Self-assembly of rigid polyelectrolytes as a mechanism for proton transport membrane formation
|
|
|
- Wesley McBride
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Self-assembly of rigid polyelectrolytes as a mechanism for proton transport membrane formation Eduardo Mendes (SM) Faculty of Applied Sciences (TW) Delft University of Technology(The etherlands) e.mendes@tnw.tudelft.nl
2 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)
3 Polymer Electrolyte Membranes The role of the polymer electrolyte is three-fold: It separates the two electrodes and acts as an electronic insulator It keeps the gases (hydrogen and oxygen) from mixing It allows protons to be transported from the anode to the cathode
4 Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Chemical and thermal stability Mechanical strength Molecular structure that promotes ion conduction
5 Designing Polymers The self-organisation of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) can provide a way to tailor the molecular architecture and thus properties of a membrane... ematic Smectic A Smectic C
6 H H O O poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) Kevlar or Twaron TU Delft Delft University of Technology
7 PPTA fibres processed in concentrated H 2 SO 4! - ematic phase in H 2 SO 4 (8 to 20 wt/wt%) - spontaneous alignment in H 2 SO 4 translates into fibre (material) properties T U Delft Delft University of Technology
8 Motivation : Provide water solubility keeping Liquid Crystallinity Method: Introduction of electrostatic interactions T U Delft Delft University of Technology
9 Strategy (and talk structure) 1. Solution LC Properties 2. Thin Films LC Properties 3. Proton conductivity T U Delft Delft University of Technology
10 SO 3 H H H O O H H O O PPTA Sulfo - PPTA SO 3 H S O 3 H SO 3 H H H O O H H O O Sulfo Invert - PPTA Sulfo 2 - PPTA TU Delft Delft University of Technology
11 Sulfo - PPTA SO 3 H H H O O Sample preparation: temperature - Mw ~ g.mol -1 (dp ~ 1.5) - 1wt/wt% in deuterated water - boiled at 100ºC in sealed tube for 15 minutes - sonication bath at 60ºC for 2 hours A Small-Angle eutron Scattering Investigation of Rigid Polyelectrolytes under Shear., E. Mendes, S.Viale, O. Santin, M. Heinrich, S.J. Picken J. Appl. Cryst. 36, (2003) weak nematic gel formed at very low concentrations TU Delft Delft University of Technology
12 Sulfo Invert PPTA SO 3 H H H O O Temperature ( C) Biphasic I Isotropic ematic wt% of polymer A Supramolecular ematic Phase in Sulphonated Polyaramides S. Viale, A S. Best, E. Mendes, W F. Jager, S. J. Picken Chemical Communications, (14) (2004) - M W ~ g.mol -1 (dp ~ 2) - 0.3wt% of lithium as counterions o Gel! TU Delft Delft University of Technology
13 SO H 3 H H O O Inspection of critical concentration [Φ* = 4d/L] ~ 1% with SAS peak position at Φ* Sulfo - PPTA (ematic Gel) Weakly connected needle-like supramolecular aggregates SO 3 H _ + + _ + _ _ H H O O Sulfo Invert - PPTA- (LC Solutions) Flowing supramolecular aggregates needle-like supramolecular aggregates L/d ~ (8700Å / 22 Å) 5-7 molecules per cross section Water-Soluble Rigid-Rod Polymers: Triggering Liquid Crystallinity via Electrostatics - E. Mendes, S. Viale, S. j. Picken Macro2004 e-polymers, L3130 (2004) TU Delft Delft University of Technology
14 Mechanism of gel formation: Sulfo-PPTA vs. Sulfo Invert PPTA O S O O H FTIR H O O H-bond in Sulfo PPTA Gel formation no H-bond in Sulfo Invert PPTA = o Gel
15 Mechanism of weak gel formation: Sulfo-PPTA vs. Sulfo Invert PPTA o H-bonds o gel x SO 3 H H H O O π π interaction Aggregates (needles) still formed in both systems
16 Sulfo 2 PPTA SO 3 H SO 3 H H H O O Temperature ( º C ) isotropic wt% of polymer nematic Formation of aqueous molecular nematic liquid crystal phase in poly (p-sulfophenylene-sulfoterephthalamide) - S. Viale, A. S. Best, E. Mendes, S. J. Picken, Chemical Communications, 1528 (2005) Molecular Polyelectrolyte LC - M W ~ g.mol -1 (dp ~ 2) - 0.3wt% of lithium as counterions TU Delft Delft University of Technology
17 1. Structure & Dynamics of gels and solutions Different interactions Different structures Different time-scales (details not shown today) Water Soluble Rigid Rod Polymers: a SAS Study of Shear-Induced Alignment and Relaxation, S.Viale, O. Santin, E. Mendes, S. J. Picken Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 411, (2004)
18 Casting 2. Thin Films from S-PPTA and S-Inv-PPTA
19 Film Structure side view Spontaneous Formation of Hierarchical Proton Conductive Structures in Sulfonated PPTA Copolymer Films, C. Sisbandini, H. A. Every, S. Viale, E. Mendes and S. J. Picken Journal of Polymer Science B: Polymer Physics 45, (2007)
20 Wide Angle X-ray Scattering S-PPTA S-invert-PPTA PPTA fibre Film position in X-ray beam Multiple scattering peaks observed in-plane of the film Similar to PPTA fibre Information about the polymer alignment Ordered Structures in Proton Conducting Membranes from Supramolecular Liquid Crystal, H. A. Every, E. Mendes and S. J. Picken J. Phys. Chem. B, 110 (47), (2006)
21 Observations Similar peak positions observed for the sulfonated PPTA polymers Orientation of these peaks are rotated for S-invert-PPTA compared to S-PPTA Aggregate alignment Planar for S-invert-PPTA Homeotropic (perpendicular to film surface) for S-PPTA surprise!
22 Homeotropic vs Planar Alignment H + H + H + Polymer molecules within aggregates H + H + aggregate alignment S-PPTA (gel) teflon surface S-Inv-PPTA (sol) Physical Properties of Oriented Thin-Films Formed by the Electrostatic Complexation of Sulfonated Polyaramid, H. A. Every, L. V. van der Ham, S. J. Picken and E. Mendes, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112 (51), (2008)
23 Since S-PPTA and S-invert-PPTA are chemically identical Aggregate dimensions are similar for the same concentration Why are the orientation in film different?
24 The Drying Process? Aggregateaggregate interactions Aggregatesubstrate interactions Upward flow of solvent Spontaneous Hometropic Alignment in Films of Rigid-Flexible Polyelectrolyte Complexes H. A. Every, L. V. van der Ham, S. J. Picken and E. Mendes Soft Matter, 5, (2009)
25 Gel versus Free-flowing Solution S-PPTA is a weak gel S-invert-PPTA is easierflowing solution Drying process Rotation times Aggregate rotation time for S-PPTA >> S-invert-PPTA Balance between these factors affects final molecular orientation A direct observation by XRD of reorientation in a supramolecular liquid crystal polymer induced by magnetic field, S. Viale, E. Mendes, S. J. Picken, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 437, (2005)
26 how morphology determines 3. Conductivity of S-PPTA and S-Inv-PPTA films? Performance Analysis of Sulfonated PPTA Polymers as Potential Fuel Cell Membranes, H. A. Every, G. J. M. Janssen, E. F.Sitters, E. Mendes and S. J. Picken, Journal of Power Sources 162 (1), (2006)
27 Water uptake Water uptake (given as the ratio of water molecules per sulfonic acid group) as a function of water activity (relative humidity) for S-PPTA and S- invert-ppta afion data from Rieke and Vanderborgh, J. Memb. Sci., 1987 Ordered Structures in Proton Conducting Membranes from Supramolecular Liquid Crystal, H. A. Every, E. Mendes and S. J. Picken J. Phys. Chem. B, 110 (47), (2006)
28 Conductivity Conductivity/Scm S-PPTA S-PPTA sw S-invert-PPTA S-invert-PPTA sw afion Lines as guides only 100%RH initial value after polymer is swollen (sw) values for inplane conductivity afion data from Rieke and Vanderborgh, J. Memb. Sci., K/T Ordered Structures in Proton Conducting Membranes from Supramolecular Liquid Crystal, H. A. Every, E. Mendes and S. J. Picken J. Phys. Chem. B, 110 (47), (2006)
29 Conductivity larger conductivity in plane due to membrane structure? S-Inv-PPTA aligned in plane! ormalized conductivity with respect to the number of charge carriers per unit volume. Data for the sulfonated PPTA polymers in non-swollen state.
30 Conclusions Weak interaction between needle aggregates (gel) + different interactions during drying = homeotropic alignment Further understanding of interactions leads to control of Homeotropic alignment (various mechanisms and polymers possible here, waiting to be explored ) In-plane conductivity consistent with chain orientation Conductivity through the film still to be investigated
31 Acknowledgements S. Viale PhD (Delft) H. Every Post-Doc (Delft) C. Sisbandini MSc (Delft) Leen van der Ham BSc (Delft) (Shell ational Prize) Gaby J.M. Janssen Eric F. Sitters EC (Petten) S.J.Picken Head SM (Delft) W. Jager SM, (Delft) A. Best Post-Doc (Delft) F. Boué SAS Group, LLB, Saclay (France) L. oirez A. Lapp M. Heinrich Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) O. Santin University of Maringá (Brazil) Dutch Polymer Institute for funding S.V. and H.E.
32
33 Conductivity measurements: In-plane proton conductivities were measured with a ovacontrol Alpha Analyzer dielectric response analyzer. A standard windowpane system with indium electrodes was employed, allowing the samples to be exposed to an atmosphere of 100% relative humidity (vapor equilibrated). The measurements were performed over a temperature range of C and a frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.1 Hz.
34 ion exchange capacity (IEC) which is defined as the number of ionic sites for a given molecular weight and is reported in milli-equivalents per gram. values obtained by titration of aggregate solutions
35 maximum usually attributed to evaporation of water above 50C, decreasing conductivity
Liquid Crystal. Liquid Crystal. Liquid Crystal Polymers. Liquid Crystal. Orientation of molecules in the mesophase
Liquid Crystal - Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that have properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal. (Fourth state of matter) Liquid Crystal Orientation
ECE185 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
ECE185 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS Objective: To study characteristics of liquid crystal modulators and to construct a simple liquid crystal modulator in lab and measure its characteristics. References: B.
Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 12. Chem 4631
Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 12 Chem 4631 What is a fuel cell? An electro-chemical energy conversion device A factory that takes fuel as input and produces electricity as output. O 2 (g) H 2 (g)
Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Learning goals and key skills: Identify the intermolecular attractive interactions (dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole) that exist between
Ionic-Self Assembly (ISA) as a route towards (highly ordered,liquid crystalline) nanomaterials with new architecture
Ionic-Self Assembly (ISA) as a route towards (highly ordered,liquid crystalline) nanomaterials with new architecture Markus Antonietti Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm,
Self-Assembly. Self-Assembly of Colloids.
Self-Assembly Lecture 5-6 Self-Assembly of Colloids. Liquid crystallinity Colloidal Stability and Phases The range of forces attractive and repelling forces exists between the colloidal particles van der
Performance Investigation on Electrochemical Compressor with Ammonia
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2016 Performance Investigation on Electrochemical Compressor with Ammonia Ye Tao University
THE FULLY PLASTIC ACTUATORS BASED ON CNT/PVDF-CTFE COMPOSITES WITH CORRUGATED SURFACES
THE FULLY PLASTIC ACTUATORS BASED ON CNT/PVDF-CTFE COMPOSITES WITH CORRUGATED SURFACES Jun-Hong Lin Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung,
CHM 6365 Chimie supramoléculaire Partie 8
CHM 6365 Chimie supramoléculaire Partie 8 Liquid crystals: Fourth state of matter Discovered in 1888 by Reinitzer, who observed two melting points for a series of cholesterol derivatives Subsequent studies
DISCLAIMER. Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.
; i i : L4 0 t DSCLAMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. mages are produced from the best available original document. EVALUATON OF THE HUMDFCATON REQTJREMENTS OF
Valence Electrons, Bonds and Chemical Reactions 05 October 2006
Valence Electrons, Bonds and Chemical Reactions 05 October 2006 Principles of Valence Electrons and Bonds Ionic Bonds Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds Intermolecular Forces Common Chemical Reactions Atoms
Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 1
AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are Describe what elements and compounds are State that elements
CARBON NANOTUBE-POLYMER COMPOSITES: AN OVERVIEW Brian Grady University of Oklahoma
CARBON NANOTUBE-POLYMER COMPOSITES: AN OVERVIEW Brian Grady University of Oklahoma Abstract Carbon nanotubes are in many ways similar to polymers. Both molecules have contour lengths typically on the order
IMFA s. intermolecular forces of attraction Chez Chem, LLC All rights reserved.
IMFA s intermolecular forces of attraction 2014 Chez Chem, LLC All rights reserved. **London Dispersion Forces Also know as Van der Waals forces A momentary non symmetrical electron distribution that can
Studies on PVA based nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membrane for Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Studies on based nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membrane for Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications To cite this article: P Bahavan
Ask the Professor. Michael Patrick, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin - Madison. Mary Gruhl, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Ask the Professor If you have questions about water or other molecules, be sure to contact us through our Ask the Professor link on the Water Resource pages of the 3D Molecular Designs website 3dmoleculardesigns.com.
Proton channels FUEL CELLS
Page 1 FUEL CELLS Proton channels The structure of Nafion, the polymer electrolyte membrane used in some fuel cells, has been extensively debated over recent decades. Now, a newly proposed model reveals
A B. What s a Liquid Crystal? G = H - TS K = [B]/[A] K = e - G/RT
![A B. What s a Liquid Crystal? G = H - TS K = [B]/[A] K = e - G/RT](/thumbs/81/83858011.jpg "A B. What s a Liquid Crystal? G = H - TS K = [B]/[A] K = e - G/RT")
What s a Liquid Crystal? Phases (supramolecular equilibrium configurations) and molecules (equilibrium conformations) are basically the same thing. Phases are superamolecules; a large collection of atoms
Anirban Som
Anirban Som 01-11-14 Introduction Supramolecular chemistry generates complex structures over a range of length scales. Structures such as DNA origami, supramolecular polymers etc. are formed via multiple
Preparation of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals and Optical Characterisation Hiromasa Goto
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy Submitted: 2016-01-12 ISSN: 2299-3843, Vol. 64, pp 171-177 Revised: 2016-02-15 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.64.171 Accepted: 2016-02-15
Energetics of entangled nematic colloids
Energetics of entangled nematic colloids M. Ravnik, U. Tkalec, S. Copar, S. Zumer, I. Musevic Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Josef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana,
4. In this electrochemical cell, the reduction half reaction is
Exam 3 CHEM 1100 Version #1 Student: 1. A monomer is a polymer made from only one component. a single polymer chain. a polymer molecule that only contains a single element. a small molecule used to make
Lecture 8. Polymers and Gels
Lecture 8 Polymers and Gels Variety of polymeric materials Polymer molecule made by repeating of covalently joint units. Many of physical properties of polymers have universal characteristic related to
Supporting information for
Supporting information for High-performance and moisture-stable cellulosestarch nanocomposites based on bioinspired coreshell nanofibers Kasinee Prakobna, 1, 2 Sylvain Galland, 1, 2 and Lars A. Berglund
*blood and bones contain colloids. *milk is a good example of a colloidal dispersion.
Chap. 3. Colloids 3.1. Introduction - Simple definition of a colloid: a macroscopically heterogeneous system where one component has dimensions in between molecules and macroscopic particles like sand
Nafion/Analcime and Nafion/Faujasite Composite Membranes for High Temperature Operation of PEMFC
Nafion/ and Nafion/ Composite Membranes for High Temperature Operation of PEMFC Paisan Kongkachuichay and Siraprapa Pimprom Abstract The Nafion/zeolite composite membranes were synthesized for polymer
Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 34. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 34 From molecular to elemental analysis there are three major techniques used for elemental analysis: Optical spectrometry Mass spectrometry X-ray spectrometry
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information Supplementary Figure 1. Photographs show the titration experiments by dropwise adding ~5 times number of moles of (a) LiOH and LiOH+H 2 O, (b) H 2 O 2 and H 2 O 2 +LiOH, (c) Li
Option C: Chemistry in industry and technology
Option C: Chemistry in industry and technology As one of the most important roles of chemistry is to make forms of matter that have never existed before, it plays a central role in any material revolution.
Magnetic properties of organic radical fibers aligned in liquid crystals
Magnetic properties of organic radical fibers aligned in liquid crystals Yoshikazu Umeta, Hiroki Eimura Department of Chemistry, School of Science, the University of Tokyo Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Physical Properties and Structure of Solids
49 Physical Properties and Structure of Solids INTRODUCTION: Depending on whether the kind of bonding in a pure substance is primarily ionic, covalent or metallic in character, a substance may be described
Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1
AQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 Topics T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are Describe what elements and compounds are State
Alignment of Liquid Crystal Director Fields Using Monolayers. Angel Martinez, Cal Poly Pomona, REU Dr. Ivan I. Smalyukh
Alignment of Liquid Crystal Director Fields Using Monolayers Angel Martinez, Cal Poly Pomona, REU Dr. Ivan I. Smalyukh 5CB Liquid Crystals (LCs) CN Flow like liquids; Anisotropic like solid crystals; Crystal
Water and Aqueous Systems
Water and Aqueous Systems Chemistry CP http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/ propertiesofwater/water.html The Water Molecule Bent Two lone electron pairs Polar molecule Considered to
Julien Schmitt, postdoc in the Physical Chemistry department. Internship 2010: Study of the SAXS scattering pattern of mesoporous materials
Before starting Julien Schmitt, postdoc in the Physical Chemistry department Internship 2010: Study of the SAXS scattering pattern of mesoporous materials PhD 2011-2014: Self-assembly mechanism of mesoporous
Chapter - 8. Summary and Conclusion
Chapter - 8 Summary and Conclusion The present research explains the synthesis process of two transition metal oxide semiconductors SnO 2 and V 2 O 5 thin films with different morphologies and studies
ECE 5320 Lecture #6 and 7
Lecture #6 and 7 Homework notes: The homework will be posted on the web as a pdf/word file: Homework1-2016spring Your work has to be typed, and I assume that you have sufficient proficiency using MS work
Benefits of rotatable spacer to an alkaline anion exchange membrane for fuel cell application
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Energy & Environmental Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 208 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) Benefits of rotatable spacer to
Name: Regents Chemistry Review Packet B1
Name: Regents Chemistry Review Packet B1 1. Compared to an electron, which particle has a charge that is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign? an alpha particle a beta particle a neutron a proton 2.
Chapter 12. Properties of Solutions
Chapter 12. Properties of Solutions What we will learn: Types of solutions Solution process Interactions in solution Types of concentration Concentration units Solubility and temperature Solubility and
Polyoxometalate Coupled Graphene Oxide-Nafion Composite. Membrane for Fuel Cell Operating at Low Relative Humidity
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) Polyoxometalate Coupled Graphene
NOVEL MIDDLE TEMPERATURE PEM FUEL CELL MEMBRANES - POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE CONTAINING IMMOBILIZED PHOSPHONIC OR SULFONIC ACID GROUPS
OVEL MIDDLE TEMPERATURE PEM FUEL CELL MEMBRAES - POLYBEZIMIDAZOLE COTAIIG IMMOBILIZED PHOSPHOIC OR SULFOIC ACID GROUPS V. Sinigersky 1, H. Penchev 1, F. Ublekov 1, M. Staneva 1, D. Budurova 1, I.Radev
Properties of Solutions
Properties of Solutions The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities: The kinetic energy of the particles The strength
Electro-conductive properties of cadmium octanoate composites with CdS nanoparticles
PACS 81.07.-b, 81.16.-c Electro-conductive properties of cadmium octanoate composites with CdS nanoparticles D.S. Zhulay 1, D.V. Fedorenko 1, A.V. Koval chuk 2, S.A. Bugaychuk 1, G.V. Klimusheva 1, T.A.
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
1. Define the following terms: a) valence electrons Ionic and Covalent Bonding the electrons in the highest occupied energy level always electrons in the s and p orbitals maximum of 8 valence electrons
1. Balance the following chemical equations: a. C 8 H 18 + O 2 à CO 2 + H 2 O. b. B 5 H 9 + O 2 à B 2 O 3 + H 2 O. c. S 8 + Cl 2 à S 2 Cl 2
EXAM 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS NOTE- THIS IS ONLY A SELECTION OF POSSIBLE TYPES OF QUESTIONS: REFER TO THE EXAM 2 REVIEW GUIDELINES FOR THE LIST OF LEARNING TARGETS. There will likely be other questions on
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information Microactuators from a main-chain liquid crystalline elastomer via thiol-ene click chemistry Eva-Kristina Fleischmann, F. Romina Forst, Katrin Köder, Rudolf Zentel* Institute of
Chemistry I 2nd Semester Exam Study Guide
Chemistry I 2nd Semester Exam Study Guide Study the following topics and be able to apply these concepts to answer related questions to best prepare for the Chemistry exam. You should be able to: 1. Identify
Electrolytes for Fuel Cells
Electrolytes for Fuel Cells Tom Zawodzinski Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Air-Breather Fuel Cell Stack Systems Laptop Demo DCH/Enable Prototype Small Battery
i i ne. (1) i The potential difference, which is always defined to be the potential of the electrode minus the potential of the electrolyte, is ln( a
We re going to calculate the open circuit voltage of two types of electrochemical system: polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and lead-acid batteries. To do this, we re going to make use of two
Switching properties in Siloxane-based Liquid-crystal Elastomer
Switching properties in Siloxane-based Liquid-crystal Elastomer Khalid AL-Ammar Physics department, college of education, University of Babylon. Abstract Mechanical and X-ray scattering measurements on
Modeling the Behaviour of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane within a Fuel Cell Using COMSOL
Modeling the Behaviour of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane within a Fuel Cell Using COMSOL S. Beharry 1 1 University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago Abstract: In recent years, scientists
Polymer electrolytes from plasticized polymobs and their gel forms
Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 2029/2035 www.elsevier.com/locate/electacta Polymer electrolytes from plasticized polymobs and their gel forms Wu Xu, C. Austen Angell * Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
High-Performance Blend Membranes Composed of An Amphoteric Copolymer Containing Supramolecular Nanosieves for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Electonic Supplementary Information (ESI) for Chemical Communications High-Performance Blend Membranes Composed of An Amphoteric Copolymer Containing Supramolecular Nanosieves for Direct Methanol Fuel
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information Self-assembly of Metal-Polymer Analogues of Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers 1 Zhihong Nie, 1 Daniele Fava, 1, 2, 3 Eugenia Kumacheva 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto,
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature17653 Supplementary Methods Electronic transport mechanism in H-SNO In pristine RNO, pronounced electron-phonon interaction results in polaron formation that dominates the electronic
1. Increasing the pressure above a liquid will cause the boiling point of the liquid to:
JASPERSE CHEM 210 PRACTICE TEST 1 VERSION 2 Ch. 11 Liquids, Solids, and Materials Ch. 10 Gases Ch. 15 The Chemistry of Solutes and Solutions Ch. 13 Chemical Kinetics 1 Constants and/or Formulas Formulas
Chemistry of Life: Water and Solutions
Chemistry of Life: Water and Solutions Unit Objective I can describe the role of organic and inorganic chemicals important to living things. During this unit, we will answer the following very important
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information Supplementary Figure S1: Structure and composition of Teflon tape. (a) XRD spectra of original Teflon tape and Teflon tape subjected to annealing at 150 o C under Ar atmosphere.
Supporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information Self-healing supramolecular heterometallic gels based on synergistic effect
Heat Capacity of Water A) heat capacity amount of heat required to change a substance s temperature by exactly 1 C
CHEMISTRY Ch. 13 Notes: Water and Its Solutions NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 13.1 Notes I. Water Molecule Characteristics POLAR molecule (a
Linearized Theory: Sound Waves
Linearized Theory: Sound Waves In the linearized limit, Λ iα becomes δ iα, and the distinction between the reference and target spaces effectively vanishes. K ij (q): Rigidity matrix Note c L = c T in
Transient Electro-Optic Properties of Liquid Crystal Gels
137 Appendix A Transient Electro-Optic Properties of Liquid Crystal Gels The dynamics of the electro-optic response has significance for the use of our gels in display devices and also reveals important
EXAM I COURSE TFY4310 MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS December Suggested resolution
page 1 of 7 EXAM I COURSE TFY4310 MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS December 2013 Suggested resolution Exercise 1. [total: 25 p] a) [t: 5 p] Describe the bonding [1.5 p] and the molecular orbitals [1.5 p] of the ethylene
Time Allowed: 1:45 hours
9 th LAHORE BOARD 2014 Group I 1) Explain double covalent bond with the help of an example. 2) How do atoms follow octet rule? 3) Explain polar covalent bond with an example. 4) Define pressure. Write
Improved Fuel Transport Selectivity in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Kyle Tyler Clark. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the
Improved Fuel Transport Selectivity in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes By Kyle Tyler Clark A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
HEMISTRY 110 EXAM 3 April 6, 2011 FORM A When the path is blocked, back up and see more of the way. 1. A 250 L vessel is evacuated and then connected to a 50.0 L bulb with compressed nitrogen. The pressure
3. Photons of which of the following colors of light possess the greatest amount of energy? A) blue B) green C) yellow D) red
1. Atoms that have eight valence electrons would tend to A) be very reactive. B) be inert. C) form positive ions. D) form negative ions. 3. Photons of which of the following colors of light possess the
Layer-by-Layer (LBL) Self-Assembly
Layer-by-Layer (LBL) Self-Assembly 1 Layer-by-Layer (LBL) Self-Assembly No! Layers! Onions have layers! Ogres have Layers! Onions have Layers. You get it? We both have layers. Sherk 2001 Oh, you both have
Chapter 11 Review Packet
Chapter 11 Review Packet Name Multiple Choice Portion: 1. Which of the following terms is not a quantitative description of a solution? a. molarity b. molality c. mole fraction d. supersaturation 2. Which
Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Membranes Containing Perfluorosulfonic Acid Group
Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Membranes Containing Perfluorosulfonic Acid Group Ying Chang and Chulsung Bae Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 Collaborators
Ch. 14/15 Prep-Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch. 14/15 Prep-Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The intermolecular forces between particles in a liquid can involve all of the following
ANALYSIS OF DIELECTRIC, MODULUS, ELECTRO CHEMICAL STABILITY OF PVP ABSA POLYMER ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 14(1), 216, 477-481 ISSN 972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com ANALYSIS OF DIELECTRIC, MODULUS, ELECTRO CHEMICAL STABILITY OF PVP ABSA POLYMER ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS R. S. DIANA SANGEETHA
Solutions for Assignment-6
Solutions for Assignment-6 Q1. What is the aim of thin film deposition? [1] (a) To maintain surface uniformity (b) To reduce the amount (or mass) of light absorbing materials (c) To decrease the weight
Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Ionic Liquid
Electronic Supplementary Information Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes Wen Lu, * Adam Goering, Liangti Qu, and Liming Dai * 1. Synthesis of
Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Liquids and States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction. Stronger forces bring molecules
raw materials C V Mn Mg S Al Ca Ti Cr Si G H Nb Na Zn Ni K Co A B C D E F
Today s advanced batteries require a range of specialized analytical tools to better understand the electrochemical processes that occur during battery cycling. Evans Analytical Group (EAG) offers a wide-range
Characterization of cellulose with NMR
Characterization of cellulose with NMR Lars Nordstierna & Åsa Östlund Applied Surface Chemistry NMR SPECTROSCOPY EXPERIMENTAL NMR Direct information chemical analysis quantitative analysis NMR SPECTROSCOPY
Chemistry Review Unit 5 Physical Behavior of Matter
Chemistry Review Phases of Matter, Changes of Phase, Substances, Mixtures, Solutions, Effect of Solute on Solution, Energy, Kinetics of Solids, Liquids and Gases Matter, Phases and Gas Laws 1. Matter is
Supporting Information for Polybenzimidazolium Salts: A New Class of. Anion-Conducting Polymer
Supporting Information for Polybenzimidazolium Salts: A ew Class of Anion-Conducting Polymer Owen D. Thomas, Kristen J. W. Y. Soo, Timothy J. Peckham, Mahesh P. Kulkarni and Steven Holdcroft* Department
Cross Section of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
PEMFC Electrodes 1 Cross Section of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Anode Cathode 2 Typical PEMFC Electrodes: - Anode Hydrogen Oxidation - Pt Ru / C - Cathode Oxygen reduction - Pt / C Pt is alloyed
Contents. Foreword by Darrell H. Reneker
Table of Foreword by Darrell H. Reneker Preface page xi xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 How big is a nanometer? 1 1.2 What is nanotechnology? 1 1.3 Historical development of nanotechnology 2 1.4 Classification
11/4/2017. General Chemistry CHEM 101 (3+1+0) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy. Chapter 4 Physical Properties of Solutions
General Chemistry CHEM 11 (3+1+) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy Chapter 4 Physical Properties of Solutions 1 Types of Solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances.
Water, water everywhere,; not a drop to drink. Consumption resulting from how environment inhabited Deforestation disrupts water cycle
Chapter 3 Water: The Matrix of Life Overview n n n Water, water everywhere,; not a drop to drink Only 3% of world s water is fresh How has this happened Consumption resulting from how environment inhabited
Orientational behavior of liquid-crystalline polymers with amide groups
Advances in Materials 2014; 3(6): 89-93 Published online January 06, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/am) doi: 10.11648/j.am.20140306.14 ISSN: 2327-2503 (Print); ISSN: 2327-252X (Online) Orientational
Electronic Supporting Information (ESI)
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Electronic Supporting Information (ESI)
4. Which of the following compounds is polar? A. CCl 4 B. BF 3 C. H 2 CCH 2 D. CO 2 E. NH 3 *
Exam2 Name Part A Follow the directions and select the BEST answer for each section. Mark your answers on the scantron answer sheet carefully. Make sure your scantron answer sheet is filled out properly-
Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Gases are highly compressible and assume the shape and volume of their container. Gas molecules are
Ellipsoidal Hybrid Magnetic Microgel Particles with Thermally Tunable Aspect Ratios
12. July 2011 Ellipsoidal Hybrid Magnetic Microgel Particles with Thermally Tunable Aspect Ratios Hervé Dietsch, Particles 2011 Conference 9-12 July 2011 Adolphe Merkle Institute Université de Fribourg
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES, OSMOMETRY AND THE PRINCIPLES OF RADIOACTIVITY
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES, OSMOMETRY AND THE PRINCIPLES OF RADIOACTIVITY ELECTROCHEMISTY ELECTROCHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT RESULT IN THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS (CURRENT) OR THE DEVELOPMENT
Name AP Chemistry / / Chapter 5 Collected AP Exam Free Response Questions Answers
Name AP Chemistry / / Chapter 5 Collected AP Exam Free Response Questions 1980 2010 - Answers 1982 - #5 (a) From the standpoint of the kinetic-molecular theory, discuss briefly the properties of gas molecules
Plastic Electronics. Joaquim Puigdollers.
Plastic Electronics Joaquim Puigdollers Joaquim.puigdollers@upc.edu Nobel Prize Chemistry 2000 Origins Technological Interest First products.. MONOCROMATIC PHILIPS Today Future Technological interest Low
Lecture 24. Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Lecture 4 Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory Today s Topics: Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory of Gases Phase equilibria and phase diagrams Ideal Gas Law An ideal gas is an idealized model for real gases that
Volume Transition of Nematic Gels
Volume Transition of ematic els K. Urayama, Y. Okuno* and. Kohjiya* Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, ishikyo-ku, Kyoto 15-8510 *nstitute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji,
16 years ago TODAY (9/11) at 8:46, the first tower was hit at 9:03, the second tower was hit. Lecture 2 (9/11/17)
16 years ago TODAY (9/11) at 8:46, the first tower was hit at 9:03, the second tower was hit By Anthony Quintano - https://www.flickr.com/photos/quintanomedia/15071865580, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38538291
Fast-Response Infrared Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Phase Modulators
Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 453, pp. 343 354, 2006 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1542-1406 print=1563-5287 online DOI: 10.1080/15421400600653886 Fast-Response Infrared Ferroelectric Liquid
Nanostructured bacterial cellulose poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) composite membranes
Nanostructured bacterial cellulose poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) composite membranes with high storage modulus and protonic conductivity Tiago D. O. Gadim, a Andrea G. P. R. Figueiredo, b Nataly C. Rosero-Navarro,
Material Chemistry KJM 3100/4100. Synthetic Polymers (e.g., Polystyrene, Poly(vinyl chloride), Poly(ethylene oxide))
Material Chemistry KJM 3100/4100 Lecture 1. Soft Materials: Synthetic Polymers (e.g., Polystyrene, Poly(vinyl chloride), Poly(ethylene oxide)) Biopolymers (e.g., Cellulose derivatives, Polysaccharides,
Alain Dufresne. Nanocellulose. From Nature to High Performance Tailored Materials OE GRUYTER
Alain Dufresne Nanocellulose From Nature to High Performance Tailored Materials OE GRUYTER Contents Preface - vii 1 Cellulose and potential reinforcement-1 1.1 Polysaccharides-1 1.2 Chemical structure
Encapsulation. Loughborough University Institutional Repository
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Encapsulation This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by the/an author. Citation: VLADISAVLJEVIC, G.T. and HOLDICH,