Plate Tectonics. Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist

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Plate Tectonics. Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist

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Transcription:

Plate Tectonics Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist

Topics Density Structure of Earth Isostasy Sea-Floor Spreading Mechanical Structure of Earth Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics Lithospheric Plate Interactions Plate Tectonics and the Depth of the sea floor

Topics Density Structure of Earth Isostasy Sea-Floor Spreading Mechanical Structure of Earth Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics Lithospheric Plate Interactions Plate Tectonics and the Depth of the sea floor

Mechanical Structure of Earth

Mechanical Structure of Earth A different way to view the structure of Earth

To understand how the crust moves, scientists view the structure of Earth in a different way

To understand how the crust moves, scientists view the structure of Earth in a different way Geologist use this structure because the crust does not move by itself

To understand how the crust moves, scientists view the structure of Earth in a different way Geologist use this structure because the crust does not move by itself The crust and the upper mantle move as a unit

Review

Review The density structure of Earth is based on two criteria: 1. Density 2. Composition

Mechanical Structure of Earth

Mechanical Structure of Earth Use this structure when discussing plate motions

Mechanical Structure of Earth Use this structure when discussing plate motions Structure based on two criteria:

Mechanical Structure of Earth Use this structure when discussing plate motions Structure based on two criteria: 1. Strength

Mechanical Structure of Earth Use this structure when discussing plate motions Structure based on two criteria: 1. Strength 2. Viscosity

Mechanical Structure of Earth

Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers:

Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers: 1. Lithosphere

Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers: 1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere

Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers: 1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere

Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers: 1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Core

Mechanical Structure of Earth Structure of Earth based on strength and viscosity 1. Lithosphere --- outside 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Core --- inside

Mechanical Structure of Earth Structure of Earth based on strength and viscosity 1. Lithosphere --- outside 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Core --- inside

Mechanical Structure of Earth

Lithosphere

Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle

Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick

Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere

Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere Tends to resist stress to the point of fracture

Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere Tends to resist stress to the point of fracture Relatively high viscosity

Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere Tends to resist stress to the point of fracture Relatively high viscosity Relatively low temperature

Lithosphere

Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere Tends to resist stress to the point of fracture Relatively high viscosity Relatively low temperature

Isostasy The lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere

Asthenosphere

Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere

Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick

Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick Relatively weak compared to the lithosphere

Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick Relatively weak compared to the lithosphere Tends to flow when stressed

Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick Relatively weak compared to the lithosphere Tends to flow when stressed Relatively low viscosity

Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick Relatively weak compared to the lithosphere Tends to flow when stressed Relatively low viscosity Relatively high temperature

The asthenosphere is the source of magma that forms the sea floor

The mesosphere is the largest part of Earth

The mesosphere is the largest part of Earth The mesosphere is hotter but more viscous than the asthenosphere

The mesosphere is the largest part of Earth The mesosphere is hotter but more viscous than the asthenosphere The outer core is molten Fe

The mesosphere is the largest part of Earth The mesosphere is hotter but more viscous than the asthenosphere The outer core is molten Fe The inner core is solid Fe

The Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics

Next The Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics

Definition Back

Definition Viscosity - measure of the resistance to flow Back

Definition Viscosity - measure of the resistance to flow For example, water has a low viscosity, it flows easily Back

Definition Viscosity - measure of the resistance to flow For example, water has a low viscosity, it flows easily Glass has a high viscosity, it strongly resists flow Back

Mechanical Structure of Earth