Impact of Tropical Cyclones - Malaysia's Experience ALUI BAHARI MALAYSIAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
SCOPE Introduction Case Studies of Tropical Cyclones Impacting Malaysia Issues and Challenges Strategies for Improvement Conclusion
Main Meteorological Offices (10) RMAF Gong Kedak RMAF Butterworth Bayan Lepas Kota Kinabalu Labuan Subang KLIA RMAF Kuantan Central Forecast Office Petaling Jaya Kuching KLIA Meteorological Office Central Forecasting Office Gong Kedak Meteorological Office
Dissemination of Advisories/Warnings on Tropical Cyclones SMS TV Broadcast RTM1 - Selamat Pagi 1Malaysia & Regional News TV Crawler Radio Broadcast(Light FM, Radio 24 etc.) Facsimile(All disaster management agencies) Mass Media (Print and Electronic) Web page: www.met.gov.my Social Media Network Facebook: www.facebook.com/malaysiamet Twitter: twitter.com/#!/malaysianmet
Case Studies of Tropical Cyclones Impacting Malaysia
Mean path of West Pacific originated Tropical Cyclone 1980-2005 It is clear that Malaysia is not in the typhoon track path
Previous Tropical Cyclones Impacting Malaysia There were two tropical storms that had direct impacts on Malaysia : 1) In December 1996, Tropical Storm Greg hit Sabah. 2) Typhoon Vamei landed on southwest Johor in December 2001
TS Greg : What actually happened? An example of Fujiwhara Effect between TS Greg and Typhoon Fern
Tropical Storms : Greg Typhoon:FERN It is hypothesized that the strong westerly winds to the south of Greg provided the flow asymmetry responsible for its eastward motion. This factor plus the existence of the large circulation of Fern (42W) to Greg's northeast were cited as possible sources of the east-southeast movement of Greg.
Tropical Storm Greg (NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Wind) NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Wind shows maximum wind of 30 knot off coast Sabah on 1400LT 25 December 1996
Tropical Storm Greg (NCEP/NCAR Surface Precipitation Rate) NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Precipitation Rate during TS Greg showed continuous heavy rain as the storm approach SW of Sabah state.
30.0 Hourly Rainfall of Meteorology Station Kota Kinabalu, Sabah from 24-26 December 1996 26.6 Rainfall Amount (mm) 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.7 10.0 7.3 5.0 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.6 0.10.2 0.70.9 1.0 3.5 3.0 1.4 2.1 1.3 1.1 4.3 4.6 3.5 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 00 08 12 16 20 00/24 08 12 16 20 00/24 08 12 16 20 23 Amount of Rainfall 24/12/1996 25/12/1996 26/12/1996 2.0 0.9 Hour (UTC
Wind Speed 30 (Knot) Wind Speed Observation at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Meteorological Station from 24 26 December 1996 27 25 25 Wind 20 17 17 18 15 13 15 14 14 10 11 12 09 08 5 05 05 06 0 24/12/1996 25/12/1996 26/12/1996 02 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00/24 02 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00/24 02 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Hour (UTC +8) 00/24
Impacts of Tropical Storm Greg Greg moved into Sabah at around 25/1600Z (Christmas night), depositing heavy rains that triggered floods and caused rivers to overflow their banks. The storm affected a total of 17,000 people from 226 villages along Sabah south west coast. It destroyed 4,925 houses and killed 230 people (as reported at that time) Tropical Storm Greg is the most devastating Tropical storm that ever hit Malaysia with an estimated economic loss around USD 280 million.
Impacts of Tropical Storm Greg The affected Pegalan River, Keningau. Heavy rain from Greg cause it to flood with enormous volume of water and mud.
Impacts of Tropical Storm Greg Limbawan village is one of the most affected during TS Gred
Typhoon Vamei : Rare Typhoon of the Equator? Satellite imagery of Typhoon Vamei on 27 th December 2001 This rare event was first detected by observations of typhoon strength winds from a US navy ship, and the existence of an eye structure was confirmed by satellite and radar imageries
Singapore Doppler Radar Imageries on 27 December 2001 Radar imageries show Typhoon Vamei intense rain echoes as it hit Singapore and southern Johore, Malaysia
Typhoon Vamei : Rare Typhoon of the Equator? Typhoon Vamei track shows the Typhoon path
Surface wind from NCEP / NCAR reanalysis Surface wind reanalysis at 00z and 12 z on 27 th December 2001 Wind speed (knot) Wind speed (knot) Typhoon Vamei Vortex
Precipitation rate from NCEP / NCAR Reanalysis at 00z,06z and 18z on 27 th December 2001 Precipitation Rate (kg/m/s 2 )
Typhoon Vamei : What cause it? A strong cold surge event interacting with the Borneo vortex led to the equatorial development. As pointed out by Chang et al(2003), the most intriguing question is not how Vamei could form so close to the equator, but is why such a formation was not observed before then. In other words, such a near-equatorial typhoon may recur in the future.
Impacts of Typhoon Vamei Causes flood in SE part of Johore Typhoon Vamei claimed 5 casualties. Estimated economic loss around USD 4.2 million.
60.0 Amount Rain (mm) Hourly Rainfall of Meteorology Station Senai, Johore from 24-28 December 2001 56.4 Rainfall Amount 50.0 40.0 41.4 30.0 26.5 25.0 20.0 18.8 10.0 6.1 4.6 2.5 2.5 1.6 0.0 00 06 12 18 00/24 06 12 18 00/24 06 12 18 00/24 06 12 18 00/24 06 12 18 23 Hour (UTC +8) 24/12/2001 25/12/2001 26/12/2001 27/12/2001 28/12/2001
16 Wind Speed (Knot) Wind Speed Observation at Senai, Johore Meteorological Station from 24 28 December 2001 14 14 12 13 13 12 13 11 11 11 10 08 06 02 00 06 06 03 03 00 08 02 07 12 10 10 09 16 07 06 06 20 05 03 00/24 05 06 05 05 10 03 08 09 06 12 09 09 08 08 08 07 16 20 03 03 03 00/24 01 06 00 09 10 08 08 10 10 08 12 08 07 09 07 06 06 03 02 01 06 05 03 07 08 0707 06 10 10 07 07 06 05 09 10 06 03 01 03 03 01 07 06 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 24/12/2001 25/12/2001 26/12/2001 27/12/2001 28/12/2001 16 20 00/24 08 12 16 20 00/24 08 12 16 02 20 03 02 01 00/24 000 Hour (UTC +8)
Local newspaper coverage TROPICAL STORM VAMEI 27 DEC 2001
CHALLENGES Inadequate coverage of observational stations: automatic weather and marine stations. Disruption in information dissemination system particularly SMS and Internet during peak season/ hours. Huge cost of acquiring and maintaining observational instruments and systems. Low level of awareness on disaster due to limited capacity and resources to educate the public.
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT Establishing observational stations at strategic locations and upgrading existing ones. Operationalization of advanced numerical models especially high resolution storm surge and wave models. Enhancing the dissemination of warnings through various telecommunication channels. Conducting regular disaster awareness programs.
Severe Weather Awareness Programs EXHIBITIONS DIALOGUES COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION MEDIA SESSIONS
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT Identify risk areas and propose to the local authority to produce inundation maps for high risk zones. Colloboration with local authority involved in disaster management on data sharing and local and international agencies on tropical cyclone research.
Thank You alui@met.gov.my www.met.gov.my
SONAMU: JTWC 06 JAN 2013/06Z 32
SONAMU: JTWC 07 JAN 2013/06Z 33
SONAMU: JTWC 08 JAN 2013/00Z 34
SONAMU: JTWC 08 JAN 2013/18Z 35
IMEJ SATELIT TERKINI MTSAT INFRARED 36
IMEJ SATELIT TERKINI MTSAT INFRARED 37
Tropical Storm SONAMU 2013 NSC called special meeting (5 Jan 2013) Disaster Management Agencies on standby Expected landfall over east coast of Peninsular TS Sunamu dissipated over South China Sea