State of the River: Geomorphic Structure Josh Wyrick, Ph.D. UC Davis 1
Geomorphic Structure Methodology Data Collection (topography, rating curve, hydraulics, substrate, vegetation & cover) GIS-Based Analyses DEM Map Production 2D Hydrodynamic Modeling Valley Characteristics Topographic Change Analysis Sediment Budget Change Processes Hydraulics Depth & Velocity Wetted Areas Morphological Units Integration with Biological Datasets 2
DEM Map Production Dry Creek Hammon Backwater 3
DEM Differences Map flow 4
Sediment Budget 26-ft DPD 58-67 years since Englebright Net Fill Net Scour Max erosion ~19 mi from mouth (~4 mi d/s from Englebright) 45% of current export from Timbuctoo Bend Flow Segment Net Scour = 0.6 million ft 3 /y 5
Long-Term Thalweg Adjustment Allan James, 2012 Profiles extracted from 3-m DEM interpolated from contour maps Thalweg upstream of DPD has adjusted. ~85% of scour volume occurred out of channel 6
Topographic Change Processes Map Spatial patterns of scour/fill & 1999/2008 channels 9 Scour processes; 9 Fill processes; No Change areas 9 Lateral processes; 9 Vertical processes 7
Topographic Change Processes Tailings berm Vertical Annual Volume (%) Area of Change (%) Lateral 30 18 Vertical 70 82 Fill 49 58 Lateral 18 13 Lateral Vertical 82 87 Vertical processes dominate overall. Vertical processes are net fill. Lateral processes are net scour. Both fill and scour processes are net vertical. Scour 51 42 Lateral 42 25 Vertical 58 75 8
Topographic Change Processes In Channel Changes in Depth Process Annual Volume % Process Average (in/year) Downcutting 10.4 Bar Emergence 6.4 In-Channel Fill 2.8 VS LF VF Cohesive Bank Retreat Berm Scour & Mass Failure - 12.6-11.6 LS LS Out of Channel Avulsion - 9.4 VS Process Annual Volume % Overbank Scour 19.2 VS Overbank Storage 18.0 VF Vegetated Overbank Storage 15.7 VF 9
Vegetation & Roughness Map 10
Substrate Map DPD 11
Substrate Characteristics Mean Diameter = 97.4 mm Typical range of Chinook spawning gravels 12
Post-New Bullards Bar Hydrology Baseflow: 880 cfs (Smartsville) 530 cfs (Marysville) Timbuctoo Bend at 5,000 cfs (Feb, 2004) 13
2D Hydrodynamic Model Inputs Validation 14
Hydraulics Maps 15
Inundation Maps 16
Transience of High Velocity Zones flow flow 17
Channel Characteristics Alluvial Valley Mean Slope = 0.16% 0.31% 0.20% 0.19% 0.14% 0.052% 0.13% 0.18% 18
Channel Characteristics Mean Sinuosity = 1.1 Value Sinuosity < 1.2 Low 1.2 < S < 1.5 Moderate > 1.5 High Sinuosity = Stream Length Centerline Length 19
Valley Characteristics Mean Entrenchment Ratio = 2.7 Dam Goldfields Ratio Entrenchment < 1.4 High 1.4 < ER < 2.2 Moderate > 2.2 Slight 20
Valley Characteristics Reach Englebright Dam Timbuctoo Bend Baseflow Width (ft) Bankfull Width (ft) Valley Width (ft) 120 169 415 205 273 544 Parks Bar 199 307 976 Dry Creek 248 419 1,009 Daguerre Point Dam 197 379 1,472 Hallwood 183 330 889 Marysville 174 231 562 The available river meander valley may be narrower in the region of the Goldfields as compared to historic extents; however, currently the Dry Creek and DPD reaches are the widest of all the reaches at all discharges. LYR MEAN 195 319 968 21
Morphological Unit Map 22
Morphological Unit Map 23
Morphological Unit Organization Abundance within Baseflow Non-random Organization Reach Abundant MU MU Area % Englebright Pool 41 Timbuctoo Pool 20 Parks Bar Riffle 19 Dry Creek DPD Fast glide & Slackwater Riffle transition 18 28 Hallwood Fast glide 20 Marysville Pool 52 Lateral Variability Adjacency Collocation Longitudinal Distribution Longitudinal Spacing 24
MUs and Valley Characteristics Morphological unit Water surface slope (%) Ratio of baseflow wetted width to mean width Entrenchment ratio Mean % < 1.4 % > 2.2 chute 0.416 0.47 2.6 14.8 66.7 fast glide 0.038 0.96 3.1 4.7 72.3 pool 0.013 0.93 2.4 20.9 37.5 riffle 0.765 0.94 2.6 10.3 65.3 riffle transition 0.124 1.14 3.3 4.1 84.3 run 0.118 0.78 3.2 2.4 89.2 slackwater 0.027 1.58 1.8 0 0 slow glide 0.030 1.00 2.6 14.3 42.9 HIGHEST LOWEST 25
MUs and Habitat Availability Life Stage: Holding Spawning Rearing MU: Pool Riffle; Run; Slow Glide; Riffle Transition Slackwater Reach Percent Areas of Baseflow Channel Englebright 52 9 32 Timbuctoo 9 37 32 Parks Bar 5 48 27 Dry Creek 7 36 34 DPD 8 48 22 Hallwood 20 38 25 Marysville 41 19 28 Total LYR 16 37 28 26
MUs and Chinook Spawning ~76% of Chinook redds occur in these 3 MUs MU % Redds Riffle 39.5 Riffle Transition 18.5 Run 18.4 Fast Glide 9.3 Chute 4.0 Slow Glide 3.4 Slackwater 1.9 Lateral Bar 1.6 Point Bar 0.6 Pool 0.5 Medial Bar 0.2 Unknown* 2.0 27
MUs and Juvenile Rearing Habitat 400-ft sections (~2W) were randomly chosen for juvenile snorkel surveys. Snorkel survey area The percent MU abundance in each section equaled the reach-scale percentage. 28
MUs and Cover Elements Wood Pieces Wood Jams Human-Built Detritus 29
Publicly Available Maps from RMT Vetted & Available Now Topography Inundation zones Geomorphic reaches Vegetation LiDAR Vegetation presence/absence 2D model-predicted hydraulics for flows between 300-110,400 cfs Morphological units Available Soon Substrate DEM difference Topographic change process Chinook spawning HSI for discharges 300-5,000 cfs O Mykiss spawning HSI for discharges 300-5,000 cfs Cover 30
Acknowledgements RMT Members UC Davis Lab Greg Pasternack Tarick Abu-Aly Rusty Barker Jen Carley Nick Depsky Dylan Garner Bobby Gonzalez Mathew Jian Leah Kammel Rafael Rodriguez Anne Senter Michael Strom Matt Vaughan Sooyeon Yi 31