E ligula and E sachalinensis (Imai) Corner, both of

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169 Aerica, exhibits ore robust, pale yellow basidiocarps which darken to greyish orange in age, larger basidiospores (9-135 x 55-7 p), and ild tasting flesh Aong the European taxa included in sect

1 169 Aerica, exhibits ore robust, pale yellow basidiocarps which darken to greyish orange in age, larger basidiospores (9-135 x 55-7 p), and ild tasting flesh Aong the European taxa included in sect Clavariadelphus, flavo-iaturus Petersen and E xanthocephalus Rah & Schild are siiliar to, yet distinct fro, E flavidus Clavariadelphus flavo-iaturus features ore robust, clavate basidiocarps, larger basidiospores ( x 55-7 p), and an orange staining reaction with KOH Clavariadelphus xanthocephalus exhibits larger, ore robust, turbinate or capitate basidiocarps, larger basidiospores (95-12 x 4 5-6p), and is not reactive with KOH In the field, C flavidus ight also be confused with E ligula and E sachalinensis (Iai) Corner, both of whose basidiocarps are infrequently bright yellow in color These taxa can readily be segregated icroscopically, however, by basidiospore size and shape The basidiospores of c flavidus are broadly ovate to aygdalifor in profile, with an E (20, while those of C ligula and C sachalinensis are narrowly ellipsoid to boletoid in profile with an E) 3 0 Clavariadelphus occidentalis Methven, sp nov Figs 8, 12 Receptaculu e altu, apice latu, siplex, clavatu; apex obtusus, laevis dein rugosus; hyeniu laeve dein rugosu, luteolu vel ochraceu; caro spongiosa, albida, b runnescens; odor et sapor nullus; sporae x 55-7 )J (L 111 Jl; W 63 }l; E = 14-20; E 17); late ovatae vel aygdalifores, laeves, albae;~yphae onoiticae, intertextae, fibulatae Sparsa vel gregaria ad terra in sylvis frondosisconiferis Aericae borealis occidentalis HOLOTYPUS: TENN : United States, California, Yuba Co, Bullard's Bar Recreation Area, Schoolhouse Capground, 4 Jan 1987, legit A S Methven No 5068 (TENN 47402) BASIDIOCARP 5-20 e high, 5-12 dia basally, dia apically, siple, initially subcylindric to subfusifor, enlarged upward in age, then clavate to broadly clavate, finally irregularly, laterally copressed; ycelial hyphae interwoven or aggregated into

170 rhizoorphic strands up to 1 dia, whit e to pallid; base terete, sooth, pruinose, white to pallid where covered, otherwise yellowish white (3A2) to pale yellow (4A3), " ivory yellow," "cartridge

2 170 rhizoorphic strands up to 1 dia, whit e to pallid; base terete, sooth, pruinose, white to pallid where covered, otherwise yellowish white (3A2) to pale yellow (4A3), " ivory yellow," "cartridge buff," "light buff," "pale ochraceous-buff"; hyeniu initially soot h, longitudinally rugose to rugulose in age, initially light yellow (4A5-4) to orange white (5A2), "light buff," "pale ochraceous-buff," "pale ochraceous- salon," "war buff," "chaois," "light ochraceous-buff," "crea buff," finally light orange (5A4-3) to greyish orange (5B4-3, 6B4-3), "capucine buff," "pale yellow-orange," "cinnaon-buff," "pinkish cinnaon"; apex initially subacute, then obtuse or broadly rounded, sooth, concolorous with the hyeniu; surface staining slowly, irregularly br own (6E6-4, 7E6-4) to dark brown (7F6-4), "verona brown," "ikado brown," "russet," "ar's brown" where cut or bruised, staining ore conspicuously downward ; flesh initially solid, becoing soft and spongy upward as the apex enlarges, white to pallid, on exposure staining slowly, i r regularly brown ( 6E6-4, 7E6-4) to dark brown (7F6-4), "verona brown," "ikado brown," "russet," "ar's brown" ODOR ANl) TASTE not distinctive MACROCHEMICAL REACTIONS: Fec1, FeCl + EtOH, ANO, 3 PHN, PYR, PCR, GUA, SYR = positive; KOH, N~40H, NAP, TYR negative MYCELIAL HYPHAE 2 S- 4 p dia, branched, claped, uninflated; walls thin or irregularly thickened to 1 p, hyaline in KOH, refractive under phase contrast, sooth, echinate or echinul ate; projections up t o 1 p high, hyaline, insoluble in KOH, refract ive under phase contrast, acyanophilous; claps uninflated or inflated (-95 p), soeties edallion or apullifor; hypha! contents aorphous, hyaline in KOH TRAMAL HYPHAE 4-12 p dia, ore or less parallel to longitudinally interwoven basally, ore loosely interwoven upward, radially interwoven beneath the subhyeniu, uninflated, inflated (-135 p) or broadly undulate, branched, claped; walls thin or irregularly thickened to 1 p, hyaline in KOH, refractive under phase contrast, sooth; claps uninflated or inflated (-16 p), soeties edallion or apullifor; hypha! contents aorphous, hyaline in KOH GLOEOPLEROUS HYPHAE 25-5 p dia, arising f ro generative hyphae at clap connections, scattered throughout the traa, ore abundant downward, uninflated, inflated (-8 p ) or strangulated, branched, claped; walls thin, hyaline in

3 No (NICH); Upper Priest River, 19 Sep 1968, Sith No (MICH) ; Upper Priest River, 25 Sep 1968, Sith No (lhch; TENN 47399) Kootenai Co: Couer d ' Alene, 7 Oct 1970, Nos 34724, (TENN); Couer d'alene Nat ional Forest, Deception Creek Experient al Forest, 22 Sep 1969, Sith no (ut Cl avariadelphus ligulus) (MICH) OREGON Clackaas Co : Nt Hood National Forest, 20 Oct 1984, Methven Nos 3519, 3520 (TENN) WASHINGTON Pierce Co: Mt Rainier National Park, 15 Oct 1984, Hethven No 3540 (TENN) 165 Q g Fi gs Basidiospores of Clavar iadelphus aericanus (TENN 47403, Neotype) 6 Basidiospores of Clavariadelphus caespit osus (TENN 33983, Holotype) 7 Basidiospores of Clavariadelphus flavidus (TENN 47401, Holotype) 8 Basidi ospores of Clavariadelphus occidentalis (TENN 47402, Holotype) Scale bars=!o p I 8

$172 KOH, sooth; claps uninflated or inflated (-12 p), soeties edallion or apullifor; hyphal contents subopalescent, yellow in KOH, refractive under phase contrast, cyanophilous SUBHYMENIUM$

4 172 KOH, sooth; claps uninflated or inflated (-12 p), soeties edallion or apullifor; hyphal contents subopalescent, yellow in KOH, refractive under phase contrast, cyanophilous SUBHYMENIUM rudientary; hyphae 25-5 p dia, interwoven, branched, claped, uninflated; walls thin, hyaline in KOH, sooth; claps uninflated; hyphal contents aorphous, hyaline in KOH HYMENIUM thickening, extending fro near the base of the basidiocarp over the apex, coposed of basidia and leptocystidia: LEPTOCYSTIDIA x 25-5 p, scattered aong and scarcely projecting beyond the basidia, cylindric, subcylindric or strangulated, inflated apically at aturity, then narrowly clavate, at ties apically or subapically branched, claped; walls thin, hyaline in KOH, sooth; claps uninflated; hyphal contents aorphous, pale yellow in KOH, acyanophilous: BASIDIA x )lid, narrowly clavate t o clavate, inflated apically at aturity, then broadly clavate, claped; walls thin or irregularly thickened, hyaline in KOH, sooth; claps uninflated; basidial contents ultiguttulate and refringent to aguttulate and aorphous, pale yellow in KOH; sterigata (2) - 4, 8-12 p long, broadest basally, narrowed to an obtuse apex, incurved BASIOIOSPORES white in deposit, x p (L = 111 p; W = 63 p; E 14-20; E = 1 7); broadly ovate to aygdalifor; walls thin, hyaline in KOH, sooth; contents ultiguttulate and refringent to aguttulate and aorphous, pale yellow in KOH; acyanophilous, inayloid; hilar appendage oblique with an obtuse apex HABIT, HABITAT, AND DISTRIBUTION: Scattered to gregarious, infrequently in caespitose clusters; terrestrial; duff; coniferous or ixed coniferousdeciduous forests: Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho SPECIMENS EXAMINED: UNITED STATES ALASKA Gustavus, Rink River, Johnson Hoestead, 6 Sep 1981, Cooke No (WBC; TENN 47397); Fairbanks, Harding Lake Capground, 26 Aug 1965, Wells and Kepton Nos 8/26/65-14, 8/26/65-15 (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (WK 1984, 1985) ; Fairbanks, Livingood Road, 15 Aug 1964, Wells and Kepton No 8/15/64-10 (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (MICH); Glacier Bay National Monuent, Water Puping Station, 6 Sep 1979, Cooke No (WBC; TENN 44854); Glacier Bay National Monuent, Bartlett Cove, 3 Sep 1979, Cooke No (WBC; TENN 44855); Glacier Bay National Honuent, lvater Puping Station, 7 Sep 1979,

173 Cooke No 57231 (tjbc; TENN 44852) ARIZONA Graha Co : Coronado National Forest, 29 Aug 1958, Lowe No 9425 (TENN 32040) CALIFORNIA Huboldt Co: Willow Creek, no date, Largent No 8158 (HSC) Marin Co:

5 173 Cooke No (tjbc; TENN 44852) ARIZONA Graha Co : Coronado National Forest, 29 Aug 1958, Lowe No 9425 (TENN 32040) CALIFORNIA Huboldt Co: Willow Creek, no date, Largent No 8158 (HSC) Marin Co: Sauel P Taylor State Park, 26 Dec 1985, Methven No 4409 (TENN); Alpine Lake, 8 Dec 1984, Thiers No (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (SFSU) San Mateo Co : San Francisco Watershed, 12 Jan 1986, Saylor No 3041 (SFSU) Santa Barbara Co: 17 Feb 1940, Rea No 370 (ut Clavaria pistillaris) (MICH) Trinity Co: Brizard Ranch, east of Salyer, Denning Road, 6 Dec 1982, Lanphere No 12/6/62 (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (MICH) Tuolune Co: Hwy 120, Moccasin Creek Recreation Area, 27 Jan 1979, Thiers No (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (SFSU) Yuba Co: Bullard's Bar Recreation Area, Schoolhouse Capground, 15 Dec 1983, Methven No 2682 (TENN); Bullard's Bar Recreation Area, Schoolhouse Capground, 4 Jan 1987, Methven No 5068 (TENN 47402) (HOLOTYPE]; Bullard's Bar Recreation Area, Schoolhouse Capground, 4 Jan 1987, Methven No 5069 (TENN) IDAHO Bonner Co : Priest Lake, 29 Sep 1984, Methven Nos 3320, 3323 (TENN); Nordan, Granite Creek, 12 Oct 1956, Sith No (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (MICH); Upper Priest River, 21 Sep 1968, Sith No (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (MICH); Priest Lake, Binarch Creek, 22 Sep 1968, Sith No (MICH); Priest Lake, 29 Sep 1968, Sith No (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (MICH); Priest Lake, Binarch Creek, 8 Oct 1968, Sith No (MICH); Priest River, 21 Sep 1966, No (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (TENN); Priest River, 6 Oct 1966, No (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (TENN); Priest River, 21 Sep 1968, No (TENN); Priest River, 22 Sep 1968, No (TENN); Priest Lake, 24 Sep 1968, No (TENN); Priest Lake, 23 Sep 1968, No (ut Clavariadelphus zistillaris) (TE~~); Priest River, 1 Oct 1968, No ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (TENN); Priest River, 7 Oct 1968, No (TENN) ; Priest River 3 Oct 1968, No (TENN) Kootenai Co: Couer d'alene, 30 Sep 1966, No (ut Clavariadelphus ~istillaris) (TENN); Couer d'alene, 7 Oct 1970, No ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) (TENN) Shoshone Co : Devil 1 s Elbow, Couer d 1 Alene River, 24 Oct 1972, Sith No (ut Clavariadelphus pistillaris) Clavariadelphus occidentalis is one of several taxa in sect Clavariadelphus passing under the nae ~ pistillaris sensu lato Clavariadelphus occidentalis

174 differs fro the latter by its light yellow basidiocarps which darken to greyish orange in age, habitat in coniferous or ixed coniferous-deciduous forests, and saller basidiospores (10 5-14 x

6 174 differs fro the latter by its light yellow basidiocarps which darken to greyish orange in age, habitat in coniferous or ixed coniferous-deciduous forests, and saller basidiospores ( x 6-75fl for C pistillaris) Other taxa within sect Clavariadelphus with which C occidentalis ight be confused include C subfastigiatus, ~ caespitosus, and fasciculatus Clavariadelphus subfastigiatus is distinct fro occidentalis in its pallid flesh-color to light cinnaon basidiocarps, forest green staining reaction with KOH, and saller basidiospores (8-105 x 5-6 p) Clavariadelphus caespitosus differs fro occidentalis by its slender, narrowly clavate, greyish red to dull red basidiocarps with subacute apices, caespitose growth habit, and saller basidiospores (8- ll x p) Clavariadelphus fasciculat us, known at this writing only fro Mexico, is unique in its strongl y fasciculate growth habit, pinkish orange basidiocarps, larger basidiospores (11-14 x 5-7 p), and acerose- to acicular-shaped crystals encrusting the walls of the ycelial hyphae Sall, iature basidiocarps of C occidentalis ight also be confused in the field with -ligula and sachalinensis These taxa can readily be segregated icroscopically, however, by size and shape of basidiospores Basidiospores of c occidentalis are broadly ovate to aygdalifor in profile with an E< 20, while those of C ligula and C sachalinensis are narrowly ellipsoid to boletoid in profile with an E) 3 0 Clavariadelphus pallido-incarnatus Methven, sp nov Figs 9-11, 13 Receptaculu 7-15 e altu, apice latu, siplex, clavatu vel turbinatu; apex obtusus dein truncatus, rugosus, sterilis; hyeniu laeve dein rugosu, pallido-incarnatu, in KOH luteu; caro spongiosa, albida, brunnescens; odor nullus, sapor dulcis; sporae x 6-7p (L = 103fl; W 63p; E = 14-18; E 16); late ovatwe vel aygdal~fores, laeves, albae; hyp~ae onoiticae, intertextae, fibulatae Sparsa vel gregaria ad terra sub Sequoia sepervirenti, Picea sitchensi, et Alno spp in Aerica boreali occidental!

175 Figs 12-13 12 Basidiocarps of Clavariadelphus occi dentalis (Methven 5067) x 1/2

7 175 Figs Basidiocarps of Clavariadelphus occi dentalis (Methven 5067) x 1/2 13 Basidiocarps of Clavari adelphus pallido-incarnatus (TENN 47404, Holot ype) X 3/4

(Pl. VI Fig. 36) Ramaria maculatipes sp. nov.

(Pl. VI Fig. 36) Ramaria maculatipes sp. nov. 103 Ramaria maculatipes sp. nov. (Pl. VI Fig. 36) Basidiocarpia terrestria 10 cm alta 6 cm crassa, stipite simplici 2.0-4.0 x 1.5-2.0 cm, e basi usque ad septuplo sursum ramificantia, apicibus polynodulosis,