Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Transcription

1 Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2 2 % %2969 %5469 %563 Agrobacterium tumefaciens %625 Biovar I Biovar II %875 Biovar III %6875 Intermediate

2 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Study of the Distribution of the Crown Gall Disease, Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Some Syrian Nurseries and Identifying the Biovars of the Pathogen Mahabah, G and M Abu Ghora 2 ABSTRACT Crown gall is one of the most important obstacles affecting many nurseries in Syria Field inspection indicated that crown gall disease occurs in various fruit tree nurseries in different Syrian governorates Al Qunetra, Hama, Homs and Daraa The disease incidence percentage ranged from 2 to 30% in Nabaa alfawwar, Trenja and Sayda nurseries Al Qunetra governorate and Tezeen nursery Hama governorate; however the disease was not found in Nahj nursery Daraa governorate nor in AlMokhtarea nursery Homs governorate One hundred and eighty bacterial isolates were obtained from infected fruit trees pear, peach, almond and plum The pathogenicity test on tomato seedlings and sunflower plants proved that only 64 isolates were pathogenic 2969% were pathogenic to tomato and sunflower; 563% to sunflower only and 563% infected tomato only The biochemical tests showed that 625% of the bacterial isolates belong to Biovar I and Biovar II, 875% were of Biovar III And 6875% belonged to an intermediate Biovar This is the first study that determind the Biovars of the pathogen and their pathogenicity in Syria Key words Crown gall, Biochemical tests, Biovar M Sc Student 2 Prof, Dept, Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, P O Box 3062, Damacus University, Syria 34

3 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Smith & Townsend Conn Deng et al, 998 Moore et al, 988 De Cleene and De Ley, Gelvin, 990 Moore et al, 988 Ficus benjamina Bouzar et al, 995 Burr and Otten, A tumefaciens A rhizogenes A rubi Rubussp A larrymoorei A vitis A radiobacter Biovars A tumefaciens Biovars III Biovars II Biovars I Nester et al, 984 A vitis 25 TDNA Ti Nester et al, 984 IAA 35

4 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gelvin, = Moore, Yeast, Pepton, Glocose, Agar YPGA la Arabitol, NH 4 NO 3, KH 2 PO 4,K 2 HPO 4, MgSO 4, Sodium taurcholate, crystal violet, agar Erythritol, NH 4 NO 3, KH 2 PO 4, K 2 HPO 4, C, Sodium taurcholate, yeast extract, malachite green, agar 36

5 Sodium tartrate, Dglutamic acid, Na 2 HPO 4, NaCl, MgSO 4, 7H 2 O, Sodium taurcholate, yeast extract, congo red, MnSO 4, 4H 2 O, agar peptone, calcium PYDAC Brisbane and Kerr, carbonate, yeast, agar 996 Lycopersicum Helianthus annus esculentum / 0 8 Tarbah and Goodman, 986 Suslow et al, Kovacs, Hugh and Leifson, 953 / NaCl %2 956 Propionic Melezitose Erythritol 3Ketolactose acidmalonic acidtartaric acid Moore et al,

6 Agrobacterium tumefaciens» «38 Moore et al, % NaCl Biovar I Biovar II Biovar III intermediate % % % %3 % %5 %5 %40 % % YPGA YPGA 2 2 2DG YPGA %4630 %482 %4286 %6

7 % F53, F57, F58, F622, F662, F66, F672, F603, F602, F653, F65 F52, F532, F59, F632, F60, F62, F6, F462, F542, F54 F64, F652 F25 F27, F222, F22, F233, F22 F23, F234, F26, F28 F373, F422, F352, F55, F56 F32, F342, F562 F34, F343, F35, F353, F37, F372, F38, F39, F402, F42, F323 F3, F4 F43, F3, F5, F46, F9, F0, F, F5, F92, F292 %667 %6469 %2969 %563 %8333 %50 %5 %5789 % %4349 %870 %40 %2632 %379 39

8 Agrobacterium tumefaciens» «320 2 %59 %439 %6 YPGA 4 %2 NaCl 3 F3 F3 F43 F46 F9 YPGA F0 F F4 F5 F5 YPGA F92 F23 F234 F25 YPGA F26 F27 F28 F292 F323 F343 F34 F35 F353 F352 F37 F372 F373 F38 F39 F402 F42 F422

9 %2 NaCl 3 F462 F52 F53 F532 F542 F54 F55 F56 F57 F58 F59 F60 F602 F6 F622 F632 F64 F65 F662 F66 F672 F652 F653 F603 F652 F22 F222 F22 F233 F32 F342 F Moore et al, 988

10 Agrobacterium tumefaciens %625 Fakhouri and Khlaif, 996 %875 Biovar II Biovar I BiovarIII %6875 %0 %5263 %60 %2632 %833 %6667 %667 Biovar II %30 %8696 %870 %435 %580 %526 Intemediate, Biovar III, Biovar II, Biovar I 5 % 6875 III F292, F0, F234, F28, F26 F353, F323, F43, F372, F562 F63, F65 %875 II I F4 F9 F25 F35, F39, F42 F37 F52 %625 %625 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Roberts and Boothroyd,

11 YPGA Brisbane and Kerr, 983 Agrobacterium tumefaciens %6 6 / % 667 / 2 % 0 / % 2632 / 5 % 4383 / / % 50 / 5 % 579 / 3 % 870 / 2 / % 8333 / 0 % 40 / 4 % 5789 / % 4249 / 0 % 4783 %870 %8333 %0 %579 %4349 %5789 Knauf et al, 982 Ti 7 Intermediate % 6667 / 8 % 60 / 6 % 5263 / 0 % 8696 / 20 % 6875 / 44 III % 667 / 2 % 30 / 3 % 2632 / 5 % 870 / 2 %875 / 2 II % 833 / % 580 / 3 % 625 / 4 I % 833 / % 0 / % 226 / % 435 / % 625 / 4 323

12 Agrobacterium tumefaciens 35 9 %563 %8 De Cleen and De ley, 976 intermediate group Biovar 8 0 %5469 %2969 Biovar III Biovar II I 8 % 50 / 2 25 / 833 / 3409 / 5 % 833 / 2045 / 9 % 50 / 2 75 / / / 20 I II III Intermediate %3 %5 %9 %5 %40 %23 % %5 %8 % 2 % 30 %

13 REFERENCES Al Karablieh, N and Khlaif, H 2002 Occurrence and distribution of crown gall disease in Jordan fruit trees PhytopathologiaMediterranea Bouzar, H; Chilton, W S; Neseme, X; Dessaux, Y; Vaudquin, V; Petit, A; Jones, J B and Hodge, N C 995 A new Agrobacterium strain isolated from aerial tumors on Ficus benjamina L Appl Envi Micro Brisbane, P G and Kerr, A 983 Selective media fod three biobars of Agrobacterium J of Applied Bacteriology Burr, T J and Otten, L 999 Crown gall of grape biology and disease management AnnuRevPhytopathology De Cleene, M and De Ley, J 976 The host range of crown gall Biotanical Review, Deng, W; Chen, L; Wood, D; Metcalfe, T; Liang, X; Gordon, M; Comai, L and Nester, E 998 Agrobacterium Vir D2 protein interacts with plant host cyclophilins Microbiology Fakhouri, W D and Khlaif, H 996 Biocontrol of crown gall disease in Jordan Agricultural Sciences Gelvin, S B 990 Crown gall disease and hairy root disease Plant Physiol Gelvin, S B 2000 Agrobacterium and plant genes involved in TDNA transfer and integration AnnulRev Plant Physiology Plant Mol Biol Hugh, R and Leifson, E 953 The taxonomic significance of fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various gramnegative bacteria J of Bacteriology Knauf, V C; Panagopoulos, C G; Nester, E W 982 Genetic factors controlling the host range of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Phytobathology Kovacs, N 956 Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidas reaction Nature Moore, L W, Kado, C I, Bouzar, H 988 Agrobacterium In Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria, 2 nd ed, ed Sachaad, N W, pp 6 36 Minneapolis APSPress Moore, L W 995 Detection of Agrobacterium species In Detection of bacteria in seed and other planting material, 2 nd ed, ed Saettler, A W, Schaad, N W, Roth, DA, pp 085 APS Press Oregon State University Corvalis, Oregon USA 325

14 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Nester, E W; Gordon, P M; Amasino, R and Yanofsky, M 984 Crown gall A Molecular and Physiological Analysis Ann Rev Plant Pathology Roberts, D A and Boothroyd, C W 975 Fundamental plant pathology W H Freeman and combanypp Suslow, T V; Schrot, H M and Isalca, M 982 Application of a rapid method for gram differentiation of plant pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria without staining Phytopathology Tarbah, F A and Goodman, R N 986 Rapid detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in grapevine propagation material and the basis for an efficient indexing system Plant disease Received 2006 /04/ 06 Accepted for Publ 2006 /05/