5.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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1 5.3 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
2 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The chemistry of CARBON containing compounds The majority of organic compounds include CARBON CARBON chains Most of the time HYDROGEN is present in organic molecules Also, OXYGEN, NITROGEN and HALOGENS (FLUORINE, CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE)
3 Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT?
4 Proteins, WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT?
5 WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats,
6 WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics,
7 WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics, drugs,
8 WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics, drugs, petroleum, benzene,
9 teflon WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT?
10 WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics, drugs, petroleum, benzene, teflon, hormones.
11 SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE BONDS FOR CARBON HOW MANY BONDS CAN A CARBON ATOM HAVE?
12 SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE BONDS FOR CARBON A CARBON atom has always 4 bonds But depending on a compound, they can be SINGLE,
13 SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE BONDS FOR CARBON A CARBON atom has always 4 bonds But depending on a compound, they can be SINGLE, DOUBLE
14 SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE BONDS FOR CARBON A CARBON atom has always 4 bonds But depending on a compound, they can be SINGLE, DOUBLE or TRIPLE
15 Think About It: Page A Sketching Organic Compounds 15
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18 Recognizing Organic Compounds Organic Compounds: The molecular formula MUST contain CARBON 18
19 Recognizing Organic Compounds Organic Compounds: The molecular formula MUST contain carbon 19
20 Recognizing Organic Compounds Organic Compounds: The molecular formula MUST contain carbon 20
21 Recognizing Organic Compounds Organic Compounds: The molecular formula MUST contain carbon 21
22 Recognizing Organic Compounds Organic Compounds: The molecular formula MUST contain carbon 22
23 Recognizing Organic Compounds Organic Compounds: The molecular formula MUST contain carbon 23
24 Recognizing Organic Compounds Organic Compounds: The molecular formula MUST contain carbon 24
25 Recognizing Inorganic Compounds Inorganic Compounds: The molecular formula CAN contain CARBON but it is in a form of CARBONATES, CARBIDES, and OXIDES No carbon at all 25
26 Page WORKBOOK Leave a question blank if we haven t talked about it yet.. 26
27 HYDROCARBONS Contain ONLY CARBONS and HYDROGENS 27
28 STRUCTURAL SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL MOLECULAR
29 STRUCTURAL SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL
30 STRUCTURAL SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL MOLECULAR
31 STRUCTURAL SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL MOLECULAR
32 STRUCTURAL SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL MOLECULAR
33 STRUCTURAL SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL
34 You just have to know the first ten HYDROCARBONS The naming is based on the number of carbons NUMBER OF CARBONS NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED = SHORTHAND
35 NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1
36 NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane
37 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane CH 4
38 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane CH 4 CH 4
39 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane CH 4 CH 4 2
40 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane CH 4 CH 4 2 ethane
41 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6
42 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3
43 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 3
44 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 3 propane
45 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8
46 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3
47 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 4
48 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 4 butane
49 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane 4 butane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 C 4 H 10
50 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane 4 butane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
51 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane 4 butane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 5
52 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane 4 butane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 5 pentane
53 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane 4 butane 5 pentane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 5 H 12
54 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane 4 butane 5 pentane CH 4 CH 4 C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 5 H 12 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
55 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED
56 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane
57 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14
58 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
59 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7
60 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane
61 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane 7 heptane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 7 H 16
62 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
63 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8
64 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane
65 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane C 8 H 18
66 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
67 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 9
68 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 9 nonane
69 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane 9 nonane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 9 H 20
70 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane 9 nonane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 9 H 20 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
71 10 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane 9 nonane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 9 H 20 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
72 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane 9 nonane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 9 H 20 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 10 decane
73 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED NAMING (STRAIGHT OF HYDROCARBONS CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane 9 nonane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 9 H 20 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 10 decane C 10 H 22
74 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 6 hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 7 heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 8 octane 9 nonane 10 decane C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 9 H 20 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 C 10 H 22 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
75 READING CHECK 75
76 ALCOLHOLS Organic Compounds: That contain ONLY C, H, and O
77 ALCOLHOLS Organic Compounds: That contain ONLY C, H, and O 1 of the atoms of HYDROGEN is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom 77
78 78
79 The naming is the same as for hydrocarbons Replace -e with -ol NUMBER OF CARBONS NAMING OF ALCOHOLS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED = SHORTHAND
80 NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT NAMING OF CHAIN) ALCOHOLS ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR CONDENSED 1 methanol CH 4 O CH 3 OH 2 ethanol C 2 H 6 O CH 3 CH 2 OH 3 propanol C 3 H 8 O CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH 4 butanol C 4 H 10 O CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH 5 pentanol C 5 H 12 O CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH
81 Atoms vs. Molecules MATTER is composed of ATOMS and MOLECULES ATOMS obuilding blocks of molecules olike letters of the alphabet MOLECULES obuilding blocks of matter olike words (made out of letters - atoms)
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83 It must include: TITLE Name of the compound Molecular Formula A picture of 3 D model of this molecule must be included (You MUST build it and take a picture of it) + chemical drawing (Lewis Diagram) Who discovered the compound (or where it came from) and when What is this compound used for Advantages/Disadvantages BONUS: An Interesting Fact(s) about the compound
84 Building a MOLECULE Caffeine
85 Building a MOLECULE Oxytocin
86 Building a MOLECULE Serotonin
87 Building a MOLECULE Dopamine Dopamine
88 Building a MOLECULE Benzene
89 Building a MOLECULE Vanillin
90 Building a MOLECULE
91 Building a MOLECULE Catnip
92 Building a MOLECULE Caffeine Oxytocin Serotonin Dopamine Benzene Vanillin Capsaicin catnip Penicillin Urea Teflon Dynamite (TNT) Vitamins Aspirin Menthol Tylenol Sucrose (table sugar) Aspartame MSG monosodium glutamate
93 What are atoms made of? An English school teacher who came up with his own theory based on Democritus ideas He studied gases that make up Earth s atmosphere. His theory is divided into 4 main ideas
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