NASA Disasters Program: Response, Recovery, Mitigation and Resilience Dalia Kirschbaum, PhD NASA Disaster Response Coordinator Dalia.kirschbaum@nasa.gov https://disasters.nasa.gov
NASA s Earth Observation Fleet
NASA Earth Science Missions: Currently Operating New Missions: - ICESat-II (Sep 2018) - Grace-FO (Launched May 2018)
Find Launch: new mission Launch: slide and Late 2018 May 2018 update Launch: September 2018 Launch: 2021 Launch: 2020 Launch: 2020-21
NASA Disaster Response: Science for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Regional Support Planning Education Training Monitoring Monitoring Natural Laboratories/ Observatories Pre-Disaster Baseline Assessment Prediction and Forecast Detection Recovery Observatory Rapid Assessment - Response Data Collection & Input Modeling, Mapping Continual Assessment Rapid Assessment - Recovery Post Disaster Needs Assessment Post-Disaster Baseline Detailed Assessment 6
NASA Disasters Program The Disasters Program collect data, and in combination with NASA scientists, academic partners, and international collaborators, provides produces for situational awareness and decision support. Utilizing the various NASA centers and their resources, a robust response program has been assembled to respond to various disasters worldwide Meteorological (hurricanes, tornadoes) Hydrological (heavy rain/flood) Geophysical (earthquakes, volcanoes)
Observing the lifecycle of an event: Hurricane Maria, 2017
Rainfall totals over the islands NASA's Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) data were used to estimate the total amount of rain that Hurricane Maria dropped from September 17 to early September 21, 2017. During that period Maria dropped heavy rain in the Leeward Islands, Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. IMERG estimated that rainfall totals greater than 10 inches (254 mm) were common along Maria's track. IMERG rainfall estimates indicated that more than 20 inches (512 mm) of rain fell over a large part of Puerto Rico.
Response Support for Maria Texas (Harvey) Puerto Rico Damage Proxy Map (Hurricane Maria) Florida (Irma) Puerto Rico (Maria) Dominica (Maria) FEMA used ARIA map for its Urban Search and Rescue team in Puerto Rico NASA / JPL-Caltech / ARIA contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2017) European Space Agency Google Earth NASA s ARIA team generated and delivered flood and damage proxy maps using satellite SAR imagery. A damage proxy map of Puerto Rico devastated by Hurricane Maria was generated using SAR data from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites (operated by the European Space Agency) acquired on 21 September was delivered on 22 September to FEMA. FEMA created a damage density map derived from the ARIA damage proxy map and sent it to its Urban Search and Rescue teams in the field in Puerto Rico a breakthrough societal impact
Pinpointing Where the Lights Went Out in Puerto Rico Before-and-after images of Puerto Rico s nighttime lights are based on data captured by the Suomi NPP satellite. The data were acquired by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) day-night band, which detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared. These data were provided to the National Guard and other partners to determine where to focus efforts to install generators and aided in the response efforts.
Observing Kilauea Volcano The Kilauea Volcano eruption in Hawaii triggered a number of gas- and lava-oozing fissures in the East Rift Zone of the volcano. The fissures and high levels of sulfur dioxide gas prompted evacuations in the area. Images taken from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) onboard NASA s Terra satellite picked up these new fissures on May 6 th. These data are being used to characterize potential impacts and exposure. Sulfur dioxide plumes New Fissures Old Lava flows Credits: NASA/METI/AIS T/Japan Space Systems, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team https://disasters.nasa.gov/kilauea-hawaii-eruption-2018/nasa-aster-satellite-images-show-fissures-hawaii-volcano
Examining Kilauea s fissures
Aerial overpasses of main eruption areas: Glisten-III Glacier and Ice Surface Topography Interferometer (GLISTIN)
Examining Kilauea plume height Credit: NASA Earth Observatory
GPM Rainfall used to observe monsoon rainfall near dam breach in Laos The Challenge: Unique Features: A hydroelectric dam under construction in southeast Laos collapsed late Monday July 23rd in the Attapeu province of Sanamxay district. The collapse has left hundreds missing and an unknown number dead as water went gushing into six villages. Approximately 6,600 people have been left homeless as the result of the flood. he dam, which was under construction and not yet in operation collapsed after heavy monsoon rains in the area. ADPC produced quick time series analysis of GPM satellite precipitation data, comparing with data from the Hydo and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII). Observations matched well with the GPM IMERG data, where daily rainfall was estimated up to 300 mm/day in the days leading up to the dam breach during the period 15-25 July. Visualization credit: ADPC/Pin Credit: ADPC
http://www.eastbysoutheast.com/ Laos Dam Flooding July 2018 On July 25, 2018, the Sentinel-1 satellite from the European Space Agency (ESA) Copernicus program captured a clear image of the collapsed Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy dam and resulting floods. The imagery within the map viewer shows a drastic drop in the reservoir level, the impacts of which were felt on villages downstream. JULY 13th NASA and SERVIR-Mekong processed satellite imagery to estimate the extent of the flooded areas, particularly along the Xe Pian River and village of Sanamxai along the Xe Khong River in Attapeu province. JULY 25th
Mapping water extents Before - ESA Sentinel-1 satellite collected data on 25 July 2017 - The Alaska Satellite Facility, a NASA DAAC, collaborated to provide imagery to MSFC Disasters and SERVIR for their analysis Flood Mappind https://disasters.nasa.gov/laos-dam-failure Pre-RGB Post-RGB 18
Mapping water extents After End-users compiled data from NASA and other sources into a web GIS viewer for easy viewing: SERVIR-Mekong Web Viewer Flooded area https://disasters.nasa.gov/laos-dam-failure 19
Flood Damage Assessment System Activated for July 25th Laos Dam Break Dam location Flooded land PI: John Bolten (NASA GSFC) Project Scientists: Perry Oddo (NASA GSFC), Aakash Ahamed (Stanford U.) Photo: EPA ; Contributors: NASA SERVIR, NASA MSFC, U. of Houston, SIG, ADPC 20
Flood Damage Assessment System Activated for July 25th Laos Dam Break By the Numbers >3,740 people impacted 1,349 buildings 373 km of affected roads $54 million (USD) of potential damage to infrastructure and land cover PI: John Bolten (NASA GSFC) Project Scientists: Perry Oddo (NASA GSFC), Aakash Ahamed (Stanford U.) Photo: EPA ; Contributors: NASA SERVIR, NASA MSFC, U. of Houston, SIG, ADPC 21
NASA Disaster Website: https://disasters.nasa.gov
https://maps.disasters.nasa.gov
Near real-time products
Thank you! Resources Disaster Webpage: https://disasters.nasa.gov Disaster Mapping Portal: https://maps.disasters.nasa.gov LANCE Near real-time data and imagery: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observationdata/near-real-time NASA Earth Observatory: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/