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Lvw`Rv ÿ 1 2 ÿ Lvw`Rv MÖš ^Z 2015 gvkzvevzzj dzikvb All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. m Z i AvaywbK cökvk gv K Zv ev Zz j dz i Kv b www.maktabatulfurqan.com 1

Lvw`Rv ÿ 3 4 ÿ Lvw`Rv cö_g gymjgvb Ges kl bex gynv v` ()-Gi wewe Lvw`Rv ا ه االله ن ر g~j jlk ǀ ivkx` nvbjvgvh Bs iwr Abyev` ǀ ûjbqv Pvkvi evsjv Abyev` gynv v` Av`g Avjx Lvw`Rv : cö_g gymjgvb Ges kl bex gynv v` ()-Gi wewe g~j jlk ǀ ivkx` nvbjvgvh Bs iwr Abyev` ǀ ûjbqv Pvkvi evsjv Abyev` ǀ gynv v` Av`g Avjx ÿ cökvkk t gvkzvevzzj dzikvb evwo ÿ 18, ivw ÿ 7/we, m±i ÿ 3, DËiv, XvKv-1230 dvb: +8801733211499, +8801971336633 B gbj t adamalibd@yahoo.com I qemvbu : www.maktabatulfurqan.com ÿ cö_g cökvk t Rgvw`Dm mvwb 1436 wnrix / GwcÖj 2015 Cmvqx ÿ cö Q` t mvb`yi ingvb ÿ gỳ ªY t ` v eø vk, XvKv. 01730 706 735 ÿ g~j t `yb kz UvKv gvî Khadija : The First Muslim and the wife of the Prophet Muhammad () By Reşit Haylamaz; English Translated by Hülya Coşar Bangla Translated by Muhammad Adam Ali Price: BDT 200.00 USD 12.00 Abyev` MÖš gvkzvevzzj dzikvb 2

Lvw`Rv ÿ 5 6 ÿ Lvw`Rv Zvi cöej AvMÖn I wbôv, KziAvb I nv`x mi Dci we kl cöáv, ˆkwíK Awfe w³ Ges m e vcwi Bmjv gi cöwz Zvi Mfxi fvjevmv dz U D V Q اص ط Abyev` Ki K_v و س لا م ن ع ب اد ه ا و م د ا ivkx` nvbjvgvh Zzi i gvbyl Avwg Zvi bvg KL bv ïwbwb bvg kvbvi ci Zv K Rvbvi Póv Kijvg ewk wkqz Rvb Z cvwiwb ZvwK m jlv co Z cvwi bv A bk Av M G fvlvi Dci Qq gv mi GKUv ewmk Kvm K iwqjvg Qq gvmi jv Mwb m jv fz j h Z Z e gvbylwu GL bv eu P Av Qb Zzi i gymjgvb `i Kv Q wzwb LyeB RbwcÖq GKRb Bmjvgx M elk Ges mxivz jlk wn m e Zvi mybvg GLb mviv we k Zvi jlv ivm~jyj vn ()-Gi Rxebx (Gönül Tahtımızın Eşsiz Sultanı Efendimiz) Zzi me P q ewk wewµ niqv eb jvi GKwU Zvi GiKg Av iv A bk wkzve i q Q me jv wkzveb ZvwK m fvlvq jlv Av gwikvi wbdrvwm _ K ÔZzMiv eykmõ Zvi A bk jv eb Bs iwr Z Abyev` K i cökvk K i Q eb jvi g a ÔLvw`Rv () : cö_g gymjgvb Ges kl bex gynv v` ()-Gi weweõ Ab Zg Gi Bs iwr Abyev` K i Qb ûjbqv Pvkvi Am e my `i G ZiRgv ` L AevK bv n q cviv hvq bv G Abyev ` g~j jl KiB mz vbymüv b Avwg Av jg bb Avj vn ZvÕAvjv AbyMÖn K i G ` ki Ab Zg Øxwb e w³z nhiz cö dmi gynv v` nvgx`yi ingvb mv ne `vgvz evivkvzzû gi mvne Z _vkvi ZvIdxK w` q Qb GKw`b ev` dri gv`ivmvq cö dmi nhi Zi wbqwgz grwj m G wkzvewu (Bs iwr ms iy) m ú K Rvbvi mšfvm nq ciez x Z wkzvewui Z_ I fvlv kwj Z AvK ó n q Gi evsjv Abyev` ïi Kwi Avjnvg`ywjj vn, Lye Kg mg qi g a B Gi Abyev `i KvR kl n q Q cö dmi nhiz K G Abyev `i GKUv Kwc `wl qwq wzwb Zv ` L Lye Lywk n q Qb Ges `yõav K i Qb nhi Zi G `yõavi Dwmjvq Avwg Avkv Kwi, Avj vn ZvÕAvjv G wkzve K Keyj Ki eb Ges Avgvi Rb Av Liv Z bvhv Zi Dwmjv evwb q w` eb Bmjv gi BwZnv m Lvw`Rv () me cö_g gymjgvb wzwb ivm~jyj vn ()-Gi cö_g wewe GRb bvgkiyb wkzvewui i Z evsv bvi Rb h _ó Z e hviv Kej Zvi bvg ï b Qb, Lye ewk Rvbvi my hvm cvbwb, G wkzve Zv `i gav I gb b Bmjv gi mš `h I Z v Mi gwngv bzzb K i D vwmz Ki e ez gvb mgv R ewkifvm gymwjg cwievib mxgvnxb mgm vq R RwiZ G mgm v hz bv Avw_ K, Zvi P q A bk ewk gvbwmk `ywbqvi auvkvq cözvwoz n q Avgiv 3

4 e ev`x Z wek vmx n q DVwQ Gi cwiywz Z fvjevmvi eüb a i ivlv A bk ÎB Am e n q co Q G RwUj cwiw wz Z ivm~j ()-Gi mybœv Zi mwvk AbymiY Qvov gyw³i wekí Kvb c_ bb G mybœvz K hviv cig wek vm I HKvwš K wbôvi mv _ AbymiY-AbyKiY K i c _i w`kvwi n q Av Qb, m mkj gnvb mvnvex `i RxebxI GKBfv e Avgv `i Rb c_cö`k K G eva _ KB Lvw`Rv ()-Gi gz gwnqmx bvixi Rxebx cöwzwu gymjgvb bvix K hgb AvZ Kiv cö qvrb, Zgwb cöwzwu cyi lii Rvbv DwPr m e vcwi wzwb gymwjg-agymwjg mkj bi-bvixi Rb B wq jb GKRb cwic~y Av`k Ges AbymiYxq wkzvewu mfv eb iwpz n q Q D j L, G wkzv ei cöwzwu AskB nv`xm Ges mxiv Zi wewfbœ wbf i hvm wkzve _ K bqv n q Q g~j eb qi AbyKi Y G mkj wkzv ei ZvwjKv mshy³ Kiv n q Q Z_ mg G wkzvewu evsjv Bmjvgx mvwn Z GKwU bzzb ms hvrb gv Lvw`Rv ()-Gi Rxeb _ K wk v wb q Avj vn ZvÕAvjv Avgv `i K Cgvb`xß Rxeb Movi ZvIdxK bmxe Ki b A b KB GB wkzvewu cökv ki Î mn hvwmzv K i Qb nhiz BwÄwbqvi gynv v` gvkû`yi ingvb mv ne `vgvz evivkvzzûg, gvijvbv Gnmvbyj Kexi bvcg mv ne, Rbve gynv v` ngv qz nv mb mv ne, Rbve BwÄwbqvi kvgmym m jnxb mv ne Ges Rbve ˆZqeyi ingvb mv nemn Av iv Lvw`Rv ÿ 7 8 ÿ Lvw`Rv A b K G wkzv ei cö d ms kvab Ges cö qvrbxq g~j evb civgk w` q mn hvwmzv K i Qb Avj vn cvk mswk ó mevb K DËg wewbgq `vb Ki b Avgiv ebwu K µwugy³ I me v½xb my `i Kivi mvwe K cö Póv Pvwj qwq ZviciI fyjåvwš _ K hviqv wewpî bq myü`q cvv Ki ` wó Z Kvb fyj aiv co j Avgv `i AeMZ Kiv n j ciezx ms i Y Zv ms kva bi Póv Kie BbkvAvj vn 25 Rgvw`Dm mvwb 1436 wnrix 15 GwcÖj 2015 Cmvqx webxz gynv v` Av`g Avjx Abyev`K I cökvkk gvkzvevzzj dzikvb, XvKv

m~wpcî Lvw`Rv ÿ 9 10 ÿ Lvw`Rv gvkzvevzzj dzikvb _ K cökvwkz Abe` MÖš vejx c~e K_v 11 f~wgkv 13 m vší cwievi 15 cweî N ii evb 22 mymsev` 24 Zvwnivi mšívb 28 Hkx wb ` kbv 31 Av ikuz wbk U 36 `v g mdi 40 we q 46 cwievi-cwirb 55 kvwšíi No 58 mšívb-mšíwz 60 Inxi c~e Bkviv 64 d ikzvi AvMgb 66 cö_g Inx 70 cö_g gymjgvb 76 A øvb wz 83 d ikzvi mv _ mvÿvr 86 ivm~j K cöwz c` ÿ c AbymiY 89 cö_g ˆmwbK 91 eqku 94 we`vq 103 Awe iyxq wz 107 hqbve Ges Zvi ^vgx 109 Avg Zz AvbyMZ 123 Dcmsnvi 126 GK br i Lvw`Rv ()-Gi Rxebx 128 cv`uxkv 132 Z_ cwä 135 cö dmi nhi Zi eqvb mskjb-1 weávb I KziAvb cö dmi nhi Zi eqvb mskjb-2 Bmjvg I mvgvwrkzv cö dmi nhi Zi eqvb mskjb-3 Bmjv g AvaywbKZv cö dmi nhi Zi eqvb mskjb-4 ZvejxM I ZvÕjxg cö dmi nhi Zi eqvb mskjb-5 cvðv Z i wkÿvq Øxwb Abyf~wZ cö dmi nhi Zi evyx mskjb AvZ ïw i cv _q cö dmi nhi Zi mv _ Av gwikv mdi gynv v` Av`g Avjx cö dmi nhi Zi mv _ wbdwrj vû mdi gynv v` Av`g Avjx cö dmi nhi Zi mv _ `k-we ` k md ii Mí c _i w`kv (cö_g I wøzxq LÐ) gynv v` Av`g Avjx cö dmi nhi Zi Bs iwr eqvb mskjb An Appeal to Common Sense 5

Lvw`Rv ÿ 11 12 ÿ Lvw`Rv cyi l A_ev gwnjv K Zv `i c`v¼ AbymiY K ib G Z n e c~e K_v hviv g Wj, gvbyl mvaviyz Zv `i KB AbymiY Ki Z Pvq Ges Zv `i gzb Rxebhvcb Ki Z Pvq GB g Wj hw` mwz Kvi A _ B Av`k evb nq, Zvn j hviv Zv K AbymiY K i Rxebhvcb K i, ZvivI mwz mwz B Av`k gvbyl wn m e M o I V Avi hw` g W ji g a Av` k i wkqz bv _v K, Zvn j Zv K AbymiY K i Ab iv c_åó nq GRb cweî KziAvb gvrx ` bex-ivm~j `i NUbv ey bv Kiv n q Q hv Z gvbyl Zv `i Rxeb _ K GKRb Av`k gymjgv bi ^iƒc eys Z cv i G Kvi YB KziAvb gvrx ` evi evi ivm~jyj vn ()-Gi Rxeb mviv we k i gvby li Rb Av`k g Wj wn m e wee Z n q Q ivm~jyj vn () Ges Zvi wewkó mvnvexmy hviv me hy Mi köô gvbyl, Zv `i Rxebv` k B gvby li mgmvgwqk me mgm v mgvav bi Rb Adziš Dcvq-DcKiY i q Q G Dcjwä _ KB Avwg Avcbv `i mvg b Ggb GK gwnqmx bvixi Rxebx Dc vcb KiwQ whwb Bmjv gi GKRb GKwbô Kg x, cig Av`k, Awe iyxq e w³z, cö_ gi cö_g Ges me gwnjv `i m` vi wzwb n Qb Lvw`Rv () Avj vn ZvÕAvjv G wkzve K mevi Rb DcKvix evwb q `b Avgxb 6 ez gv b Z_vKw_Z AvaywbK mf Zv gvby li Rb mylx Ges m š vlrbk Kvb c_ cö`k b Ki Z cv iwb GRb GKUv mylx Ges DbœZ Rxebhvc bi Î Ggb Av`k gvbyl `i Kvb wekí bb h RvwZ Zv `i g a GiKg Av`k gvbyl ˆZwi Ki Z c i Q, ZvivB DbœwZi wkl i Av ivnb K i Q ez gv b h Av`k cö qvrb, Zv Ggb KvD K AbymiY K ib AR b Ki Z n e hviv Zv `i cvwicvwk K RM Z Zvivi gz Av jv Qwo q Qb cšbtcywbk DrKl Zvq cušqvi Rb GKRb

Lvw`Rv ÿ 13 14 ÿ Lvw`Rv we klá `i Rb Gme Dw³ K mv`vwm afv e Dc vcb K iwq KvD K RwUjZvq djv G wkzv ei D Ïk I bq f~wgkv Bmjv gi m~pbvj Mœ ivm~jyj vn () hme mvnvex `i K wb Ri nv Z M o Zz jwq jb, ez gv b Zv `i AbyKiYxq Rxebv`k Rvbv Lye ewk cö qvrb AvaywbK A bk RwUj mgm v h jvi evwn K Kvb mgvavb Rvbv bb, m jv nqz mlv b jywk q Av Q Zviv mvgvwrk Rxe b kvwš cöwzôvq me gšwjk bxwz m ú K Rvb Zb Zviv Kej Zv Rvb ZbB bv, eis KziAvb Ges ivm~j ()-Gi wb ` k Zv ev evqb K i Ggb GK ` óvš vcb K i M Qb hv Zv `i mgmvgwqk Zv e UB, ciez x Z hz gvbyl `ywbqv Z Avm e, mevi Rb B AbyKiYxq-AbymiYxq n q _vk e Gme gnvb e w³e M i i Z c~y Rxeb BwZnv mi Av jv K wewfbœ ` wó KvY _ KB e vl v I Dc vcb Kiv hvq Avwg GLv b Zv `i mg qi wk v K Avgv `i Rxe b wkfv e cö qvm Kiv hvq, mw` KB mywbw` ófv e Av jvkcvz Kivi Póv K iwq hv Z mevb AwaK DcK Z n Z cv ib; GUv hb Kvbfv eb AZx Zi mvaviy Kvb wzpviy bv nq G `yiƒn KvR Kivi Rb Avwg Kvb Kíbvi AvkÖq bbwb eis Avwg gv Lvw`Rv () m ú K mvnvex `i g a wkqz K _vck_b K DcRxe K iwq e vl v-we k l Yi RwUjZv Gwo q Avwg Bmjv gi BwZnv m Lvw`Rv () GKRb cövyeš Ges i Z c~y e w³z wn m e cwiwpz wzwb we qki GK Rxeb AwZevwnZ K i Qb hv mkj cyi l Ges gwnjv `i Aby cöiyv I Drmv ni Rb GK cig Av`k e w³ Ges mvgvwrk Rxe b hviv Avj vn Ges ivm~j ()-Gi wb ` k Abyhvqx Rxeb-hvcb Ki Z Pvb, Zv `i c_ cö`k K wn m e Lvw`Rv () GKRb Av`k g Wj hviv g Zz i cii kzvãxi ci kzvãx gvby li Aš i eu P _vk Z AvMÖnx, wzwb Zv `i Rb m ve c_ `wl q M Qb eq mi Kvi Y ˆ`wnK `ye jzv I mxgve Zvi g a I wzwb gwnjv wn m e Ggb me MŠiegq cövwß Z gwngvwš^z wq jb hv mkj hy Mi me gwnjv `i Rb I GK Abycg ` óvš ZvB Av jvpbv `xn vwqz bv K i Avwg cvvk `i K Zvi Rxe bi mv _ cwiwpz niqvi Rb Avnevb KiwQ 7

m vší cwievi Lvw`Rv ÿ 15 16 ÿ Lvw`Rv wm q Qb hb wzwb Zvi gš e i c Av iv hyw³msmz mg_ b cvb m`yc `k `qvi GB mvnm I ` pzv Kv_v _ K wzwb c jb Ges cöej B Qvkw³ w` q wzwb wk Ggb hvm Zv AR b K iwq jb? ÔAvcwb fq cv eb bv Avj vni Kmg! wzwb Avcbv K jvwãz Ki eb bv Avcwb AvZ xqzvi eüb mỳ pkvix, Mwie-`ytLx `i mvnvh Kvix, AwZw_civqY I gvby li wec ` mvnvh Kvix, Avcwb mz A š^lykvix Ges wb R K cy ivcywi a g i c _ mgc Y K i Qb...Õ ivm~jyj vn () hlb niv nv _ K g vq wd i G mwq jb, ZLb Lvw`Rv () Zv K G K_v jv e jwq jb g vi cövš mxgvq Rvev j b~ ii P~ovq Aew Z G niv nvqb wzwb wreivbj ()-Gi gva g cö_g Inx c qwq jb Inxi evz vevnk wreivbj ()-Gi mv _ mv v Zi wfbœ GK AwfÁZvi ci fxz-mš n q mvš bvi Rb wzwb Zvi wcöq xi Kv Q Qz U G mwq jb K wq jb GB Lvw`Rv, h wkbv GiKg A yz msev` cviqvi ci wbtms Kv P GZ ` p g bve ji cwipq w` Z c iwq jb? ivm~j () wech Ae vq hlb Zv K wek vm K i Inxi msev` w` jb, ZLb wkfv e wzwb Zv K Zvi AZxZ Kg Kv Êi K_v iy Kwi q w` q kw³ I mvnm hywm q e j Qb, GUv Aek B Avj vni c _ K, Kvb Aïf kw³ _ K bq? ciezx Z civg k i Rb weá IqvivKv Be b bi d ji Kv Q gwnqmx Lvw`Rv () 555 Lªxóv ã Rb MÖnY K ib B q g bi Avwewmwbqvb kvmk Aveivnv Ges Zvi ˆmb `j Kvev AvµgY Kivi c bi eqi Av M BwZnv m GUv nw evwnbxi NUbv wn m e wel vz mvaviyz g vi jv Kiv G NUbv K K `ª K i Av M-c ii wewfbœ NUbvi w`bkv ji wn me ivlz 1 Zvi evev wq jb LyIqvBwj` Be b Avmv` Ges gv wq jb dvwzgv web Z hvb`v LyIqvBwj` KzivBk es ki GKRb m vwbz e w³ wq jb g vevmxiv i Z c~y wel q Zvi gzvgz MÖnY KiZ ivm~jyj vn ()-Gi wczvgn Avãyj gyëvwj ei mv _ wzwb g vi cöwzwbwa ` ji m`m wq jb GKevi B q g bi GK A½ iv R i mv _ g vi hy ve v ˆZwi nq ZLb Avmbœ wec` _ K i v c Z Av jvpbvi Rb wzwb H cöwzwbwa` ji mv _ wm qwq jb Lvw`Rv () wcz es ki DaŸ cyi li m~î a i ivm~jyj vn ()-Gi es ki mv _ wm q wg j Qb KzmvC Be b wkjv ei gva g cuvp DaŸ Zb cyi l Av M Zviv GKB cwievifz³ wq jb wzwb gv qi w`k _ KI jyavb Ges Avwã gvbv di gva g ivm~jyj vn ()-Gi es ki mv _ wgwjz n q Qb 8

9 GKB mv _ Zvi wbkuvz xq- ^Rb Lvw`Rv ()- K AbvMZ fwel Zi Rb ˆZwi Kivi Î i Z c~y f~wgkv i LwQ jb h cwi ek-cwiw wz Z wzwb e o D VwQ jb, GB m ú K mg K aviyvi Rb Zvi Hme wbkuvz xq `i GKUz ey bv `qv cö qvrb Lvw`Rv ()-Gi wczv wdrvi hy 2 wbnz nb Zvi PvPv wq jb Avgi Be b Avmv`, g vi GKRb cöwm e w³ wczv gviv hvevi ci GB PvPvB Zvi `Lv kvbvi `vwqz bb Zvi GK ev bi bvg wqj nvjv ivwe Be b Avãyj D¾vi mv _ nvjvi we q nq nvjvi M f B Aveyj Av mi Rb nq Aveyj Avm ciez x Z Ôme P q wek Õ wn m e cöwmw jvf K ib ivm~jyj vn ()-Gi AbygwZ Z Lvw`Rv () Zvi g q hqbve K fv Mœ Aveyj Av mi mv _ we q `b Lvw`Rv ()-Gi Av ik fvwzrv wq jb nvkxg Be b wnhvg Kvev N i Rb MÖnY Kiv cö_g wkï wn m e Zvi L vwz wqj Lvw`Rvi e emv evwyr `Lv kvbvq wzwb Lye mn hvwmzv Ki Zb nvwzi eq ii wzb eqi Av M Zvi Rb nq wzwb ivm~ ji beyi Zi Av M Zvi GKRb wbkuzg eüz wq jb g vq nvrx `i K mvnvh Kiv Zvi GKwU cöavb `vwqz wqj hv wzwb DËivwaKvi m~ Î jvf K iwq jb wzwbb hv q` K wb q G mwq jb whwb ciez x Z ivm~j ()- Gi GKRb wel vz mvnvh Kvix n qwq jb nvkxg Be b wnhvg Avi ei DKvR gjv _ K Lvw`Rv ()-Gi Rb Lvw`Rv ÿ 17 18 ÿ Lvw`Rv hv q` K µq K i G bwq jb (ciez x Z ivm~j () Zv K `vmz _ K gyw³ w` q cvjk c~î wn m e MÖnY K ib) eqk Ui eqi jv Z gymjgvb `i K mvnvh Kivi Rb nvkxg Be b wnhvg A bk Z vm ^xkvi K i Qb g vi gykwik `i mv _ gymjgvb `i g a msnwuz ûbvb bi hy i ci ivm~j () GB nvkxg K MwYg Zi gvj _ K GKkÕ DU nvw`qv w` qwq jb Gi gva g wzwb nvkx gi Aš i Rq Ki Z P qwq jb K qk eqi ci hlb g v wewrz nq, ZLb nvwkg gymjgvb nb ivm~j () ZLb Zv K D Ïk K i e j Qb, ÔZzwg gymjgvb niqvi ci Aek B Zzwg c~ e i A bk fvj KvR m ½ wb q G mq Õ G _ K Zvi Øviv c~ e Bmjv gi c wewfbœ mn hvwmzvi w` KB Bkviv Kiv n q Q 3 g vq GKwU evwoi bvg wqj Øvi-Db-bv`Iqv (bv`iqvi evwo) KzivBkiv wewfbœ i Z c~y civgk I wm vš bqvi Rb GLv b Rgv nz Bmjvg c~e hy M DËivwaKvi m~ Î nvkxg evwowui gvwjk nb ciez x Z wzwb gyqvweqv ()-Gi Kv Q evwowu wewµ K ib wewµi m ú~y UvKv wzwb Avj vni iv vq `vb K i `b 4 nvkxg GKRb e emvqx wq jb hlb ivm~j () g v werq K ib, ZLb wzwb m vwbz e w³ `i ZvwjKvq nvkxg Be b wnhv gi bvg D PviY K ib wzwb GK NvlYvq e jb h, hw` KD nvkxg Be b wnhv gi evwo Z AvkÖq bq, Zvn j m wbivc` Bmjv gi c~e Rxe b Bmjvg I ivm~j ()-Gi

kî Zvq h f~wgkv iv Lb, Bmjvg MÖn Yi ci G Aby kvpbvq wzwb K Vvi Z vm ^xkvi K i Avg Zz Bmjv gi L`gZ K ib GKevi wzwb nr Kivi wm vš bb n R hviqvi c~ e wzwb GKkÕ DU I GK nvrvi ekix `vb K ib Ges GKkÕ `vm K gyw³ `b ûbvbb hy i mgq Avj vn Ges Zvi ivm~j ()-Gi mv _ Iqv`v Kivi ci wzwb Avi KL bv Kv iv Kv Q wkqz Pvbwb Ges hy i ci wb Ri cövc AskI MÖnY K ibwb g Zz i mgq Zvi eqm n qwqj GKkÕ wek eqi Bmjvg MÖn Yi Av M AÜKvi hy M Zvi Rxe bi lvu eqi K U Q Avi Bmjvg MÖn Yi cii wzwb Av iv lvu eqi nvqvz c qwq jb IqvivKv Be b bvi dj wq jb Lvw`Rv ()-Gi PvPvZ fvb Ges QvU ejv _ KB Zvi hvezxq ÁvbvR bi me P q eo gva g wzwb ZvIivZ I BwÄj wneª fvlvq co Z cvi Zb Ges mz v š^lx wq jb wzwb g~wz c~rv K N Yv Ki Zb wkzve c o wzwb me kl bexi AvMg bi msev` c qwq jb Ges Zvi Rb Aaxi AvMÖ n A c v KiwQ jb Lvw`Rv ÿ 19 20 ÿ Lvw`Rv cö kœi mgvav bi Rb Zvi Kv Q G jb wzwb ZLb GKUv KweZv ck Ki jb hvi gg v_ cö kœi Reve evsvi Rb LyeB Dchy³ wqj Ggwb Z ej Zb h, wzwb fwel Zi Lei wkqz Rv bb bv wkš GUv Lye fvj K ib Rvb Zb h, Lye kxnªb wreivbj () Avngv` bv g (KziAvb gvrx ` gynv v` () K ÔAvngv`Õ (me P q cöksmbxq) bv gi m ^vab Kiv n q Q 5 ) GKRb bexi Kv Q gvby li gyw³i Rb Inx wb q Avm eb G NUbvi K qk eqi ci ivm~j () IqvivKv Be b bvi dj m ú K Rvb Z PvB jb ZLb Kv Q Dcweó Lvw`Rv () Reve w` jb, ÔG Z Kvb m `n bb h, wzwb Avcbv K mz e j Qb, hw`i Avcbvi beyiqv Zi cöpvi-cömv ii Av MB Zvi B š Kvj n q Q Õ G K_v ï b ivm~j () ej jb, ÔAvwg wbwðz Zv K mv`v Kvc o Ave Z ` LwQ wzwb hw` Rvnvbœv gi Awaevmx n Zb, Zvn j Zv K Ab Kvc o `LZvg Õ 6 Av ikw`b ivm~j () IqvivKvi e vcv i Av jvpbv ï b Zvi Rvbœv Z Ae v bi e vcv i mymsev` `b (hv Zv K `Lv bv n q Q) 7 wzwb Lvw`Rv ()- K Zvi e w³mz AwfÁZvi K_v ej Zb Ges Zv K AvMvgx w` bi Rb ˆZwi KiwQ jb G Kvi YB Lvw`Rv () hv wkqz bzzb ïb Zb, Zv Zv K Rvbv Zb ZLb IqvivKv welq jv K Ggb my `ifv e e vl v-we k ly Ki Zb, hv Z Lvw`Rv () mn RB eys Z cv ib Hmgq welqe Dc vc b KweZv wqj GKUv we kl i Z c~y gva g IqvivKvI KweZvi gva g Lvw`Rv ()- Gi wewfbœ cö kœi Reve w` Zb GKevi Lvw`Rv () wkqz GKw`b IqvivKv wejvj ()-Gi cvk w` q hvw Q jb wejvj () wq jb GKRb nvekx K Z`vm wzwb ivm~ ji Dci Cgvb G bwq jb Kv diiv Zv K Bmjvg ag Z vm Kivi Rb AgvbweK AZ vpvi-wbcxoy K i wejvj ()-Gi cöwz KzivBk `i Amnbxq I Amn AZ vpvi ` L wzwb e j I Vb, ÔGK! GK! Avj vni Kmg K i ejwq, Zviv hw` Zv K AvR g i d j, Avwg Aek B GUv K bvhv Zi Dcvq e j g b Kie Õ 8

Z_ cwä Avngv` Be b nv ^j, Avey Avãyj vn Avm-kvBevwb, gymbv`, 1-4, BwRÞ: gyavmmvmvz Avj-KziZzwe AvK, Lvwj` Avãyi ivngvb Avj-AvK, gvdmyavzyj ÕDhvgvB nvdjvi ivm~j, 1-3, `v gkk: `vi b bvwdm, 1991 eylvwi, Avey Avãyj vn gynv v` Be b BmgvBj Avj-eyLvwi, mnxn eylvwi, 1-4, ˆei Z : `vi Be b KvwQi, 1987 hvnvwe, gynv v` Be b Avngv` Be b Dmgvb Avh-hvnvwe, wmqvi b byevjv, 1-13, ˆei Z : gyavmmvmvz Avi-wimvjv, 1413 wn. Rvwgwj, Avm- mq`, wbmvdb nvdjvi ivm~j, Avj gvkzvevz AvZ- ZvIdxwK nvkxg, Avey Avãyjvn gynv v` Be b Avãyjvn Avb-bvBmveywi, AvjgymZv`vivK Avjvm-mnxnvBb, 1-5, ˆei Z, `vi Avj-KzZze Avj- Bjwgq v, 1990 nvjvwe, gvngỳ ZzÕgv, Avjv-gvwq`vZ Avj-AvIqvj wgb mvnvewq vz Aviivm~j, ˆei Z: `vi Avj-gvÕwidv, 2004 nvbmvwg, Avjx Be b Avey eki Avj-nvBmvwg, Avj-gvhgv Dh&hvIqvB`, 1-10, Kvq iv : `vi Avi-ivBqvb wjz-zzivm-`vi Avj-Aviwe, 1407 wn. Be b Avãyj evi, BDmyd Be b Avãyjvn Be b gynv v`, Avj-BmwZAve, 1-4, ˆei Z: `vi Avj-whj, 1412 wn. Be b Avwmi, Dm`yj Mvev, Kvq iv:`vi Avm-mve, 1970 Be b nvhvi, Avngv` Be b Avjx Avj-AvmKvjvwb, Avj-Bmvev, 1-8, ei Z : `vi Avj-whj, 1992 Be b nv v`, Avey weki gynv v` Be b Avngv`, Av`-`yiwiBqvZyZ Zvwniv, Kz qz : `vi Avm-mvjvwdBqv, 1407 wn. Be b wnkvg, Avãyj gvwjk Be b wnkvg Be b AvBqye Avj-wngBqvwi, Avm-wmivZyb beyiiqv, 1-6, ei Z : `vi Avj-whj, 1411 wn. Be b BmnvK, gynv v` Be b BmnvK Be b AveŸvm Avj-dvwKwn, Avnei g v, 1-6, ˆei Z : `vi Avj-nv`vi, 1414 wn. Be b Kvwmi, Avey Avj-wd`v, BmgvBj Be b Dgi Be b Kvwmi Av`w`gvkwK, Avj-we`Bqv Iqvb-wbnvBqv, 1-14, ˆei Z : `vi Avj-KzZze Avj-Bjwgq v, 1988 Lvw`Rv ÿ 21 22 ÿ Lvw`Rv Be b gvhvn, gynv v` Be b Bqvwh` Avj-LvhDBwb, Avm-mybvb, 1-2, ˆei Z : `vi Avj-wdKi Be b mvõ`, AvZ-ZvevKvZyj Kzeiv, 1-8, ˆei Z : `vi Avm-mvw`i Bmevnvwb, BmgvBj Be b gynv v` Be b Avj-dhj AvZ-ZvBwg Avj- Bmevnvwb, `vjvbj Avb-beyIqv (gynv v` nvïv` KZ K Av jvpbv), wiqv` : `vi AvZ- Zev, 1409 wn. gybvwe, gynv v` Avãyi idd Be b Avjx Avj-gybvwe, dvbhyj Kvw`i ki n Avj-RvwgDm mvwmi, 1-6, BwRÞ : Avj-gvKZvevZ AvZ-wZhvwiBq Z Avj-Kzeiv, 1356 wn. gymwjg, Avey Avj-ûmvBb Avj-nv¾vh Avb-bvBmveywi, mnxn gymwjg, 1-4, ˆei Z : `vi Avj-Bjnv AvZ-Zzivm Avj-Aviwe mvbvwe, Avãyj Avwhh, myiqvi g wgb nvqvwzm mvnvweq vz `yi myb Iqv Bevi, gvbmyiv : gvkzvevz Avj-Bgvg myq~wz, Avãyi ingvb Be b Avj-Kvgvj RvjvjywÏb Avm-myq~wZ, Avj- Lvmv qmyj Kzeiv, ˆei Z : `vi Avj-KzZze Avj-Bjwgq v, 1985 Zvevivwb, Avey Avj-Kvwmg gynv v` Be b Avngv` Zvevivwb, Avj-gyÕhvg Avj-Kvwei (nvgw` Be b Avãyj gvwr` Avm-mvjvwd KZ K Av jvpbv), 1-20, gvmyj : gvkzvevz Avj-Djyg Iqvj-wnKvg, 1404 wn. Zvevwi, gynv v` Be b Rvwii Be b Bqvwh` Be b Lvwj` AvZ-Zvevwi, ZvwiLyj Dgvg Iqvj gyjyk (Zvwin AvZ-Zvevwi), 1-5, ˆei Z : `vi Avj-KzZze Avj-Bjwgq v, 1407 wn. ZvIwdK, gynv v` mvwez, AvIIqvjy gvb AvmjvgvZ wgbvõb wbmv AvmmvBwq`v Lvw`Rv web Z LyIqvBwj`, wiqv` : gvkzvevz Avj-DevBKvb, 2000 wziwgwh, Avj-Rvwg Dm-mvwnn, ˆei Z : `vi BnBqv AvZ-Zzivm Avj- Aviwe Bqvgvwb, gynv v` Avãyn, D yj gyõwgwbb Lvw`Rv web Z LyIqvBwj` mvbwq`vzzb wd Kje Avj-gȳ vdv, `v gkk : gyavmmvmvz Avj-Djyg Avj-KziAvb, Z Zxq ms iy, 2002 hynwi, ZvevKvZyj Kzeiv, (Avjx gynv v` Dgi KZ K Av jvpbv), Kvq iv: gvkzvevz Avj-nvbwh, 2001 hyikvwb, ki n Avj-gvIqvwneyj jv`ywbqv, Kvq iv : `vi AvZ-wZevZ AvjwgwiBqv, 1854