BrO 3, oxidize bromide ions, Br, in the presence of dilute acid, H +, as shown in the equation below. BrO 3 (aq) + 5Br (aq) + 6H + (aq) 3Br 2 (aq) + 3H 2 O(l) Three experiments were
More informationLecture 3: Aldehydes and ketones
Lecture 3: Aldehydes and ketones I want to start by talking about the mechanism of hydroboration/ oxidation, which is a way to get alcohols from alkenes. This gives the anti-markovnikov product, primarily
More informationChapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group
Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group In Chapter 18 Additions to the Carbonyl Groups In Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group O O - - O - O R Y R C+ Y R Y Nu -Ȳ R N u + Y=goodleavinggroup
More informationAlthough we won t go into this, the reactions can be regioselective if non-symmetrical alkenes are used.
2.1 rganic ynthesis A. Armstrong - 2004-2005 Functional Group Interconversions - Lecture 5 ection 5: xidation of C- bonds bearing no heteroatom 5.1 xidation of allylic positions Many reagents will do this
More informationKinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of formic and oxalic acids by quinolinium fluorochromate
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 112, No. 2, April 2000, pp. 73 81 Indian Academy of Sciences Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of formic and oxalic acids by quinolinium fluorochromate
More informationAldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids
Teacher Orientation Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids contains following topics: Nomenclature Preparation Properties Student Orientation Preparation and Properties Of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic
More informationResearch Article. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of ketoacids by N-bromophthalimide in aqueous acetic acid medium
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(8):267-272 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CDEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of ketoacids
More informationSCH4U: Practice Exam
SCHU_07-08 SCHU: Practice Exam Energy in Chemistry 1. Which of the following correctly describes a reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings? a. the reaction is endothermic b. H for this reaction
More informationWrite an overall equation for the first stage in the rusting of iron.
1. (a) Define the term standard electrode potential............. (b) When a metal is placed in a solution of its ions, the electrical potential set up between the metal and the solution cannot be measured
More informationCHEMISTRY PAPER 1 (THEORY)
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 (THEORY) (Three Hours) (Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationM09/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+ CHEMISTRY. Monday 18 May 2009 (afternoon) 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
M09/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+ 22096110 CHEMISTRY standard level Paper 1 Monday 18 May 2009 (afternoon) 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
More informationCHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL
*P15* PRE-LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2009 CHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL TIME: 3 HOURS 400 MARKS Answer eight questions in all These must include at least two questions from Section A All questions carry
More informationKinetic features of the oxidation of secondary alcohol by polymer - supported chromic acid
Kinetic features of the oxidation of secondary alcohol by polymer - supported chromic acid Vilas Y. Sonawane* and Nandini. Hilage. a * Department of Chemistry, Bhausaheb Nene Arts, Science and Comm. College,
More informationKinetics of a Reaction of 3-Chloroacetylacetone with Thioureas
Kinetics of a Reaction of 3-Chloroacetylacetone with Thioureas a B.. Zaware*, b R. A. Mane and c. R. Kuchekar a New Arts Commerce and cience College, Ahmednagar (M..), India b Department of chemistry,
More informationFORM A. Answer d. b. ideal gas versus non-ideal (or real) gas: (5)
Chem 130 Name Exam 1, Ch 5-6 October 1, 011 100 Points Please follow the instructions for each section of the exam. Show your work on all mathematical problems. Provide answers with the correct units and
More informationChromic acid oxidation of aromatic alcohols1
Chromic acid oxidation of aromatic alcohols1 Ross STEWART AND FARIZA BANOO~ Department of Chemistry, University of British Colunzbia, Vat~couver 8, British Colu~nbia Received March 13, 1969 The mechanism
More informationName:. Correct Questions = Wrong Questions =.. Unattempt Questions = Marks =
Name:. Correct Questions = Wrong Questions =.. Unattempt Questions = Marks = 1. Which salt is colorless? (A) KMn 4 (B) BaS 4 (C) Na 2 Cr 4 (D) CoCl 2 2. Which 0.10 M aqueous solution exhibits the lowest
More information7-OXIDATION, REDUCTION, RED-OX REACTIONS, TYPES
7-OXIDATION, REDUCTION, RED-OX REACTIONS, TYPES 1) In the reaction CuO + NH Cu + N + HO, the oxidation number of N changes from 1) to 0 ) 0 to + ) to + 4) to 0 ) In the reaction MnO 4 MnO, the number of
More informationQ1. The following pairs of compounds can be distinguished by simple test tube reactions.
Q1. The following pairs of compounds can be distinguished by simple test tube reactions. For each pair of compounds, give a reagent (or combination of reagents) that, when added separately to each compound,
More informationA KINETIC APPROACH TO THE OXIDATION OF 1- HEXANOL AND CYCLOHEXANOL USING INORGANIC OXIDANTS
ISSN: 0974-1496 e-issn: 0976-0083 CODEN: RJCABP http://www.rasayanjournal.com http://www.rasayanjournal.co.in A KINETIC APPROACH TO THE OXIDATION OF 1- HEXANOL AND CYCLOHEXANOL USING INORGANIC OXIDANTS
More informationJUNIOR COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENT 14 SECOND YEAR PRACTICAL. Name: Group: Date:
JUNIOR COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENT 14 SECOND YEAR PRACTICAL Name: Group: Date: This practical will serve as (i) an introduction to aromatic chemistry and (ii) a revision of some of the reactions
More informationNANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS CHEMISTRY
NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS OAFA/01/07 STRUCTURE OF EXAMINATION PAPER CHEMISTRY 1. There will be one 2-hour paper consisting of two sections.
More informationChemistry 283g- Experiment 3
EXPERIMENT 3: xidation of Alcohols: Solid-Supported xidation and Qualitative Tests Relevant sections in the text: Fox & Whitesell, 3 rd Ed. pg. 448-452. A portion of this experiment is based on a paper
More informationH H O C C O H Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives C CH 2 C. N Goalby chemrevise.org. Strength of carboxylic acids.
19 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives Naming arboxylic acids These have the ending -oic acid but no number is necessary for the acid group as it must always be at the end of the chain. The numbering always
More informationMicellar Catalysis on 1,10-Phenanthroline Promoted Chromic Acid Oxidation of Ethane-1,2-diol in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature
Printed in the Republic of Korea http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2012.56.6.720 Micellar Catalysis on 1,10-Phenanthroline Promoted Chromic Acid Oxidation of Ethane-1,2-diol in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature
More informationAlcohols, Ethers and Epoxides. Chapter Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry
Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides Chapter 17-18 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry 1 Introduction Structure and Bonding Alcohols contain a hydroxy group (OH) bonded to an sp 3 hybridized carbon. 2
More informationChapter 19. Carbonyl Compounds III Reaction at the α-carbon
Chapter 19. Carbonyl Compounds III Reaction at the α-carbon There is a basic hydrogen (α hydrogen) on α carbon, which can be removed by a strong base. 19.1 The Acidity of α-hydrogens A hydrogen bonded
More informationKinetic Approach to Photochemical Oxidation of Succinic Acid by Chloramine-T in Presence of UV-Light
Research Article Kinetic Approach to Photochemical Oxidation of Succinic Acid by Chloramine-T in Presence of UV-Light Meena Wadhwani 1, Shubha Jain 2,* and Rekha Chauhan 3 1 Advance College of Science
More informationBenzenes & Aromatic Compounds
Benzenes & Aromatic Compounds 1 Structure of Benzene H H C C C H C 6 H 6 H C C C H H A cyclic conjugate molecule Benzene is a colourless odourless liquid, boiling at 80 o C and melting at 5 o C. It is
More informationDAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE 6 Dr Ali El-Agamey 1 Oxidation States Easy for inorganic salts: CrO 4 2- reduced to Cr 2 O 3. KMnO 4 reduced to MnO 2. Oxidation: Gain of O,
More informationAngel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015
Grade 11B Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 Chemistry - I Duration: 1.00 Hour Part 1 1) A liquid boils at a temperature of 100 o C. Which other property of the liquid
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge Pre-U Certificate
www.xtremepapers.com Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Pre-U Certificate *1987252647* CHEMISTRY 9791/03 Paper 3 Part B Written May/June 2014 2 hours 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question
More informationSTUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF PYRIDINIUM DICHROMATE AND SUBSTRATE ON THE KINETICS OF OS(VIII ) CATALYSED OXIDATION OF BENZALDEHYDE ANILS BY PDC
STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF PYRIDINIUM DICHROMATE AND SUBSTRATE ON THE KINETICS OF OS(VIII ) CATALYSED OXIDATION OF BENZALDEHYDE ANILS BY PDC Dr.V.Krishnasamy 1, G.Mathubala 2 1 Professor of Chemistry, Bharath
More informationChem 130 Name Exam 2 October 11, Points Part I: Complete all of problems 1-9
Chem 130 Name Exam October 11, 017 100 Points Please follow the instructions for each section of the exam. Show your work on all mathematical problems. Provide answers with the correct units and significant
More informationChapter 12 Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation-Reduction and Organometallic Compounds
Chapter 12 Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation-Reduction and Organometallic Compounds Introduction Several functional groups contain the carbonyl group Carbonyl groups can be converted into alcohols
More informationCONDENSATION OF N1TROMETHANE AND NITROETHANE WITH ETHYL MALEATE AND FUMARATE IN THE PRESENCE OF POTASSIUM FLUORIDE*
CONDENSATION OF N1TROMETHANE AND NITROETHANE WITH ETHYL MALEATE AND FUMARATE IN THE PRESENCE OF POTASSIUM FLUORIDE* A. OSTASZYNSKI, J. WIELGAT and T. URBANSKI Institute of Organic Synthesis, Polish Academy
More informationThe City School. Subject: Chemistry CIE Code: Curriculum Distribution Chart
The City School Curriculum Distribution Chart Class 9: September 2014 to May 2015 Subject: Chemistry CIE Code: 5070 Syllabus Content (As taken from the CIE 2015 syllabus) Topic Content Week Learning Outcomes
More informationSuggest TWO aspects to show approach II is considered to be a greener method than using approach I.
1. (a) Answer the following short questions Nowadays, products manufactured from industrial process emphasize on a green approach. An organic compound is manufactured by two different approaches as shown
More informationAlpha Substitution and Condensations of Enols and Enolate Ions. Alpha Substitution
Alpha Substitution and ondensations of Enols and Enolate Ions hap 23 W: 27, 28, 30, 31, 37, 39, 42-44, 47, 51, 54-56 Alpha Substitution Replacement of a hydrogen on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl,
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level *156507654 3 * CHEMISTRY 9701/21 Paper 2 Structured Questions AS Core May/June
More informationAmines Reading Study Problems Key Concepts and Skills Lecture Topics: Amines: structure and nomenclature
Amines Reading: Wade chapter 19, sections 19-1-19-19 Study Problems: 19-37, 19-39, 19-40, 19-41, 19-44, 19-46, 19-47, 19-48, 19-51, 19-54 Key Concepts and Skills: Explain how the basicity of amines varies
More informationChapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The
More informationKinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol and Benzaldehyde by Aqueous Sodium Dichromate
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol and Benzaldehyde by Aqueous Sodium Dichromate DONALD G. LEE AND UDO A. SPITZER The Department of Chemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan
More informationChemistry Assessment Unit A2 1
Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED General Certificate of Education 2008 Chemistry Assessment Unit A2 1 assessing Module 4: Further Organic, Physical and Inorganic Chemistry [A2C11] A2C11 THURSDAY
More informationPaper Reference. (including synoptic assessment) Thursday 12 June 2008 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference 6 2 4 5 0 1 Paper Reference(s) 6245/01 Edexcel GCE Chemistry Advanced Unit Test 5 (including synoptic assessment) Thursday 12 June 2008 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30
More informationPaper Reference. (including synoptic assessment) Thursday 11 June 2009 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference 6 2 4 5 0 1 Paper Reference(s) 6245/01 Edexcel GCE Chemistry Advanced Unit Test 5 (including synoptic assessment) Thursday 11 June 2009 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30
More informationVILAS Y. SONAWANE, SUBASH D. LAKDE and J.S. PATIL
Oriental Journal of Chemistry Vol. 26(3), 995-1000 (2010) Development of green and of polymer-supported chromic acid on strong anion exchange resin for oxidation of secondary alcohol - A kinetic and mechanistic
More informationPoly(methyl methacrylate) supported Cr(VI) reagents: Preparation and applications
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 108, No. 5, October 1996, pp. 437-443. Printed in India. Poly(methyl methacrylate) supported Cr(VI) reagents: Preparation and applications 1. Introduction SHINEY
More informationTopic: Chemical Kinetics SO HCI 2 + 2I
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY by: SHAILENDRA KR. Classes at: - Meq. Approach SCIENCE TUTORIALS; Opp. Khuda Baksh Library, Ashok Rajpath, Patna PIN POINT STUDY CIRCLE; House No. 5A/65, Opp. Mahual Kothi, Alpana Market,
More information