Himawari 8: Experiences and Lessons Learned Daisaku Uesawa Meteorological Satellite Center (MSC) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) IPET SUP 2, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, 23 26 FEBRUARY 2016 1
Himawari-8 operation initiated at 02:00 UTC on 7 th July 2015. 2
Himawari 8/9 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) solar panel communication antennas Geostationary position Attitude control Communication Around 140.7 E 3 axis attitude controlled geostationary satellite 1) Raw observation data transmission Ka band, 18.1 18.4 GHz (downlink) 2) DCS International channel 402.0 402.1 MHz (uplink) Domestic channel 402.1 402.4 MHz (uplink) Transmission to ground segments Ka band, 18.1 18.4 GHz (downlink) 3) Telemetry and command Ku band, 12.2 12.75 GHz (downlink) 13.75 14.5 GHz (uplink) Himawari 8 began operation on 7 July 2015, replacing the previous MTSAT 2 operational satellite. MTSAT 2 observation parallel to Himawari 8 will terminate on 24 March 2016 at 00 UTC. Himawari 9 is planning to be launched in 2016 to be backup. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 MTSAT 1R MTSAT 2 operation standby standby operation standby Himawari 8 Himawari 9 a package purchase manufacture manufacture launch launch operation standby standby operation standby 3
Himawari 8/9 Data Dissemination/Distribution Himawari 8/9 Communication Satellite (CS) HimawariCast users will need to prepare for the transition from JCSAT 2A to JCSAT 2B during a dual operation period (approximately one week) of JCSAT 2A and JCSAT 2B. For up to date information, see http://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/en/himawari89/himawari _cast/himawari_cast.html raw data HimawariCast service HRIT files, SATAID files C band antenna LNB CS Operator All imagery (full data) DVB S2 receiver PC & software JMA HimawariCloud service NMHSs Users 4
Timeline of HimawariCloud HSF Imagery data Distribution time is rounded in minutes based on the past record at "peak time" (local noon after spring equinox) Time (min) Himawari-8 Observation/ Raw Image Processing at Ground Station Level1 Image Processing at JMA/MSC HSF Imagery Transfer from JMA/MSC to HimawariCloud Vendor 50 0 10 level 0 2 min. 4min. Distribution 10 of the HSF Imagery into 10 Segments 16 band data files are included in each segment HSF Imagery ready to pull from HimawariCloud 7min. 4 5 min. The first Segment Imagery Data will be ready to be pulled within 7 min. after observation start time (the last Segment within 4 5 min. after observation end time) 5
Timeline of HimawariCast HRIT Imagery data Dissemination time is rounded in minutes based on the past record at "peak time" (local noon before spring equinox) Time (min) 50 00 10 Himawari 8 Observation Raw Imagery: Transfer from Receiving Station to JMA/MSC HRIT Imagery: Transfer from JMA/MSC to HimawariCast Vendor level 0 Dissemination of the HRIT Imagery into 10 Segments 14 band data files are included in each segment HRIT Imagery: Uplink from HimawariCast Vendor to Telecommunication Satellite HRIT Imagery: Downlink from Telecommunication Satellite to HimawariCast Receiving System after decoded 8 min. 7min. The first segment data is to be disseminated within 8 min. after observation start time (the last segment data within 7 min. after observation end time) 6
Image Navigation for band 13 (10.4µm) Himawari 8 Image Navigation accuracy estimated from coast line analysis Image navigation accuracy is mostly less than 0.3 pixel Scale: one pixel See Okuyama et al. (2015) for details. 7
Validation of IR Bands Calibration based on GSICS inter calibration Radiance Tb Bias Brightness Temp. (Tb) Tb Bias * Standard Radiance was calculated under clear sky condition over the ocean in nighttime by RTTOV 11.2 with US standard atmosphere (1976) See Okuyama et al. (2015) for details. 8
Himawari Operation Status and Imagery Calibration/Navigation Monitoring Himawari 8 Operation Status Imagery Calibration Imagery Navigation http://www.jma net.go.jp/msc/en/index.html 9
RGBs from Himawari 8 AHI Natural Color Day Microphysics Night Microphysics True Color Day Snow Fog Day Convective Storm Dust Airmass http://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/data/himawari/sat_img.php?area=fd_ 10
High resolution Cloud Analysis Information (HCAI) Latitude-Longitude grid in 0.02 degree; nearly equal to full resolution of IR bands Provides cloud mask, type and top height Produced hourly Provided to NMHSs: Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Vietnam (in progress) ATBD to be published in March 2016 Cloud Mask Cloud Top Height Clear Mixed Cloud 11
Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV) Assimilated into NWP Produced hourly Provided to NWP centers via GTS since 3 July 2015 MTSAT-2 AMV will terminate on 24 March 2016 at 00 UTC 12
Clear Sky Radiance (CSR) Assimilated into NWP Produced hourly Provided to NWP centers via GTS since 3 July 2015 MTSAT-2 CSR will terminate on 24 March 2016 at 00 UTC. ATBD to be published in March 2016 13
Introducing VOLCAT into JMA/MSC Case: Kuchinoerabujima, Japan, 29 May 2015 Ash Top Height AOD Eruption Column over 31400FT (9600 m a.s.l.) 14
AOMSUC 6 Tokyo, Japan, 9 13 November 2015 Over 170 attendees from 37 countries, incl. scientists, satellite users and operators. Three days of plenary sessions and two days of training. The plenary sessions featured 26 country reports from NMHSs. The meeting summary and all presentation materials are provided at http://www.jma net.go.jp/msc/en/aomsuc6/index.html 15
Training course for NMHSs with HimawariCast receiving system (a) (b) (c) (a) and (b) at Bangladesh. (c) at Malaysia. JMA is offering a technical training course for Himawari 8 data utilization to NMHSs with HimawariCast receiving system. The NHMSs include nine countries in RA II and RA V (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Micronesia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Tuvalu and Viet Nam), which have installed their receiving systems through a WMOmanaged project with the help of JMA. 16
Lessons Learned 1/3 High data volume The multi band, high frequency and high resolution observations of Himawari 8 results a dramatic increase in data volume compared to previous meteorological satellites. Some NMHSs have difficulties to obtain Himawari 8 full spec data in real time with satisfactory speed through HimawariCloud, which requires high speed Internet. Therefore, JMA is providing alternative data distribution/dissemination services such as HimawariCast via a communication satellite. This implies that ensuring an environment for data distribution, processing and storage is critically important for data provider and users of new generation meteorological satellites. 17
Lessons Learned 2/3 Parallel observation/data distribution MTSAT 2 has been a backup satellite since Himawari 8 became operational on 7 July 2015. JMA will maintain MTSAT 2 observation and its data/product distribution parallel to Himawari 8 until 24 March 2016. The 9 month parallel distribution has been helpful to users in the transition from MTSAT 2 to Himawari 8. A long time parallel distribution would be crucial because some users may take times to start to use data from new generation meteorological satellites. 18
Lessons Learned 3/3 Collaboration on product development It is recognized from AOMSUC 6 that some NMHSs in RA II and RA V have already used satellite data extensively and others show willingness to develop products from Himawari 8 data by themselves. It would become more important to create a scheme for encouraging cooperation on product development between satellite operators and users. 19
Himawari Publication by JMA/MSC staff Bessho, K., K. Date, M. Hayashi, A. Ikeda, T. Imai, H. Inoue, Y. Kumagai, T. Miyakawa, H. Murata, T. Ohno, A. Okuyama, R. Oyama, Y. Sasaki, Y. Shimazu, K. Shimoji, Y. Sumida, M. Suzuki, H. Taniguchi, H. Tsuchiyama, D. Uesawa, H. Yokota, and R. Yoshida, 2016: An introduction to Himawari 8/9 Japan's newgeneration geostationary meteorological satellites. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 94, doi:10.2151/jmsj.2016 009. Okuyama, A., A. Andou, K. Date, K. Hosaka, N. Mori, H. Murata, T. Tabata, M. Takahashi, R. Yoshino, K. Bessho, 2015: Preliminary validation of Himawari 8/AHI navigation and calibration, Proc. SPIE 9607, Earth Observing Systems XX, 96072E (8 September 2015); doi: 10.1117/12.2188978 Himawari 8 product ATBDs (MSC Technical Note, no. 61) http://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/en/product/library/note/index.html (To be published in March 2016) 20