CREATING LIVEABLE & SAFE CITIES FOR ALL Taking Transit to people s door steps PRERNA V. MEHTA, MANAGER, WRI INDIA RAJEEV G. MALAGI, SR. PROJECT ASSOCIATE, WRI INDIA A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities
WORKSHOP OBJECTIVE Understanding the need for TOD Convene, Collaborate and Conclude How to realize TOD Strategies and Methodology WORKSHOP OUTCOME Mutual knowledge Building Deliberative discussions Way forward
Cities CHALLENGE Over 50% of the global population now live in cities and urban areas, rising to 70% by 2030. BUSINESS AS USUAL URBANISATION STARTING TO BREAK DOWN - Infrastructure gap - Traffic congestion - Air pollution - Social exclusion - Energy lock-in - Economic cost - Embedded emissions - Operational emissions Sources: : LSE Cities and Oxford Economics based on United Nations World Urbanization Prospects, 2007 Revision and Oxford Economics City 750 database.
CHOICES MATTER: ATLANTA AND BARCELONA HAVE SIMILAR POPULATIONS AND WEALTH LEVELS BUT VERY DIFFERENT CARBON PRODUCTIVITIES ATLANTA Atlanta s built-up area BARCELONA Barcelona s built-up area Population: 2.5 million Urban area: 4,280 km 2 (1652.517 Sq.mi.) Transport carbon emissions: 7.5 tonnes CO 2 per person (public+ private transport) Population: 2.8 million Urban area: 162 km 2 (62.55 Sq. mi.) Transport carbon emissions: 0.7 tonnes CO 2 per person (public+ private transport) Source: Bertaud and Richardson, 2004, Kenworthy (2003) citied in Lefevre, B. (2009)
COMPONENTS OF EMERGING NEW PRACTICES Connected infrastructure Smarter transport systems, smarter utilities, smart grids Compact urban growth Managed expansion, mixed-use urban form, good quality urban design Coordinated governance Integrated land use and transport authorities, integrated planning, PPPs
CURRENT ISSUES FACED BY INDIAN CITIES
STATE OF INDIAN CITIES (TIER 1) Delhi NCR: 54 sqkm/ year 20.85 Sq.miles/ yr. Mumbai : 5 sqkm/ year 1.93 Sq. miles/yr. Bengaluru: 39 sqkm/year 15.058 Sq.miles/ yr Municipal Boundary Urban Area (2005-06) Urban Area (2011-12) Rapid growth in satellite towns of Delhi (Gurgaon, Noida, Grt Noida, Faridabad etc.) Mumbai, little movement in peripheries, but witnessing inner city redevelopment Bengaluru is witnessing high-tech and IT/ ITES offices proliferating and clustering at the peripheries Source: Generated by WRI India using data from Bhuvan NRSC
STATE OF INDIAN CITIES (TIER 2) Pune: 42 sqkm/year 16.22 Sq. miles/ yr Ahmedabad: 13 sqkm/ year 5.02 Sq. miles/ yr. Municipal Boundary Urban Area (2005-06) Urban Area (2011-12) Pune capitalising on Mumbai s slow down, attracting new economies like IT/ ITES Ahmedabad have moderate transport corridor oriented growth Source: Generated by WRI India using data from Bhuvan NRSC
TRAFFIC WOES! NO MATTER WHERE YOU LIVE OR WHO YOU ARE
ROAD FATALITIES: 140,000* DEATHS/YEAR 9.1% 3.5% 28.6% 41.2% *Data in Lakh
AIR POLLUTION: 627,426* PREMATURE DEATHS/YEAR *Data in Lakn
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY: 436,122* PREMATURE DEATHS/YEAR Source: http://www5.imperial.ac.uk/medicine/metabolic_risks/bmi/ *Data in Lakh
2030 PROBLEM OF PLENTY
NEED OF THE HOUR: PEOPLE CENTRIC DEVELOPMENT
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA S GROWTH STRATEGY FOR URBAN AREAS The Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) has recognized Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as the urban growth strategy of choice for creating livable communities along good public transit.
TOD ZONES WHAT IS TOD? Transit Oriented Development, involves creating concentrated nodes of moderate-to-high density developments supporting a balanced mix of land uses around transit stations. Station area M M M Source: MoUD TOD guidance Document
HOW IS TOD REALIZED?
CONTEXTUALIZING TOD
OUR APPROACH TO TOD
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
DESIGN INTERVENTIONS Walking & bicycling (complete Streets) Mixed Use & Density (Compact Development) Public Transport (Integrated Transport) Active edges (Enhanced Safety and Security) Public Spaces (Enhanced public realm) Environmental & Cultural Landscapes Travel Demand Management (Parking Management)
DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS NAVANAGAR TOD PROJECT
FINANCING
CAPACITY BUILDING DESIGN REGULATORY FRAMWORK FINANCE
MAINSTREAMING TOD Regulatory framework and financing Neighborhood Improvement Program (NIP) Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Safe Access to Mass Transit Multi-Modal Integration (MMI) Station Access & Mobility Program (STAMP)
SAM (SAFE ACCESS TO MASS TRANSIT) INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY
MY EVERYDAY COMMUTE 1 Modal shift time Less comfortable $1/day ($ 250/yr) 35 min 10 min 5 min 50 min 2 20 min 15 min 5 min Metro - Comfortable Rik - No fixed charges $3.5/day ($875/yr) 40 min 3 Good for health Highly unsafe $1/day ($ 250/yr) 45 min 45 min 4 Least time Accident risk $3.5/day ($875/yr) 35 min 35 min
A LIVABLE STATION AREA Image Source: EMBARQ India
A STATION AREA A station area is a place of connectivity where different modes of transportation come together seamlessly and where work, live, shop and play can happen simultaneously. Image Source: Meena Kadri/ flickr
THE SAFE ACCESS APPROACH A PEOPLE CENTRIC APPROACH Image Source: EMBARQ India
WHAT DOES THIS WORKSHOP HELP FOR? Understand and establish each stakeholder s role Bring consensus through collaboration
SAM ACROSS VARIOUS PLATFORMS 10+ WORKSHOPS IN INDIA
SAM DESIGN INTERVENTIONS DAVANAGERE AREA BASED DEVELOPMENT
SAM: ENTREPREUNEUR & CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT STAMP STATION ACCESS & MOBILITY PROGRAM
SAM INFORMING POLICIES KOCHI SIGNAGE & SAFE ACCESS AUDIT
SAM BULDING CAPACITIES NAGPUR TRAINING THE TRAINERS STAMP
THE INTERACTIVE EXERCISE
INTERACTIVE TOOL BASED ON SAFE ACCESS MANUAL
EXPERIMENT: ROLE PLAY CARDS
STEP 1: ASSIGN ROLES GROUP : Require at least 5 members in a group Moderator Govt. Authority Woman on wheelchair Grandfather Teenager on cycle Car owner Private entrepreneur citizen roles
THE INTERACTIVE BOARD A strategy is designated for the table There are two sub-items per strategy
THE INTERACTIVE BOARD Step 1 Choose 2 of 6 strategies individually based on your role 1 st from Option a,b,c and 2 nd from option d,e,f
THE INTERACTIVE BOARD Step 2 Choose 2 of 6 strategies collectively based on common consensus 1 st from Option a,b,c and 2 nd from option d,e,f
GROUP PRESENTATIONS 5 min each 1. Why did you choose these strategies? 2. How did you arrive at this decision? 3. Was this a smooth decision? Government is the spokes person