Review Article IJAAER (2016); 2(2):

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1 Review Article IJAAER (2016); 2(2): International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Research FREE AND OPEN ACCESS Available online at ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) ETHNO-MEDICINAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF VILLAGE HARICHAND, DISTRICT CHARSADDA KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN HUSSAN ARA BEGUM A, FAYAZ ASAD A AND TABASSUM YASEEN B* a Deportment of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan-23200, Pakistan b Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan. Corresponding author E mail: science111@yahoo.com Abstract Plants are used locally for many purposes especially in rural areas as medicines. In Village Harichand the people mostly use the plants as healing agents to cure their illnesses. As there are no information on ethnobotanical studies on the researched area therefore, the results of the present study would be useful in providing a base line information to forth coming researchers, as no work has been done in the research area. The data was recorded using open structured questionnaire. Interviews and discussion were made with local people and market survey of the local available plants was made. The results consist of 61 species belonging to 35 families in which 14 plants were used as astringent, 8 were laxative, 7 were diuretic and 6 plants each were used as ant diabetic, stomachic, and as expectorant. The local community was able to recognize the plant and their proper use. The people were very cooperative in sharing the knowledge of plant uses. Mostly the old peoples have the knowledge of plants to treat various diseases. The local community is well aware of the change in the local vegetation and this is because of low or no education of the collectors and overgrazing. There is a dire need to document the valuable knowledge of the medicinal plants in the research area. The area has rich medicinal plants flora and require proper management to reduce the deforestation threats. This study contributes to the current status of traditional medicinal knowledge in Village Harichand and District Charsadda. Key words: Medicinal Plants, Ethnomedicinal uses, Harichand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa INTRODUCTION A medicinal plant is any plant or part of plant i.e. roots, stem, leaf, bark, fruit and seeds which contain active medicinal constituents in their tissues that produces a definite physiological response in treatment of various diseases in human and animal (Sher & Shakespeare. 2000). Pakistan have rich ethnobotany and information have been reported from time to time from different parts of Pakistan (Ibrar, 2003; Shah, 2006; Qureshi, 2007; Ahmad & Hussain, 2008; Zaidi, 2009; Abbasi, 2010). Traditional herbal medicine and use of plants remain in practice in village Harichand District Charsadda still today due to its important role for better health. Significance of the study: Our aim in this study to prepare a detailed inventory of medicinal plants with the local uses and related information and to propose recommendations for the proper exploitation of medicinal plants in future. There is no information on ethno-botanical studies of the researched area therefore, the results of the present study would be useful in providing a base line information to forth coming researchers, as no work has been done in the research area. Please cite this article as: Bugum, H.A., F. Asad and T. Yaseen Ethno-medicinal study of medicinal plants of village Harichand, district Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Int. J. Agric. Environ. Res., 2(2):

2 METHODOLOGY Interviews and discussion methods were adopted to record the local information. Frequent visits were arranged in order to collect plants and information about the ethno-medicinal uses of plants from the local peoples in various sites of the research area (Vill. Harichand, District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Using open questionnaire information from local peoples and Hakims were collected. The plant specimens were identified through the available literature (Ali and Qaisar, ). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Parts wise percentage of plant use: In investigated area mostly the elder people have great knowledge of traditional use of medicinal plants, according to them, different plants parts can be used as a medicinal purpose. But leaves and whole plants are used in high percentage(leaves are 26.43%, Whole plant 24.13%, while Fruit 17.24%, Root 10.34%, Bark 8.04% and Other 13.43% while seed and stem 3.44% each, Gum 2.29%, fronds, petal, flower, and loil1.14% each part, however at also represented in Fig. 2, while family wise use we summarize in Fig 3.Theethno-medicinal data of 61 plant species belonging to 35 families showed (Table1-49) that although people prefers to the quick action of Synthetic chemicals, still they use the traditional method of natural drugs. Some of the drugs are used singly while some are used in combination with other plant parts or items such as wheat flour, sugar, ghee etc. Similarly certain medicinal plants are specified only for one disease where as several have multiple of therapeutic uses. It has been found that many plants collected in this study are present in other parts of the province and have been reported by other workers (Ahmad and Hussain, 2008; Abbasi et al, 2010; Ibrar et al., 2003; Matin et al., 2001; Qureshi & Khan, 2001; Qureshi et al., 2007; Shah et al., 2006; Shah, 2001; Shinwari and Khan, 2001; Sher & Shakespeare 2000;) So the same plant have multiple of uses which need to be explore properly. Most of the local people are dependent on these products for income generation. Due to lack of knowledge, unbalanced grazing and people collecting these plants with not a proper method which highly affect the important medicinal plants. So the most important thing is that to promote awareness among the local people and protect the medicinal plants. 163

3 Fig. 2 Family wise use of medicinal plants 3.2 Disease Wise Inventory of Plants Along with Their Local Name and Family Name: Table 1. Plants used as Diuretic 1 Acacia modesta Wall. Pahlosa Mimosaceae 2 Amarenthus viridus L. Ganhar Amarenthaceae 3 Cynodondactylon (L.) Pers. KhabalGhass Poaceae 4 Cannabis sativa L. Bhang Cannabaceae 5 Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae 6 Equisetum arvensse L. Bandakei Equisetaceae 7 Xanthium strumarium L Geshka Asteraceae Table 2.Plants Used As Carminative 1 Zizyphus mauritiana L. Bera Rhamnaceae 2 Zizyphus nummularia L. badaberi Rhamnaceae 3 Micromeria biflora Benth. Naraishamakai Lamiaceae 4 Mentha spicata L. Podina Lamiaceae 179

4 Continued table 2 5 Allium cepa L. Piaz Liliaceae 6 Chenopodium album L. Sarmae Chenopodiaceae 7 Mentha longifolia (L.)Huds. Enaley Lamiaceae Table 3. Plants used as Astringent 1 Psidium guajava L. Amrood Myrtaceae 2 Rosa damascene Miller. Gulab Rosaceae 3 Verbena officinale L Shamakai Verbenaceae 4 Cynodon dactylon (L.) KhabalGhass Poaceae 5 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sahwa Paplionaceae 6 Dodonaea viscose (L.)Jacq. Ghuraskay Sapindaceae 7 Albizia Lebbek Benth. BenthSiris Mimosaceae 8 Eucalyptus lanceolata L. Lachi Myrtinaceae 9 Juglans regia L. Ghoz Juglandaceae 10 Verbascum Thapsus L. Zangalitumako Scropholariaceae 11 Vitis venifera L. Angor Vitacea 12 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Kotilal Solanaceae 13 Xanthium strumarium L Geshka Asteraceae Table 4. Plants used as Antidiabetic 1 Mentha spicata L. Podina Lamiaceae 2 Morus alba L. Speen Toot Moraceae 3 Momordica charantia L. Kerela Cucurbitaceae 4 Melia azadrach L. Tora shandaibikiana Meliaceae Table 5. Plants used as Sedative 1 Zizyphus nummularia L. badaberi Rhamnaceae 2 Xanthium strumarium L Geshka Asteraceae Table 6. Plants Used As Antirheumatic 1 Acacia modesta Wall. Pahlosa Mimosaceae 2 Hibiscus esculentus L. Bendi Malvacea 3 Juglan sregia Linn. Ghoz Juglandaceae 4 Lactuca sativa L. Salad Asteraceae 5 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Akash Bail Cuscutaceae Table 7. Plants Used As Emolient 1 Acacia nilotica (L.)Delile. Kikar Mimosaceae 2 Allium cepa L. Piaz Liliaceae 3 Lactuca sativa L. Salad Asteraceae 180

5 Table 08. Plants Used As Blood Purifiers 1 Albizia Lebbek Benth. BenthSiris Mimosaceae 2 Amaranthus caudatus L. Ganharsaag Amaranthaceae 3 Saccharum spontaneum L. Kahi Poaceae 4 Vitis venifera L. Angor Vitacea Table 9. Plants used as Tonic 1 Albizia Lebbek Benth. BenthSiris Mimosaceae 2 Juglans regia L. Ghoz Juglandaceae 3 Punica granatum L. Anar Punicaceae 4 Punica granatum L. Anar Punicaceae 5 Solanum nigrum Auct. Kachmachoo orkachmach Solanaceae Table 10. Plants used for Cough 1 Chenopodium ambrosioides L. skhaboty Chenopodiaceae 2 Calotropis procera (Wild.) R.Br. Spalmai Asclepiadaceae 3 Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Enaley Lamiaceae 4 Solanum xanthocarpum L. Maraghone Solanaceae 5 Verbascum Thapsus L. zangalitumako Scropholariaceae 6 Allium cepa L. Piaz Liliaceae Table 11. Plants used as Expectorant 1 Adiantum venustum Don. Sumbal Pteridaceae 2 Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae 3 Nasturtium officinale R. Thermera Brassicaceae Table 12. Plants used in Dysentery 1 Ailanthus altissima (Mill) spina shandai Simarubaceae Swingle 2 Calotropis procera (Wild.) Spalmai Asclepiadaceae R.Br. 3 Diospyrus lotus Linn. Amlok Ebenaceae 4 Lufffa acutangula Roxb Toree Cucurbitaceae 5 Punica granatum L. Anar Punicaceae 6 Psidium guajava L. Amrood Myrtaceae Table 13. Plants used in Dirrhea 1 Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle spina shandai Simarubaceae 181

6 Continued table 13 2 Platanus orientalis L Chinar Platanaceae 3 Punica granatum L. Anar Punicaceae 4 Psidium guajava L. Amrood Myrtaceae Table 14. Plants used as Anthelmintic 1 Cannabis sativa L. Bhang Cannabaceae Table 15. Plants used as Antiasthmatic 1 Calotropis procera (Wild.) R.Br. Spalmai Asclepiadaceae 2 VerbascumThapsus L. zangalitumako Scropholariaceae 3 Vitis venifera L. Angor vitacea 4 Ficus palmate Forssk. Warokyinzer Moraceae Table 16. Plants used as Diaphoretic 1 Calotropis procera (Wild.) R.Br. Spalmai Asclepiadaceae 2 Xanthium strumarium L. Geshka Asteraceae Table 17. Plants used in Vomiting 1 Mentha longifolia (L)Huds. Enaley Lamiaceae 2 Mentha spicata L. Podina Lamiaceae 3 Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae 4 Cichorumintybus L. kasni asteraceae Table 18. Plants used as Antiseptic 1 Eucalyptus lanceolata L. Lachi Myrtinaceae 2 Ficus carica L. Enzer Moraceae 3 Morus alba L. Speen Toot Moraceae 4 Solanum nigrum Auct. Kachmachoo or Kachmach Solanaceae 5 Vitex negundo L. Marvandai Verbenaceae Table 19. Plants used as Demulcent 1 Hordeum vulgare L Jau Poaceae 2 Menttha arvensia L. Podina Lamiaceae 3 Lufffa Acutangula Roxb Toree Cucurbitaceae 182

7 Continued table 19 4 Solanum xanthocarpum L. Maraghone Solanaceae 5 Cichorium intybus L. Kasni Astereceae 6 Platanus orientali L. Chinar Platanaceae Table 20. Plants used as Painkiller 1 LufffaAcutangulaRoxb Toree Cucurbitaceae 2 Solanum xanthocarpuml Maraghone Solanaceae 3 CichoriumintybusL. Kasni Astereceae 4 PlatanusorientalisLinn Chinar Platanaceae Table 21. Plants used as Stomachache 1 Menthalongifolia(Linn.)Huds. Enaley Lamiaceae 2 MalvaneglectaWallr. Panerak Malvaceae 3 PunicagranatumL. Anar Punicaceae 4 CichoriumintybusL kasni Astereceae 5 VitisveniferaL. Angor vitacea 6 Verbena officinalelinn. Shamakai Verbenaceae Table 22. Plants used as Emolient 1 Xanthium strumariumlinn Geshka Asteraceae 2 Mentthaarvensia L. Podina Lamiaceae Table 23. Plants used in respiratory infection 1 Morus alba L. Speen Toot Moraceae Table 24. Plants used in digestive disorders 1 PunicagranatumL. Anar Punicaceae 2 PsidiumguajavaL. Amrood Myrtaceae 3 TribulusterristrisL. Marchondi Zygophyllaceae 4 VitisveniferaL. Angor Vitacea Table 25. Plants used as Emollient to external wounds 1 Vitis venifera L. Angor Vitacea 2 Verbascum Thapsus L. zangalitumako Scropholariaceae 3 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Kotilal Solanaceae CONCLUSION It is concluded from the study that the research area has a wide flora of medicinal plants which are freely used by local inhabitants so steady loss of these plants occur. This research affords base for the preservation of the local flora, its use as nutrition and medication. REFERENCES Abbasi., A.M. M.A. Khan, M. Ahmad, M. Zafar, S.S. 183

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