Roadblocks in HTS Assay Development

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2 Roadblocks in HTS Assay Development Average HTS biochemical assay development time = 4.1 months One off assay development is typically required for each enzyme class Novel or complex targets can be difficult Assays must be robust, reproducible, & automationfriendly Lack of high quality protein and assay reagents 44% of those surveyed indicate this to be the greatest hurdle Drug Discovery World Summer 2010 High Throughput Screening 2010: Effective Strategies, Innovative Technologies, and Use of Better Assays. Published by HighTech Business Decisions. Capacity, cost, and inefficient communication outside HTS lab

3 DIY Assay Development: The Ugly Reality Source reagents Screen and/or profile inhibitors eventually Empirically test a matrix of enzymes, substrates, detection reagents and assay conditions

4 An Alternative Reality... Define project with BellBrook scientists. Screen and/or profile using fully optimized conditions. Transcreener Assay Development Report for GTPases 1-4 Km concentration Z > 10% conversion Signal 100mP Take a week off... while we develop your assay.

5 HTS Assays Homogenous HTS assay method for enzymes that relies on immunodetection of nucleotides. Four assays for ADP, GDP, AMP/GMP, and UDP detect thousands of enzymes including kinases, ATPases, phosphodiesterases, GTPases, methyltransferases, etc ADP GDP UDP AMP/GMP The only assay method that detects nucleotides directly; i.e., without the use of coupling enzymes Choice of three fluorescent readouts: FP, TR-FRET, FI >24 hour reagent and signal stability at room temperature Validated on all major multimode readers; well defined filters/settings.

6 Examples of enzymes validated in Assays ADP Protein Kinases (many) Protein substrates Peptide substrates Autophosphorylation Carbohydrate Kinases Ketohexokinase Hexokinase phosphofructokinase Lipid Kinases Sphingosine kinase Shikimate kinase Pantothenate kinase PI3K 6 isoforms Various ATP-utilizing enzymes Acetyl CoA carboxylase Glutamine synthetase ATP Citrate Lyase Viral Helicase RNA Triphosphatase Hsp 70, 90 RecA GDP Gα proteins Cdc42 H-ras Rho A Arf 1 Fucosyltransferases 1,3 UDP α-1,3 Galactosyltransferase Glucosylceramide Synthase Hepatic UGTs AMP/GMP PDEs - several Ub, SUMO Ligases NAD Synthetase Acyl CoA Synthetase Sialyltransferases (CMP) EPIGEN HMTs EZH2 G9a DOT1L MLL4 SET7/9SET8 SUV39H1 PRMTs PRMT1 PRMT3 PRMT4 PRMT8 DNMTs DNMT1 DNMT3

7 Available Services 1) Quick enzyme activity test: We will determine optimal Transcreener reagent concentrations, establish a standard curve and perform an enzyme titration using user-defined reaction conditions. Specs: Z value > 0.6 at <30% substrate consumption 2) Assay optimization: We will determine the optimal enzyme concentration, buffer composition, and reaction time for maximal signal under initial velocity conditions. Specs: Z value > 0.6 at <30% substrate consumption 3) Inhibitor profiling: 12 point dose response curves, IC 50 determinations with customer compounds. 4) Pilot Screen: We will perform a pilot screen of 1120 small molecule drugs. Specs: Z value of at least 0.5.

8 Why outsource to BellBrook? Leveraging BellBrook s expertise will save you time and money. Your project will be handled by the same BellBrook scientists who developed the Transcreener assays. We ll do as much or as little as you ask. Pick from a menu of services ranging from a quick enzyme validation to full assay optimization and pilot screen. Transcreener assays are easy to internalize. Simple mix and read format is easy to automate, and all assays have been validated on major multimode readers. Get extensively validated, outstanding performance. Transcreener Assays have been used in over 50M wells of HTS in pharma and CRO labs worldwide. Z values of 0.7 to 0.9 are typical.

9 Case Study: Selective detection of LRRK2 GTPase Activity LRRK2, a target for Parkinson s and Crohn s diseases, is a bifunctional enzyme with separate kinase and GTPase domains. The kinase activity is fold higher than GTPase activity. A client wanted to use the Transcreener GDP Assay to detect LRRK2 GTPase activity, and was concerned about non-specific GTP hydroylsis at the kinase domain. BellBrook scientists developed optimal conditions for detection of LRRK2 GTPase activity and demonstrated that GDP production was dependent on the GTPase domain and independent of the kinase domain.

10 mp Case Study: A DNA Methyltransferase 1 Screen Study goals: Determine the optimal buffer system and DNMT1 enzyme concentration for running a screen. Determine which of the DNMT1 enzyme forms, full length or catalytic domain, was better suited for the screen. 300 A sensitive HTS-ready assay with a 100mP window was developed for full length DNMT1. Further optimization of reaction conditions were pursued for the catalytic fragment to increase the assay window Z`=0.7 DNMT1 + SAM DNMT1 + SAM +DNA Well Number

11 Send us a sample of your enzyme and in a matter of a few days we will provide you with fully optimized Transcreener assay conditions and a protocol for screening or profiling with the desired parameters. For more information: info@bellbrooklabs.com Phone: Toll-Free: