6 th Grade Science Midterm Study Guide Due February 5 th * Midterm Date: February 9th (Tuesday) * Midterm will consist of 50 multiple choice questions (about 10 per chapter) YOU MUST DEFINE THE KEY TERMS ON A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER Key Terms CHAPTER 3 - Minerals Mineral Element Compound Atom Crystal Silicate Nonsilicate Inorganic Luster Streak Cleavage Fracture Hardness Density Reclamation Concepts/Skills List the four characteristics that define a mineral (not the properties to identify) 1. 2. 3. 4. Silicate minerals make up % of the Earth s crust, the remaining % are nonsilicate minerals. and are common examples of silicate minerals Six classes of Nonsilicate Minerals and an example of each Class Name Example
Why is color not often used to identify an unknown mineral? A piece of unglazed is often used as a streak plate. Two types of luster include, which appears shiny and reflects light well, and, which appears dull and reflects light poorly. A common mineral with a Mohs hardness scale of 1 is a. A common mineral with a Mohs hardness scale of 10 is a. Special properties of minerals may include: (glows under UV light), (can be detected by a Geiger counter), and (act as natural magnets). Why is reclamation an important part of the mining process? Key Terms CHAPTER 4 - Rocks Rock Rock Cycle Magma Composition Texture Igneous Rock Strata Sedimentary Rock Law of Superposition Metamorphic Rock Foliated Intrusive Nonfoliated Extrusive
Concepts/Skills What are three ways that humans (both ancient and present day) use(d) rocks? Locate the arrows on the diagram, and write that geologic process on the corresponding table 1 4 2 5 3 6
Three types of texture include:, which all grains are very small and difficult to see,, which some grains are visible, and, which most grains are large and easy to see. Magma (and lava) freeze at temperatures ranging from 0 C to 0 C Three factors that can lead to a rock melting into magma include:,, and. Light-colored igneous rocks are described as ; whereas, darkcolored igneous rocks are described as. -grained igneous rocks are because magma cools slowly inside the Earth. -grained igneous rocks are because lava cools quickly on the Earth s surface. According to the Law of Superposition would a fossil found near the surface be younger than a fossil found further down in the ground? Explain. Three types of sedimentary rock include:, which are form from fragments of other rocks and minerals,, which form from solutions of minerals and water, and, which form from the remains of organisms that once lived in the ocean. Metamorphic comes from meta, meaning changed, and morphos, meaning shape. One way a rock changes shape is through metamorphism, which relies on a nearby heat source such as magma. Another way rock changes shape is through metamorphism, which relies on a tremendous amount of pressure due to Earth s tectonic plates
CHAPTER 7 Plate Tectonics Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Tectonic Plate Continental Drift Sea-floor Spreading Convergent Divergent Transform Subduction Boundary Boundary Boundary Compression Tension Folding Fault Pangaea Stress Concepts/Skills Scientists describe the Earth based on (three layers) or (five layers). The crust is layer of our Earth and it contains (less dense) and (more dense) Earth s mantle accounts for % of its mass. Earth s core is made mostly of and some. Tectonic plates make up the and float on the. Earth s core is a liquid layer; whereas, Earth s core is solid and dense. Why are we unable to drill (or dig) deep into the Earth? How were the outer core and inner core discovered then? came up with the theory of continental drift in the early 1900s.
List the four kinds of evidence that helped prove continental drift. 1. 2. 3. 4. Pangaea existed nearly million years ago. Soon after it broke into two large land masses named (which included North America, Europe, and Asia) and (which included South America, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica) Henry Hess discovered - which occurs at mid-ocean ridges and results in new lithosphere being created. During this process crust is found near the mid-ocean ridge and crust is found near the edges of continents. Three possible driving forces of Plate Tectonics and a brief description (7-3) Driving Force Description Most tectonic plates are believed to move about cm per year (comparable to the rate at which our fingernails grow). Three types of folding include: (oldest rocks found near the center), (youngest rocks found near the center), and (similar to steps) Three types of faults include: (hanging wall moves down footwall) (hanging wall moves up footwall), and (hanging wall moves laterally (sideways) to footwall).
CHAPTER 8 - Earthquakes Seismology Deformation Elastic Rebound Seismic Waves P Waves S Waves Surface Waves Seismologist Seismograph Seismogram Epicenter Focus Richter Scale Magnitude Frequency Concepts/Skills What are two types of deformation? Which type leads to earthquakes? Two main types of seismic waves include and waves. The first main type of wave can be broken down into and waves. waves stand for either (how fast they travel) or (how they move). These types of waves can travel through both solids and liquids. waves stand for either (how fast they travel) or (how they move). These types of waves cannot travel through. waves cause the most damage to buildings because of their motion that shakes the ground like a roller coaster. Briefly explain the S-P Time Method. What is the minimal (least) amount of seismographs that are required?
The scale measures an earthquake s magnitude on a scale of to. Each step on the scale is times bigger than the one below it. The Mercalli Scale measures how much is caused by an earthquake (not just the strength). Briefly explain the relationship between an earthquake s magnitude and its frequency (how often it occurs). List the five kinds of earthquake resistant technology used in buildings (8-3) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. CHAPTER 9 Volcanoes Volcano Vent Magma Chamber Lava Crater Caldera Lava Viscosity Plateau Mantle Extinct Dormant Tiltmeter Plume (slope) Pyroclastic Material Hot Spots Concepts/Skills A volcanic eruption is nearly times more powerful than the first atomic bomb. eruptions are the most common type of eruption. Lava that has highs levels of or would generally lead to an explosive eruption.
List the four types of lava and provide a brief description 1. 2. 3. 4. List the four types of pyroclastic material and provide a brief description 1. 2. 3. 4. Three types of volcanoes, a brief description, and an example Volcano Description Example What is the Ring of Fire and where is it located? are areas away from plate boundaries in which volcanoes occur. Volcanoes can described as (no eruptions in recorded history), (no eruptions in 200+ years), and List the four items scientists use to predict volcanic eruptions 1. 2. 3. 4.