Lab Activity: Earth's Size and Shape
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1 Name: Date: Period: Measuring the Earth The Physical Setting: Earth Science Lab Activity: Earth's Size and Shape INTRODUCTION:! Pictures of the earth taken from space show that the earth appears to be perfectly round and smooth. However, to us, the earth appears to have a highly irregular surface. In addition, accurate measurements of the Earth s shape show that the equatorial diameter is slightly different than the polar diameter. OBJECTIVE:! After you complete this lab you will better understand the true roundness and smoothness of the Earth. VOCABULARY:! Relief Model Scale!!!!! Oblate Spheroid!!!!! Sphere!!!!! Leigh-Manuell - "1
2 PROCEDURE A:! The ratio of the polar diameter to the equatorial diameter of a sphere is a measure of its roundness. Dividing the polar diameter by the equatorial diameter would give a value of 1 since both diameters of a perfect sphere are equal. The farther from 1 the actual computed ratio is, the less spherical a globe is. 1. Use the values given for the equatorial and polar diameters of the earth in the Data Chart on the Report Sheet to calculate the roundness-ratio of the Earth. Record this value on the Data Chart to the nearest thousandth. 2. Measure the equatorial and polar diameters of the Average Classroom Relief Globe represented by the diagram with your ruler to the nearest 0.1 cm. Record these measurements on the Report Sheet. 3. Calculate the roundness ratio for the globe using the data from step 2. Record this value on the report sheet to the nearest thousandth.! Polar " Diameter Equitorial Diameter Roundness " Ratio Earth 12,714 km 12,756 km Relief Globe Leigh-Manuell - "2
3 AVERAGE CLASSROOM RELIEF GLOBE! North Pole Mt. Everest Equator South Pole Leigh-Manuell - "3
4 " " Lab Activity: Earth's Size and Shape PROCEDURE B:! A relief globe shows the relative height of its surface features, such as mountains. It is a scale model of the Earth. The following procedures will show you whether or not these features are constructed to scale on such a globe. To calculate, you must use the proportion shown below. Actual Height of Surface Feature [km] Earth s Diameter [km] = Relief Globe Height of Surface Feature [cm] Relief Globe Diameter [cm] When you place your data into the equation shown above, you have one unknown value [Relief Globe height of Surface Feature]. You then apply the mathematical rules for cross-multiplying ratios, and solve for the unknown value. Record the all answers on the Correct Scale Data Table. 1. Measure the Relief Globe Height of Mt. Everest in centimeters using the diagram [nearest 0.1]. 2. The actual height of Mt. Everest = 8.8 km 3. The equatorial diameter of the Earth can be found in your ESRT on page Measure the Relief Globe Equatorial Diameter in centimeters [nearest 0.1]. 5. Using the values obtained in steps 2 through 4, and the equation shown above, solve for the relief globe height of the surface feature [Mt. Everest] to correct scale for this globe. 6. Determine the % Deviation [Error] between the height of Mt. Everest on the Average Classroom Relief Globe and the height it should have been if drawn to the correct scale [#5]. Difference from Accepted Value Percent Deviation [Error] = x 100 Accepted Value Leigh-Manuell - "4
5 CORRECT SCALE DATA TABLE! 1. Height of Mt. Everest on the Diagram [cm] 2. Actual Height of Mt. Everest [km] 3. Actual Equatorial Diameter of Earth [km] 4. Relief Globe Equatorial Diameter [cm] 5. Correct Scale for Relief Globe! Height of Mt. Everest [cm] 6. Percent Error for the Relief Globe Height of Mt. Everest [nearest whole percent] SHOW ALL WORK! Correct Scale for Relief Globe Height of Mt. Everest [cm] Percent Deviation [Error] for the Relief Globe Height of Mt. Everest [nearest whole percent] Leigh-Manuell - "5
6 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:! 1. Using your calculations, which is closer to a perfect sphere, Earth or the average classroom globe? 2. How does Earth s polar diameter compare with its equatorial diameter? 3. How does your data confirm that Earth in not a perfect sphere? 4. Explain why you think the earth is, or is not, smoother than the average classroom relief globe. 5. Calculate the roundness ratio for Mars [Polar Diameter = 6,752 km / Equatorial Diameter = 6,792 km]. CONCLUSION: Describe the true shape and smoothness of Earth. Leigh-Manuell - "6
A. Roundness The ratio of the polar diameter to the equatorial diameter of a sphere is a measure of its roundness. We call this a roundness ratio.
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