Ckvemapw. BhnjvImckzmX{ yhpw - PDF Free Download

Ckvemapw. BhnjvImckzmX{ yhpw lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv hnh Ø\w: auehn apl-ωzv Ckvam-bo Be- pg F v.f

Islamum Avishkaaraswaathatryavum Malayalam Translation of : Islam aur Azadi Zameer Translated by: Published by: Moulvi Mohammad Ismail Alleppey H.A Nazarat Nashr-o-Isha at Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya Qadian, Punjab, 143516, INDIA First Edition: 2015 Printed at: Fazl-e-Umar Printing Press, Qadian ISBN:

Ckvemapw BhnjvImckzmX{ yhpw

hnj-bhn-h-c-ßƒ temi-k-am-[m\ ÿm]-\-øn\v A m-lp-hns {]hm-n-i- msc BZ-cn pi...11 AlvaZn-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWcoXn...23 Ckveman\pw \_n-bv p-sa-xn-cn-ep-ff KqVm-tem-N\ XS-tb- Xv hmkvzø ako-lv...23 \_n(-k)-bpss DZmØ Pohn-I-am-XrI temika w ka ]n- pi...26 Im q {]kn oicwøns\xnsc PamAØns s]s - p-ff {]Xn-I-cWw...29 AlvaZn sndp- - m ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-cm-hWw...31 ]XmI IØn- p- -Xp-sIm v \_n-bpss A kv \ne-\n-ev n...33 Hcp AlvaZn-bpsS bym Y {]Xn-I-cWw Fßs\?...33 ZpxJsØ {]m Y\-bpsS A n- hm sø-sp- pi; A[n-I-ambn kzemøv snm pi...34 a p-f-f-h-cpss hnim-c-ßƒ sim v Ifn- p- Xv P\m-[n-]-Xy-a, Bhn-jv m-c-kzm-x-{ y-hp-a...35 \_n(k) sb \nµn p Xv sszh-tim-]-sø Pzen- n pw...35 Cu Ah-ÿ-bn AlvaZn-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F m-bn-cn- Ww?...36 AapkveowI-tfmSp \ coxnbn s]cp-amdpi...37 \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss Ckvemw hncp- -tcm-sp-ff amxr-im-]-c-amb s]cp-am w...37 Ckvemw hmƒ sim hym]n- Xv...40 hy nkzmx{ yhpw,\oxnbpw \_n(-k)-bpss DZmØ amxri...41 5

am\p-jn-i- aqeyßfpw, ax-k-ln-jv-wp-xbpw \_n(k)xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss \nkvxpe amxri...48 azo-\-bnse blq-zn-i-fp-ambn kam-[m\ DS-ºSn...49 ax-kzm-x-{ yhpw \Pvdm Im v -A-`b ]{Xn-Ibpw...51 kam-[m\ ÿm]-\-øn\pw sx p-[m-cw ZqcoI-cn- p- -Xn-\p-ap-ff AlvaZnøm PamAØns ÿm]i-cpss DXvIrjvSamb A[ym-]-\hpw \n t±ißfpw...55 F m-h-tcmspw A\p-Iº ImWn- pi; AXp Xs -bmwv a\p-jyxzw...56 {]hm-ni-t\bpw sszh-{k-ÿ-tøbpw Ah-tl-fn- -cpxv...57 ssa{xn-bmwv KpW-{]Zw...60 ax-øns bym Y Dt±iyw...60 am\-km- -c-s -Sp-hn, c {]m]n p-hn...62 Ckvemans If- p-t]mb aløzw hos -Sp- m hmkvzø ako-lns Pam-A-Øn {]th-in-t - Xv \n _- -am-ip- p...64 AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØns BtKmf t\xmhv Ckvemwhncp kn\n-asb A]-e-]n psim p snbvx PpapA {]`m-j-whpw BtKm-f-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS Ah-tem-I-\hpw...69 \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-sb- p-dn v A\y-cpsS hnizm-k-` n...89 6

BapJw A m-lp-hns {]hmni -m s -Xn-cn Hcp hn`m-k-am-fp-iƒ Ft mgpw Fgp-t p \nev p-sa- Xv temim-cw-`w- ap-x \S p hcp Hcp k{º-zm-b-am-wv. Ah B {]hm-n-i- m s -Xn-cn ASn-ÿm\cln-X-amb Imcy-ßƒ ]d p ]c-øpibpw Ipg- -ßfpw Ie-l-ßfpw D m- m {ian- pibpw snøp- p.- A- mlp hnhn[ {]hm-n-i- m-sc- p-dn v hnip Jp -B-\n ]d-bp-i-bp-w AhcpsS FXncmfnIfpsS AØcw snbvxnisf hni-zoicn Xn\p- -tijw Ah-cpsS Zp ]-cy-h-km-\sø Ipdn pw hy- -am- pibp mbn. ap Im-e-Øp-ff {]hm-n-i- m Hcp {]txyi Ime-L- -Øn-te v am{xamwv h -Xv. AXp-sIm v Ah s -Xn-cn-ep- mb KqV] XnIfpw ]cn-an-x-am-bn-cp- p. F m \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\nsb A mlp F m P\-Xbv pw F m-e-tø pw th n-bmwv Ab- n- p-f-f-xv. AXpsIm v Cu alm-flm-hn-s -Xn-cn-ep-ff KqV-]- -Xn-Ifpw Ipg- -ßfpw temim-h-km-\w-hsc Xe-bp-b Øn-s m- n-cn- pw. Nne-t mƒ AXv shfn-s - Xv apk-bven-a-øp I±m-_v XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS cq]-øn-embn-cp- p. Nne-t mƒ c oe dkq F {KŸ-Øns cq]-øn As - n kmøm-\niv thgvkkv F {KŸ-Øns cq]-øn. Nne-t mƒ Im q-wns cq]-øn AXv shfn-s - p. Ct mƒ AXv "C k kv Hm^v apkvenwkv'(innocence of Muslims) F kn\n-abpss cq]-øn-emwv shfn-s - n-cn- p- -Xv. AØcw kml-n-cy-øn A mlp kxy-hn-izm-kn-isf AhcpsS CXns\Xncnep {]Xn-I-cWw Fßs\bmsW v t\m m\mbn ]co- n- m-dp-ap- v; AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns BtKmf -t\-xmhv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln_v Jeo-^-Øp akolv A Jmankv Aø-Z-lp- mlp XBe _n\kvcnln Akokv Xs {]`m-j-w-ß-fnepw {]kw-k-ß-fnepw, hnip Jp -Bt bpw Ckv emans hµy-ÿm-]-cmb lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx-^m(-k)bptsbpw AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns hµyÿm]-i-cmb lzvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZv JmZn-bm-\n(-A)bptSbpw A[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS shfn- -Øn C m-cysø kw_- n v khn-kvxcw {]Xn-]m-Zn- n-cn- p- p. 2012 sk]v w-_ 21 \v snbvxv PpapA {]`m-j-w-øn-\p -tijw ]{X-{]- 7

Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-ambn Jeo-^-Øp a-kolv IqSn- mgvn \S-Øn. ]{X-{]- Xn-\n-[nIƒ \S-Ønb Ah-tem-I-\-ßfpw CXns Ah-km\w tn Øn- p- v. CXp-ap-tJ\ temiw apgp-h {]tim-`n-x-am-im\pw F m-bn-søpw im nbpw kam-[m-\hpap mim\pw `qan-bnepw bym Y kz K-Øn s Zriyw \Ωƒ ImWp-am-dm-Ip- -Xn-\pw- th- n Cu bym Y {]ImisØ temi-øns hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn F{X-bpw -thkw FØn- m A mlp \ap v Xu^oJv \evip-am-dm-i-s. Bao ap\o-dp-±o iwkv AUo-j-W h o-ep-økzv\o^v e 2012 Unkw-_ 8

temi-k-am-[m\ ÿm]-\-øn\v A m-lp-hns {]hm-n-i- msc BZ-cn pi Ign shf-fn-bmgvn (21 sk]v _ 2012) Rm\n-hnsS PpapA \a-kvi-cn- n- m Imdn \n n-d-ßn-b-t mƒ ]{X-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS Hcp h kwlw ap n \nev p- Xp I p. Imcyw At\z-jn- t mƒ Aao kmln_v ]d- p, "\_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\nsb Bt - ]n- p-sim v lrz-bsø Atßb w {hw-s -Sp-Øp coxn-bn Hcp kn\na Ata-cn- -bn \n an- -s - n-cn- p-i-bm-w-t m. AXns -Xn-cn apkvenwiƒ {]Xn-Icn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. AlvaZn- IfppsS {]Xn-I-cWw F m-sw- -dn-bm\mwv Ch h n- p-f-f-xv.' Rm ]d- p, "AXp icn. Rm\nXvkw_ n v JpXzv_ simsp- p- XmsW pw,alvaznø Pam-A-Øns {]Xn-I-cWw AXn hnhcn- p- -Xm-sW pw AhtcmSv ]dbp-i. C{Xb[nIw am[ya {]h Ø-I ChntS v BI jn s] Xpw A m-lp-hns {]h Øn-bm-Wv.Cu hnj-bsø Ipdn v ]d-bm Fs a\- n Ah txm n- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. ]{X-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ p ]pdsa Sn. hn. Nm\-ep-I-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I fpw AhnsS D m-bn-cp- p.-c-h-cn _n.-_n.-kn-bpss Iogn {]h Øn- p- -\yqkv ss\ pw _n.-_n.-kn-bpss {]Xn-\n-[nbpw \yqkn-em v \mj-w ssen-hn-j {]Xn-\n-[nbpw {^m kv ssen-hn-js {]Xn- \n-[nbpw a p [mcmfw {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw D m-bn-cp- p. Fs hexp `mk-øn-cp \yqkn-em v {]Xn-\n-[n-bv mwv BZyw Ah-kcw e`n- 11

-Xv. Xm ƒ F p ktµiw \evim B{K-ln- p- p-sh v At±lw Ft msp tnmzn- p. Rm ]d- p, "ktµiw \nßƒ ti p Ign- p.' At±lw JpXzv_-bpsS dnt m UnwKpw X P-abpw tiƒ p- p- m-bn-cp- p. "\_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss ]Z-hn-tbbpw ÿm\- tøbpw kw_- n v Rm ]d p Ign- -Xm-Wv. \_n(-k)-xn-cpta-\n-bpss ÿm\w D -X-am-Wv. \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss Pohn-X-am- XrI F m apkvenwiƒ pw A\p-I-c-Wm l-hp-am-wv. apkvenwi-fp ss ZpxJ-Øn-t bpw tzzj-øn-t bpw {]Xn-I-cWw Hc Y-Øn icnbm-wv. AXp- m-ti- -Xp-am-bn-cp- p. Nne-bn-SØv AXns {]Xn-IcWw sx m-b- \n-e-bn- \S- p-sim- n-cn- p- p v. Rß-fpsS lrzb-ßfn \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n- p ÿm\w Hcp euinis ZrjvSn- v FØns Sm ] mø{xbpw D XamWv.AXp-sIm vv C m-cy- Øn Rßƒ v F{X -am{xw hnj-a-ap- m-bn- p-s v Hcp `uxn- INn I\v a\- n-em-ip-i-bn-. temi-k-am-[m\w sisp-øp- -Xm-Wv CØcw {]h Ø-\-ßƒ. \yqkn-em ns {]Xn-\n[n Hcp Imcy-Øn kω Zw snep-øns m- n-cp- p. At±lw ]d p: "C q- \c-i-øn t]m-ip-sa v ITn\Xcamb -]Zß-ƒ Xm ƒ ]d- p-ht m? At mƒ \nßfpw Ah-cn s - -h-ct?' hm p-iƒ Rm Cu ]d- -Xm-bn-cp- n-. ]t, At±lØns hm pifpss [z\n CXmbncp p. ImcWw At±lw Cu tnmzyw Bh Øn p simt -bn-cp- p. At±-l-tØmSp Rm ]d- p, "A m-lp-hns {]nb-s - -hsc kw_- n v CØcw Imcy-ßƒ ]dbp- -hcpw Ahsc ]cn-l-kn- m {ian p- -hcpw {ian- p-sim-t bn-cn- p- -hcpw, a\- n-em- n-sim-sp-øn pw AXn \n v ]n m-dm-ø-hcpw, Ah s -Xn-cn A m-lp-hns Hcp hn[n bp v. AXv \S- n-em-ip- p. Ah v in bpw hcm-hp- -Xm-Wv. A mlp AØ-c- msc ]nsn- p- -Xp-am-Wv. Rßƒ A{Ia-{]-h WXIfpw \io-i-cw snbvxn-ifpw CjvSs -Sp- -h-c-. {]Xn-I-c-W-Øns t]cn CØcw Ie-l-ß-fnepw Ipg- -ß-fnepw `mk`m mip Hcp AlvaZn-tbbpw \nßƒ ImWp- I-bn XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßƒ. hm Ø hmbn- p- -bmƒ Fs Cu adp-]sn ImWn- p-sim v ]n o-sxv Ah-tem-I-\hpw snbvxp. AXmbXv Cu Pam-AØv apkvenwi-fnse \yq\-] Pam-A-Øm-Wv. ChtcmSpw apkvenwiƒ am\y-ambn s]cp-am-dm-dn-. F m-bmepw Ah- 12

cpss Jeo^ \evinb Cu ktµiw, At±-l-Øns i_vzw AlvaZo apkvenw-iƒ p ]pdsa a p-ff apkvenwi-fnepw Fs nepw kzm[o \ap miptam C tbm F v t\m mw. Chn-sSsØ Hcp Nm\-emb \yqkvss\- ns {]Xn-\n[n ]d- p, "Rm B ^nenw I -Xm-Wv. AXn C{X -am{xw timem-l-e-ß ƒ D m-t - p- Xpw apkvenwiƒ Cßs\ {]Xn-I-cn-t - p- Xp amb Imcy-ß-sfm- p-an-. Xm fpw C m-cy-øn hni-zo-i-cn v {]kwkn ncn- p- p. Nne-bn-SØv ITn-\amb ]Z-ß-fn AXns\ JWvVn n pap v. F m CXv efnxamsbmcp Xamibmbncp p t]mepw.c m-en- mlv! CXmWv Ah-cpsS [m an-i-x-bpss \ne-hmcw. Rm\-t±-l-tØmSp ]d- p, "Xm -sf-ß-s\-bmwvv I -sx pw Xm -fpss \ne-hm-c-sa- m-sw pw F\n- -dn-bn-. apkvenwi-fpss ZrjvSn-bnepw a\- nepw \_n(-k) -Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbmSp-ff ÿm\w \nßƒ v a\- n-em-ip-i-bn-. Rm ^nen-w I n- n-. ]t I -bmƒ Ft msv H p c p Imcy-ßƒ ]d- p. AXv Ak-ly-am-Wv. \nßƒ ]d-bp- Xv Aß s\bp Imcysam pan.cu Imcy-ßƒ ti p-sim v ^nenw ImWm- \pff ss[cyw ImWn- m\pw F\n p km[y-a-. AXn ]d-bs Imcy-ßƒ ti v c w Xnf- pa-dnbp- p. \nß-fpss ]nxm-hns\ Bsc- nepw NoØ -hn-fn- m, Ak`yhpw A\m-h-iyhpw ]d- m \nß-fpss {]Xn-I-c-W-sa- m-bn-cn pw? AXp icn-bmwv Aß-s\- X-s -bmwv th Xv F v Xm ƒ ]d-bptam? Hcp apkvenan\v \_n (-k)- Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp-ff ÿm\w AXnepw F{Xtbm D -Xam-Wv. AXp-hsc FØm a p-f-f-h p Ign-bn-.' Xß-fpsS {]h Øn-I-fn \n v ]n m-dp- n-. ]n m-dp-i-bp-an-. s]mxpsh apkvenwiƒ ImWn- p - {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn \n v txm p- Xv C q- \ΩpsS lrzbßsf IqSp-X {hws Sp-Øp-sa- m-wv. XßfpsS tæ -amb {]h Øn-Iƒ Hcp cmpyøv \n v as mcp cmpytø v hym]n n v sim n-cn- pw. Ct mƒ c p Znhkw aptº kvs]bv\nse GtXm ]{Xhpw Cu Im q {]kn s SpØnbn p v. CXv XamibmsW pw, apkvenwifpss {]XnIcWØn\pff adp]snbmsw pamwv ]dbp Xv. AXn\m ChcpsS hmbs n p Xn\pw Cu sx mb coxn temikam[m\w sispøn -fbp Xm sw v Ipd ] w am\ycpw hnzymkº cpambh v t_m[y- 13

s -SpØn simsp p Xn\pambn \mw ]q W-ambpw -{i-an-t - Bhiy-ap v. \sω-s m v km[n- p- n-s-tømfw Ah-cpsS A{I-a-]camb {]h Ø\ßfpsS bmym Yyw P\-ßƒ v ]d- p -simspt - -Xm-Wv. hnivtsmdnb cm nbpss Uba v Pq_nen \S t mƒ hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A) "Xplv^sb Jbv kcnbm' F t]cn {KŸw cnn v cm n b p simspøncp p. CXn cm nbpss \oxnbne[njvtnxamb `cwsø {]iwkn txmssm w Ckvemans ktµihpw FØn ncp p. IqSmsX tem IØv im n ÿm]n p Xns\ pdn pw, hnhn[ axßƒ XΩn-ep- ]ckv]c _ ßsf pdn pw, axkpcp mtcbpw {]hmni m tcbpw BZcn pibpw _lpam\n pibpw sntø- -Xns {]m[m- \ysø Ipdn pw {i Wn ncp p. kam[m\w ÿm]n- p Xn \p am Kw F mbncn Ww F Xpw hnizambn {]Xn]mZn n cp p. Ct mƒ Fenk_Øv cm nbpss Uba v Pq_nen \S t mƒ "Xplv^sb Jbvkcnbm'bpsS Cw ojv ]cn`mj {]n v snbvxvv at\m-l-c-amb ss_t m-sp-iqsn Ab p simspøncp p. cm nbpambn _ s hip n\v {KŸw D]lmcambn \ In bt mƒ AtXmsSm w Fs IØpw simspøncp p. Ahcn \n v \µn tcjs SpØns m pff adp]snbpw F\n p e`n p. cm nbpss {KŸtiJcØn CXv sh n ps pw cm n AXv hmbn psa pw AXn tcjs SpØnbncp p. GXmbmepw hmbn mepw Cs nepw \ΩpsS DØchmZnØw \ndth m \mw {ian p. A meøv temiøv \S-amSnbncp Aim nbpss Ahÿ Xs bmwv C pap Xv. am{xa Nne ASn-ÿm-\-Øn t\m ptºmƒ A[n-I-am-bns m ncn pibpamwv. Ckvemant bpw \_n (k) Xncp-ta\nbpsS hy nxzønt bpw-ta B{IaWw \S-Øp- -Xnepw,B alm-flm-hns\ ]cnlkn p Xnepw Ch G s ncn- pibmwv. AXn hfsc apt m v s]mbns m ncn pibmwv. {]hmni m A mlphn \n v Xßƒ ktµiw sim ph- n-cn- p p F v hmzn ptºmƒ, AhcpsS {]ÿm\ßƒ hf p sim- n-cn ptºmƒ, AXv sxfnbn p Xv B {]ÿm\w As n A q A mlphn \n pf-f-h-cm-sw- mwv. A Xn\m temiøv kam[m\w \ne\n p -Xn-\p- th n A m lphn \n p h hsc _lpam\nt XmWv. kam[m\w 14

Fßs\bp Xmbncn Ww? {]hmni mcpss ÿm\w F m Wv? XpSßnbhsb pdn v B lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A) {]Xn]mZn Hcp `mkw Rm tiƒ]n mw. B almflmhv ]d bp p: ""A mlphns k\mx\ \nbahpw CXp Xs bmwv. (AXmbXv `uxni `cwiqsßƒ ]d-bmø Imcyw ]d- p-sh v Hcp-h si nbp- m n ]d- m B ]d-bp- -hs\ sh p s]mdp- n- m-øpt]mse A mlphpw s]mdp-]n- p-i-bn F \nb-aw) hymp{]hmnixzw hmzn p h\v Ah kmhimiw \ Ip X. adn v, Aßs\bp hy n thkw ]nsn s SpIbpw in bv v CcbmIpIbpw snøp p. Cu \nbaøns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn GsX nepw ImeL Øn Bsc nepw {]hmnixzw hmzn pi bpw ]n osv B hmzw thcpd pibpw AhcpsS axw temiøv {]Ncn pibpw {]_ex ssihcn pibpw AXn\v Zo Lmbp v e`n pibpw snbvxn ps n Aßs\bp hscsb mw \mw BZcthmSpIqSn ImtW XmWv. AYhm \mw AhcpsS ax {KŸß fn sx piƒ h Xpw ImWpItbm, As n {]kvxpx axøn s A\pbmbnIƒ Xn bn apgpinbhcmbn ImWpItbm snøp p sh n AXns F m Ip ßfpw B axÿm]icn \mw D bn cpxv. ImcWw {KŸßfn ssiisøepiƒ D mimhp XmWv. hymjym\ßfn sx p[mcwiƒ IS p IqSpI F Xpw kw` hyamwv. F m, hy amb \nebn A mlphn I psi n ]d p sim v Xm Ahs \_nbmsw v hmzn pibpw, sszhni hn\amsw v ]d psim v kz w hn\ßƒ ka ]n pibpw sn øp Hcp hy n, Abmƒ \_nbpa B hn\ßƒ sszhni hn\ßfpa msb n ]ns A mlp Abmƒ v kxy hm msc t]mse kmhimiw \ IpIbpw kxyhm msc t]mse AbmfpsS kzoimcyxsb {]Ncn n pibpw snøpi F Xv Hcn epw kw`hya. ""AXn\m BcpsS axamtwm thcpd pibpw Bbp v Icÿ am pibpw timsn W n\v P\ßƒ {]kvxpx axøn {]thin pibpw snbvxn p Xv Aßs\bp F m {]hmni mscbpw kxy{]hmni mcmbn AwKoIcn pi F ASnÿm\ {]amww hfsc DØahpw A\pKrloXhpw AtXmsSm w crvpn n\v ASnØ 15

dbnsp XpamIp p. CXv AXnalØmb {]amwamip p. apgptem Ihpw Cu {]amwsø A\p[mh\w snøpibmsw n Bbnc W n\v Ielßfpw kam[m\ ÿm]\øn\v hnlmxambn p ax\nµbpw C mxmbnøocp XmWv. GsX nepw axøns A\p bmbnisf kz w [mcwbn hympcpw I psi pimcpamsw v [cn p bmƒ B Nn ImcWØm [mcmfw Ielßƒ v ASn Ød ]mip p F Xv hy amwv. Xo bmbpw Abmƒ A]am \n pi F A]cm[Øn\v Cc-bm-hp-Ibpw, {]kvxpx \_nbpss alxzøns\xncn hfsc [n mc]camb `mj D]tbmKn pibpw kwkmcßsf Ak`yXbnte s Øn pibpw snøp p.aßs\ crvpn n\pw s]mxpp\ kam[m\ ÿm]\øn\pw hn epifp m pibpw snøp p. F m, AhcpsS [mcw XnI pw sx mbncn pw. Ah XßfpsS [n mc]camb kwkmcßfm A mlphn s ZrjvSnbn AXn{IanIfmIp p. ImcpWyhm\pw A\p{KlZmXm hpamb A mlp Hcp hymphmzn v AImcWambn {]ikvxn \ In bpw AbmfpsS axøn\v hnpbw \evinbpw P\ßsf NXn phm Hcn epw CjvSs SpIbn. Hcp hy n I psi pimc\pw hymp hmznbpambncns temiøns ZrjvSnbn kxy{]hmni m v kam\\mbnøo-cm Ahs\ A mlp A\phZn p X. ""Npcp Øn timsn W n\v lrzbßfn A mlp AhcpsS BZchpw _lpam\hpw ÿm]n pibpw, AhcpsS axßfpss thcp d n pibpw, \q m pitfmfw {]kvxpx axw \ne\n p hcnibpw snøp psh n temiøhxcn Aßs\bp F m {]hmni mscbpw Ah C ybntem t] jybntem ssn\bntem As n at sx nepw cmjv{søntem shfns Xmbn s m s kxyhm mcmbn IW m pibmsw n Cu ASnÿm\ {]am Ww AXy[nIw at\mlchpw im nzmbihpw crvpn n\v ASnÿm \ansp Xpw [m ani AhÿIsf klmbn p Xpambncn pw. Cusbmcp ASnÿm\ XØzamWv Jp B \sω ]Tn n Xv. CtX XØzØns ASnÿm\Øn BcpsS PohnXamtWm {]kvxpx \n hn\øns ]cn[nbn hcp Xv AØcØnep F m axkp cp mscbpw Ah lnµpaxønt tbm, t] jy axønt tbm, ssn\okv axønt tbm, blqzaxønt tbm, {InkvXpaX Ønt tbm Kpcp mcmbns m s BZcthmSp IqSn ImtW - 16

Xm-Wv. F m, \ΩpsS FXncmfnIƒ v \tωmsv CØcØn s]cpamdm Ignbp n F Xv ]cnxm]icw Xs. A mlp Hcp If-f-{]-hm-N-I\v Hcn epw Hcp kxy{]hm-n-i\v \ Ip A\p {Klhpw BZchpw \ IpIbns pw If-f-{]-hm-N-Is axw kxy {]hm-n-is axsøt]mse thcp ]nsn pibpw Bbp v Icÿ am pibpw snøp Xs pap A mlphns ]cnip hpw am an møxpamb \nbaw Ah dnbnt? AXn\m kapzmbøn s {]hmni msc If-f mcmbn Nn{XoIcn psim v Ak`yw ]d p sim ncn p h Ft mgpw crvpn nt bpw kam[m\ Ønt bpw i{xp fmip p. ImcWw kapzmbøns alxvhy n Isf Ak`yw ]dbpi F Xnt\ mƒ Iem]tlXphmb as mcp Imcyhpw C Xs. ""Nne L -ß-fn a\p-jy acn- m Xøm-dm-Ipw. ]t, Ahs axkpcp msc NoØ -hn-fn- p- Xv Ah CjvS-s -Sp-I-bn. AY hm \apt sx nepw axm[ym]\ßfn Bt ]w Ds n {]kvxpx ax{]hmnis\ A]am\n cpxv.ahsc tamiamb ]Zßfn kvacn pibpw snøcpxv. {]XypX, B kapzm bøns \nehnep {]h Ø\ coxnbn Bt ]w D bn mhp XmWv.''(AXmbXv, B kapzmbøn sx pifps n B sx pisfbmwv Nq n mwnt Xvv. {]hm-n-i- msc Bt ]n cpxv.) B alm-flmhv ]dbp p: ""A mlphn \n p-ff \_n, timsn W n\v a\pjycpss BZchn\v ]m{x-am-ip-ibpw \q m pifmbn kzoi-cn- -s p hcni bpw snøp p F XpXs A mlphn \n p XmsW Xns i naømb sxfnhmsw v ZrVambpw hnizkn p sim pi. Abmƒ A mlphn \n s n C{X I v kzoimcyx e`n pambncp n. I psi pimc\v BZchv \ IpIbpw timsn W n\v ap\pjycn AbmfpsS axsø {]Ncn n pibpw \o Imew B IffaXsØ kwc n pibpw snøpi F Xv A mlphns coxnb. AXn\m temiøv {]Ncn pibpw \nebpd n pibpw BZchpw Bbp pw Icÿam pibpw snbvx axw AXns ASn ÿm\ XØzßfn Hcn epw hympamip-ibn. B A ym]\w Bt ]m lamsw n AXns ImcWw H p-in CXm-bn-cn- pw: (lzvdøv AlvaZv(-A) AXn\v aq v ImcWßƒ ]d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. H v) ""B \_nbpss \n tzißfn am -Øn-cp-Ø-epIƒ \SØn.''(AXm- 17

bxv \_n \ Inb \n t±ißƒ am nadn p. c v) ""As n B \n tz ißƒ hymjym\n p Xn sx v kw`hn XmImw ImcWw.'' (AXn s hymjym\w sx m-b -co-xn-bn \evi-s - p. aq masø Imcyw) ""Bt ]w D -bn- p- -Xn \mw kzbw kxy-øn-embncn n.'' (Hcp Imcyw \mw a\ nem msx AXn-s\- p-dn v Bt ]w D -bn p. C meøv \_n(k)xncp-ta\nbpss hy nxzøns -Xn-cn Bt ]w D bn p Xpt]mse. Ncn{Xw hmbn n n, kw`hßfpw hmbn n n, Jp B\pw a\ nem nbn n.) ]dbp p, ""Nne ]mxncnam XßfpsS {KmlyIpdhv \nanøw, icnsb pw sszhnim[ym-]-\-sa pw XudmØv AwKo-I-cn- n- p-ffimcyßƒ hnip Jp B\n h n- p-f-f-xns\ Bt ]n p Xmbn Im Wp p. AØcw Bt ]w kzbw AhcpsS sxt m FSpØp Nm tam BIp p.'' ho pw ]dbp p: ""Npcp Øn GsXmcp {]hmni mcpss kxysø kw_ n mtwm timsn W n\mfpiƒ \q m pi fmbn hnizka ]n v h n p Xv, Bcw`w apx s - A mlphns klmbßƒ D m-bn- p-f-fxv Aßs\bp {]hmni msc Hcn epw hypcmbn hn[n cpxv. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Cu XØzØnemWv temiøns \ bpw, im nbpw, crvpn pw, `b` nbpw, sszh`b hpw IpSnsIm p Xv. Hcp kxymt\zjn Abmƒ Gjy mct\m bqtdm]yt\m Bbns m s ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb \ΩpsS Cu XØzw CjvSs SpIbpw XßfpsS ASnÿm\ XØzw F p sim nßs\ Bbn F v s\sp-ho n v ]d-bp-ibpw snøpsa v Rm ZrVambpw hnizkn p p.'' lzvdøv AlvaZv(-A) cm n v XpS s gpxp p, ""Rm Cu ASnÿm\XØzw C ybpssbpw Cw ns bpw (A- m-eøv C ybnepw cm n-bpss `c-w-am-bn-cp- p) BZcWob-bmb cm nbpss k n [nbn ka ]n p.temiøv kam-[m\w ]cøp Htcsbmcp ASn ÿm\ XØzw CXv am{xamsw vv. CXv \ΩpsS XØz-am-Wv. kpµ chpw lrzblmcnbpamb Cu ASnÿm\ XØzw Dƒs m-ffp p F Xn Ckveman\pw A`nam\n mw. A mlphns A\p{Klw Ah v Hcp temisø Xs A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn \evin. \q m p Ifmbn AhcpsS ap n cmpm mcpss inc piƒ Ip\nbpIbpw snbvxp. AØcw aløp sf A]am\n pi F Xv \ap v tn XmtWm? sszhsø kw_ n v, Ah Ak-Xyhm m v 18

kxyhm mcpss {]Xm]w \ Inbpw, kxyhm msct]mse timsn W n\v P\ßfpsS Kpcp mcm nbpw, AhcpsS axøn\v Zo Lmbp v simspøpw, AhcpsS axsø ]n pw psim v ssz hnimsbmfßƒ shfns -SpØnbpw temisø NXn m B{K ln p p F Zp `mh\ sh p ]pe Øp Xv \ap v A`nImay amtwm? C\n A mlp Xs \sω NXn pibmsw n ]ns ßs\bmWv \mw t\ am KtØbpw Zp am KtØbpw th Xncn dnbpi?'' ]d-bp p: ""hymp\_nbpss {]uvnbpw kzoimcyxbpw aløz hpw kxyhm mcptsxpt]mse {]Ncn pibn sb Xv hfsc {]m[m\ya ln p hkvxpxbmwv. If-f-{]-hm-N-I mcpss ] XnIfn kxy{]hm-n-i mcpss {]h Ø\ßfnep mip {]` D mim ]msp X. AXn\m A mlphns imizxamb ]n p WbpsS irwje AhtcmsSm w D mbncn pibpw A mlp Ah cpss axøns snsnsb timsn W n\v lrzbßfn \SpIbpw Bbp v \ IpIbpw snøp p F XmWv kxyhm- mcpss H m asø ASbmfw. A mcwøm GXv \_nbpss axønem twm \mw {]kvxpx ASbmfßƒ ImWp Xv, \mw \ΩpsS acw Øns bpw \oxnbpssbpw \mfns\ Hm Øv AØcØnep alm mcmb axkpcp msc A]am\n cpxv.{]xypx,icnbmb \ne bn BZcn pibpw kvt\ln pibpw thww.a mlp \sω ]Tn n n p-ff {]Yaamb ASnÿm\ XØzamWnXv. AXneqsS \mw D X [m ani KpWØn\v AhIminIfmbnXocp p.''(xplv^ Jbvkzcnøx, dqlm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 12 t]pv 258-262) hnhn[ axßfpss h m ƒ XßfpsS axßfpss t{ijvtx Iƒ hnhcn p tim ^d kpifpw kwlsn nt XmsW pw B almxvamhv ]dbpibp mbn. (Xplv^ Jbvkz-cnøx, dqlm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 12 t]pv 279) C meøv I a]-c-amb \nebn t\m p-ibm-sw- n Ckv emw BZysØ axamwv. AwKkwJybn GXmbmepw temisø c masø henb axamwv. AXpsIm v F mbmepw temiøp a p axhn`mk m apkvenwisf _lpam\nt XmWv. \_n (-k) Xncpta\nsb BZ-cn- pibpw _lpam\n pibpw snøpi F _m[yx \nd-th- m {iant XmWv. Cs n temiøv Iel 19

ßfpw Aim nbpap m-ipw. Rßƒ temiøp axßsf BZ cn pibpw _lpam\n pibpw AhcpsS Kpcp mtcbpw {]hmn I mtcbpw sszh\ntbmknxcmbn a\ nem pibpw snøp p. \_n Xncpta\n(k) \sω ]Tn n hnip Jp Bs Cu at\ml-c-amb A[ym-]-\-Øns ^eambn Ckvemans i{xp ƒ \_n(k) Xncp-ta-\ns Xncn A\pNnXamb hm piƒ {]tbmkn n pw Ak`yamb Nn{Xßƒ hc n pw adp]snsbt mww \mw Hcp axønt bpw almxvam ƒ pw \_nam psaxncn sx mb hm piƒ ]dbp n, ]cnlkn p pan. F n pw apkvenwisf kam[m\[zwkicmsw v Nn{XoIcn p p. Ch Xs bmwv BZyw kam[m\w sispøp {]h Ø\ßƒ snøp Xv. hnimcw Cf- n-hn-sp- Xv. ]n osv hnimcw Bfn- Øptºmƒ ]dbp p: "t\m q, apkvenwiƒ Xo{hhmZnIfmWv. Ch s Xncn F m \S ]SnIfpw kzoicn pi'f v. bym Ckvemans ktµiw temiøn\v {Kln phm\mbn Rm hmbn p tiƒ]n hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A) s ktµiw {]Ncn nt XmWv. Hcp bym Y apkvenans lrzbøn, \ΩpsS lrzbøn \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n- p-ff ÿm \sa msw v `uxni dnbn. \_n(k) Xncp-ta\nbpsS A[ym ]\hpw B alm-flm-hns k amxribpw F{X am{xw lrzblm cnbmsw pw F{X am{xw at\mlcamsw pw `uxni dnbn. Hcp bym Y apkvenan\v \_n(k) Xncp-ta\ntbmSv F{XtØmfw kvt\lhpw A\pc nbpamwpf-fxv F Xns\ kw_ n v Ah v k n ms\ km[ya. \_n(k) Xncp-ta\ntbmSp kvt\ lhpw A\p-c- nbpw B almflm-hns Hcp {]ox injy lzdøv l m _n Ym_nXv(d) Ct v 1400 h jw aptº Xs hnimc-\n `-c-amb Ihn-X-bn {]I-Sn- n- Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: bm dkqe mlv! Aßv Fs IÆns IrjvWaWnbmbncp p. C v Aß-bpsS ac-w-tømss Rm A \mbn Xo ncn p p. 20

Aß-bpsS acwtijw C\n Bcv acn mepw F\ns m pan. Rm AßbpsS acwsøbmwv `b ncp Xv. Cu IhnX \_n(k)xncp-ta\nbpss h^møn\ptijw lzvdøv l m _n Ym_nXv(d) snm nbxmwv. F m, C m-eøpw hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A), \_n(k) Xncpta\ntbm Sp kvt\lønt bpw A\pc nbptsbpw AKm[Xbnte v Bgv ndßns v \ΩpsS lrzbßfn kvt\lønt bpw A\pcIv XnbptSbpw Zo]w sxfn p. kvt\lønt bpw A\pc nbptsbpw Ahÿ kpzo L-amsbmcp Jko-Z-bn (A -\m-ko-xw) B almxv amhv Cßs\ h Wn- p p. Hcp P\kaqlw Aßsb I dn p. Fs BI jn B ]q WN{µs\ pdn v as mcp kapzmbøn\v hnhcw \evis SpIbpw snbvxp. AßbpsS kuµcyw Hm tøm Øv t{]ahmbv v \nanøhpw hnclthz\ sim p mb ZpJ`mcØmepw Ah IÆoscmgp n s m ncn p p. AkzÿNnØcmbXpsIm v IWvT\mfØnseØnbncn p lrzbßfpw IÆpIƒ Hgp ns m ncn p A{ip-I-W-ß-fp-am Wv Rm ImWp Xv. (Ct mƒ \Ωfn \nch[nt] v am{xa \ΩpsS Ip niƒ pt]mepw Cu JkoZ a\]mtamwv. Cu kpzo Lamb JkoZbpsS Ahkm\ hcniƒ ChbmWv.) 21

BthiØf-fn- bm AßbpsS k n[nbnte v ]ds Øp Xn\v Fs tzlw shº sim pibmwv. Atlm! F\n v ]d m\p si ]p mbncps n F v Bin p t]mip p. (Bbns\ IamemsØ Ckvemw, dqlm\n JkmCu hmfyw 5, t]pv 590 594) \_n(k)xncp-ta\ntbmsv CØcØnep kvt\lønt bpw A \pc nbptsbpw ]mtamwv \ap v ]Tn n s n p Xv. "\n mc amb XamiIfneqsS' F v Ipg w D m-im-\m-sw v `uxni tnmzn- p- p. [m ani \nehmcw Dbcp Xn\p ]Icw A[x]Xn p Ahÿ D miptºmgmwv temiøv kam[m\w C mxm Ip Xv... F m, Rm ]d Xpt]mse, \ΩpsS tpmen \_n(k) Xncpta\nbpsS PohnXØns hyxykvx hißƒ temiøn\v apºn ka ]n m IqSpX IqSpX ]cn{ian pi F XmWv. AXn\v \_n(k) Xncp-ta\nbpsS PohnXw kw n]vxhpw F m, hnizhpamb \nebn h Wn p {KŸw Xncp-\_n Ncn{Xw As n "hnip Jp B ]T\Øn\v Hcp apjhpc F {KŸØnse Ncn{XsØ ]cma in p `mkw' Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw hmbn ncn t XmWv. AXn PohnXØns an hmdpw F m hißfpw ]cma in n- p v. ]n osv Hmtcm-cp-ØcpsSbpw Bthihpw ssh m\ni A`ncpNnb\pkcn v Xncp\_nsb ] nbp Ncn{X{KŸ ßfpw hmbnt XmWv.F n v hnhn[ am KßfneqsS, _ ßfneqsS, tej\ßfneqss, elp-te-j-ifneqss, \_n(k) Xncpta \nbpss kuµcytøbpw HuZmcytØbpw temiøn\v ]cnnbs SpØn simsp pi. A mlp Cu kp{][m\ tpmenbpw _m[yxbpw \ndth m\p ku`mkyw Hmtcm AlvaZn pw \evipamdmis. tem Iw Aim nbn \n pw A mlphns in bn \n pw c s Sp Xn\v, CØcØn A\mhiyambn, A{Ia]cambn ]cnlkn p hcpss As n i{xpx {]ISn n p hsc JVvWn p Xn\v Nn n p Hcp hn`mkw Db p hcs. A mlp Aßs\ B nøo pamdmis. (28-09- 2012, _bvøp ^pxqlv e ) 22

AlvaZn-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWcoXn temi-øn\p apgp-h Imcp-Wy-ambnh apl-ωzp apkvx^m(k) sb Ipdn v Atß-b w hrøn-si- Xpw \nµm-h-lhpw apkvenwi-fp ss hnim-c-ßsf {hw-s -Sp-Øp- -Xp-amb Im q 2006 U m n {]kn- o-i-cn- -t mƒ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns Camw lzvd Øv an km akvdq AlvaZv AXns\ i -ambn A]-e-]n- p-sim v PpapA JpXzv_-Iƒ \n h-ln- p-i-bp- m-bn. B ka-bøv apkvenw cmjv{s-ß-fn AXn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-ff {]Xn-I-c-W-sa \ne-bn kzbw ki-expw ASn p XI Øv \in n p-i-bpw \mißƒ krjv Sn pibpw Bbncp p. At mƒ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns Camw Xs Pam-A-Øns\ {]txy-in pw apkenwisf s]mxp-hmbpw D]tZin- pw {]Xn-I-c-W-Øns icn-bmb hgn ImWn- pw -sim v ]d p: ""Rm ]d -Xp-t]mse \ΩpsS lrzbw C m-cy-øn G hpw IqSp-X apdnth ncn pibmwv. ]t, \ΩpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-co Xn as m- m-wv. Ft m-gp-sa- t]mse C\nbpw CØcw {]h Ø\w CS-bv nss D mim\nsbp v F v ]d-bm\pw Rm\m-{K-ln- p- p. apkvenw-i-fpss hnim-csø {hw-s -Sp-Øp {]h Ø\-ßsf-s - nepw C\nbpw Bcn \ns nepw D m-imhp XmWv. AXns ]n n Hcp Dt±-iyhpw D m-imw. ]uc-kvxy-zn- p-i-f-n \n v {]txy- In v C y-bn \n pw ]m n-ÿm-\n \n pw ChnsS hcp apkvenw-isf \nb-a-]-c-ambn XS-bm-\p {iahpw \S-t mw. Ch \nb-a-]-c-ambn \nb-{ Ww G s -Sp-Øn-bmepw Cs - nepw \ap v \ΩpsS \S-]Sn Ckvem-anI aqey-ßfpw A[ym-]-\-ßfpw A\p-k-cn v Bbncnt -Xm-Wv. Ckvem-an\pw apl-ωzv apkvx-^m(-k) Xncp-ta-\n- p-sa-xnsc Bcw- `-Imew apxte Cu KqVmtemN\ \S- p-h-cp- -Xm-Wv. ]t, A mlp-hmwv AXns\ kwc- n-t - -Xv. AX-hs hmkvzm-\-hp-am-wv. AXp-sIm v Ah AXv kwc- n- p- t]m-cp- p. i{xp- -fpss F m {ia-ßfpw ]cm-p-b-s -Sp- p. Ckveman\pw \_n-bv p-sa-xn-cn-ep-ff KqVm-tem-N\ XS-tb- Xv hmkvzø ako-lv C m-e-l- -Øn A mlp hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) s\ Cu Dt±-iy-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-kn- -b- n-cn- p- p. C m-e- 23

Øv \_n(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS-ta B{I-a-W-ap- m-b-t msg mw hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A)Dw ]n osv B ]mt-a-\p-kcn v {]h Øn- p-sim v Ahn-SsØ Jeo-^-amcpw Pam-A-Øns\ \bn- p-ibpw AXns\Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. \_n(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS- ta FXn-cm-f-n-Iƒ snfn- hm-cn-sb-dn-bp-tºmƒ AXn s\ FXn m Xß-tfm-sSm w \nev mø Alva-Zn-Iƒ, \_n(k)- Xn-cp-ta-\nsb Bsc- nepw Bt -]n- p- -Xp-sIm v Xßƒ v Hcp thz-\-bp-an-s v kzi aøm sxfnbn p-im-wn- p-i-bmwv snøp- -sx v apkvenw-iƒ ]dbmdp v. AØcw Bt ]w D -bn- p apkvenw-iƒ v Alva-Zn-ø-Øns {]h Ø\coXn a\- n-em- ns m-sp- p- -Xn-\mWv Rm\nXv ]d-bp- -Xv. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nbpsS ]cn-ip A[ym-]-\-ßfpw amxr-ibpw hnip- -Jp -B\ns ]mthpw Pzen p \n pw -hn-[-øn-ep XmWv \ΩpsS {]Xn-I-cWw. Aß-s\- X-s -bmwv th -Xpw. \_n (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS taep- m-ip Ahn-ip B{IaWw I p-sim- v, \io-i-c-w-{]-h Ø-\-ßƒ snøp- -Xn\p ]Icw A m-lp-hns k n-[-nbn Ipºn p- sim- v, Ah-t\mSv klmbw txsp- -h-cmbn \mw amtd XmWv. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-sb Bflm Y-ambn kvt\ ln hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A)\v B alm-flmhn-t\m- Sp kvt\l-hpw A`n-am-\-hpw F{X-bm-sW- -Xn\v Rm c p-zml-cww ]d-bmw. BZysØ DZm-l-cWw {InkvXym\nbmb A p m BY-an-t -Xm- Wv. Abmƒ Xs {KŸ-Øn \_n (k) Xncp-ta-\n sb kw_- n- v, Xs hrøn-si Nn mkxn {]I-Sn- n- psim v Z m F ]Zw \Du-Zp-_n- mlv FgpXn. B ka-bøv hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZp(A)-ambn Ckvem-apw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw F hnj-b-øn kwhm-zhpw \S- p- p- m-bn-cp- p. hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv Alv azv(a) ]d-bp p: Aßs\ Rm 15 Znhkw hsc hmz-{]-xn-hm-z- Øn ]s -SpØp. cl-ky-am-bn v BY-ans \mi-øn-\mbn ZpB snbvxp-sim- n-cp- p. hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A) ]dbp p: hmz-{]-xn-hmzw Ah-km-\n- -t mƒ Rm Abm-tfmSp ]d p: Hcp kwhmzw kam-]n- p. ]t, thsdmcp- X-c-Øn-ep t]mcm w Ah-ti-jn- p- p v. AXv A m-lp-hn \n v hcm-\p- -Xm-Wv. AsX- m-sw- p- sh- m, Xm ƒ, Xm -fpss {KŸ-amb ""A Z- 24

tdms\ ss n-fn '' \ΩpsS \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb Z m-se v hnfn- n-cn- p- p. Rm \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n kxy-hm-\msw v a\knem p- bmfmwv. Ckvemw-aXw A m-lp-hn \n- p XmsW v ZrVambpw hniz-kn- p- bmfmwv. sszh hn[n Xo v I ]n p Hcp t]mcm- ambncn panxv. B sszh-hn[n F m-sw- p-sh- m \Ωƒ c p-t]-cn BcmtWm Xs kwkmcøn Ifhv ]d-bp- Xv BcmtWm, A\ym-b-ambn \_nsb I -s\ pw Z m-se pw ]dbp- Xv, kxy-øns i{xp Bbn-cn- p- - Xv Ah C p-ap-x 15 amk-øn-\p- n kxy-øn-te- v as-ßp- n-s - n AXm-bXv kmxzn- I\pw kxy-k- -\p-amb \_nsb Z m F p hnfn- p- -Xn \n v ]n hm-ßp- n-s - n \n `-b-xzhpw Ak-`y-h Ø-am-\hpw Dt]- n- p- n-s - n Abmƒ kxy-hms Pohn-X-Øn Xs \- c-i-øn ]Xn- p- -Xm-Wv. CXv ]d-bm ImcWw GsX- nepw Hcp axsø \ntj-[n- p- -Xv- temiøv in e`-n- p- -Xn\v Imc-Wam-Ip-I-bn-. adn v Alhpw Zp `m-j-w-hp-amwv in v Imc-W-ambn-Øo-cp- Xv. hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A)]d-bp p: Rm\nXv ]d- -t mƒ, AbmfpsS ssiiƒ hnd-sim- p-ibpw apjw hnf-dn-t m-hp-ibpw snbvxp. At±lw DSs\ Xs c p- ssi-ifpw snhn- p-]n-sn p \mhp-\o- p-ibpw Xe-bm- p-ibpw snbvxp-sim v `bhnlze\mb Hcp Ip hmfn Xs Ip w \ntj[n ps m v ] møm] hn\btømsp IqSn Xs {]Z in n p Xpt]mse Xm \_n-xn-cp-ta-\nsb A{]-Imcw Z m-se v ]d- n- n-s v {]Jym-]n- p. Abmƒ ""Xu_m, Xu_m! Rm A\m-Zcw ImWn- n- n ; Rm \_nsb Hcn- epw Z m F p ]d- n- n-.'' F v ho pw ho pw ]d- p-sim- n-cp- p. CXn-\p-tijw Abmƒ Ckvem-an-s\-Xn-cn Hcn- epw kwkm-cn- n- n. CXm-bn-cp p \_n (-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Imcy-Øn A`n-am\w sim p sszh-ni knwl-øns {]Xn-I-c-Ww.Aßs\ snøp hy nisf Cßs\ bmbncp p At±lw sh phnfn ncp Xv. ]n o-sv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb NoØ ]d-bm-dp- m-bn-cp- hy nbm-bn-cp p tejvdmw. AbmfpsS hrøns ]Z{]tbmKßfn \n v ]n ncn- n m hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A) hfsc {ian- p. Abmƒ AXn \n v ]n m-dn-bn-. HSphn Ahn-S v ZpB snbvxp. A mlp Abm-fpsS thz\mp\iamb ac-w-sø- 25

p-dn v Adn-bn- p. hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A) CXp kw_- -ambn ]d-bp p: \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb NoØ-]-d-bp-Ibpw Ak-`y-ßƒ ]pe-ºp-ibpw snøp i{xp-hmb tejvdm-an-s\- p-dn v A mlp Fs ZpB ti p-sim v Ft msv hmkvzm\w snbvxp. Rm\-bmƒs -Xnsc ZpB snbvx-t mƒ A mlp Fs kphm Ø Adn-bn- p. Abmƒ 6 h j-øn-\p- n \in- p- -Xm-Wv. kxy-a-x sø At\z-jn- p- \-S- p- -h v AS-bm-f-am-Wn-Xv. AXv Aß-s\- Xs kw`-hn- p.abmƒ hfsc Zmcp-W-ambn acws p. \_n(-k)-bpss DZmØ Pohn-I-am-XrI temika w ka ]n- pi CØcw {]h Øn-Iƒ snøp- -h v Imcy-ßƒ ]d p- a-\- n- em- n-s m-sp- pisb coxn-bmwv hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv Alv azv(a) \sω ]Tn- n- -Xv. \_n(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \ Iƒ hnh-cn- p simsp p-i. Zp bm-hns IÆn \n v ad- n-cn- p B at\ml-c-amb PohnXhißƒ temi-øn\v t_m[ys SpØnsIm-Sp- pi. H p-in A mlp CØcw {]h Ø-\-ß-fn \n v Chsc am n- \n-dp-øp-hm\pw As - n Ah Xs Chsc ]nsn-s m-xp p-hm \pw A mlphnt\msv ZpB snøp-i. A m-lp-hns ]nsn-ø-øn\v AXn-t -Xmb coxn-bp- v. GXp- co-xn-bn Fßs\ Hcp-hs\ ]nsn- -W-sa v Ah\v \ m-bn- -dn-bmw. c mw Jnem-^-Øp-Im-eØv Atß-b w hrøn-si Hcp {KŸw "c o-em-d-kq ' F t]cn Fgp-X-s - p. Hcp amkn-i-bmb h Øam \nc YI-amb Hcp tej\w {]kn- o-icn- p. CXn C ybnse apkvenw-ifn Hcp [m an-i-tcmjw Ae-b-Sn- pb p. \mep- `m-køpw AXv {]I-S-am-bn. B {]XnIcWw hfsc ITn\ambncp p. PamAØns c mw Jeo^bmb lzvdøv an km _io-dp-±o alvaqzv Alva-Zv(-d) apkvenw-isf kwt_m-[\ snbvxp-sim p ]d p: "A tbm ktlm-z-c- mtc! thz-\- \n-d lrz-b-tømss Rm ho pw ]d-bp p: B{I-aWw \S-Øp- -h A ss[cyhm. Ah `ocp-hm-wv. ImcWw Ah Xs hnimcøn\v ASn s h\m-wv.'tim]sø IogS p h\mwv bym ss[cyhm F v lzokn ]d n p v. "ss[cy-hm, kpÿn-c-amb Xocp-am\w FSp- p- -h-\m-wv. AXv ]q Øn-bm- msx Ah AXn \n v ]n m-dp-i-bn-.'ahns v 26

]d- p. "Ckvem-ans hf -bv mbn aq p- Im-cy-ßƒ {]Xn snøp-i. H m-a-tø-xv, sszh-`-b-tøm-sp-iqsn {]h Øn- p-sa p {]Xn. Zo\ns\ A{i- -tbm-sp- IqSn ImWp-I-bn-. BZyw kz w I aw \ m nøo p-i. c m-a-tøxv CkvemwaX {]t_m-[\w ]q Æ-Xm-ev]-cy-tØmsS snøp- -Xm-sW pff {]Xn. CkvemanIm[ym-]\w F m-sw v temisø Hmtcm hy nbpw Adn- ncn -Ww. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS at\m-l-c-amb Pohn-X-sØ- p-dn v temiw Adn-b-Ww. aq m-a-tøxv, km[m-cw apkvenw-isf kmwkvim-cn-ihpw kmº-øn-i-hp-amb ASn-a-ØØn \n v c n- m ]q W-ambpw {ian- p-sa pff {]Xn.' (A hm-dp Deqw hmfyw 9 t]pv 555,556) F m apkvenw-i-fpssbpw km[m-c-w- m-c-t bpw eou am-cp-tsbpw \n _- -I-S-a-bmWn-Xv. t\m p-i, kzmx-{ y-ap- m-bn- pw, Xßƒ kzx{ sc p ]d-bp Cu apkvenwcm{ -ßƒ kzx-{ -cm-bncp n- pw, Ct mgpw kmwkvim-cn-ihpw kmº-øn-i-hp-amb ASn-a-Ø-Øn\v Cc-Ifm-Wv. ]m m-xy-p-\-xbv v hnt[-b-cm-wv. Ahsc A\p-I-cn- p- -Xn hym]r-x-cm-wv.kzbw Hcp tpmenbpw FSp- p- - n-. an Imcyßfnepw apkvenwiƒ Ahsc B{i-bn- mwv \S- p- -Xv. AXpsIm- mwv Ah kµ `m\p-k-cww apkvenw-i-fpss hnim-c-sø- {hws]spøn-sim- n-cn- p- -Xpw. ]n osv Ahn-S v \_n Io Ø\ ktω-f\w \S-Øm XpS-ßn. {]Xn-I-cn-t - Xv Cu coxn-bn-emwv. Ipg- -ap- m- p-ibpw \mi-ap- m- p-ibpw snø-e-. C m-cy-ß-fn apkvenwisf At]- n v IqSp-X kwt_m-[n-x Alva-Zn-IfmWv. Cu cmpy-ß-fnse Nne sx mb ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ, \mw Adn-bm-sX- \ΩpsS IpSpw-_-ß-fnepw IS- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. \nßfpw kwt_m- [n-x-cm-bn-cp- p-sh v Rm Alva-Zn-I-tfmSp ]d-bp-i-bm-wv. Ch-cpsS kwkvim-c-øns \ \ Imcy-ßƒ kzmb-ø-am- p-ibpw sx mb Imcy-ß-fn \n v c -s -Sp-Ibpw sntø- -Xm-Wv.\ΩpsS {i \io-i-cw {]h Ø-\-Øn\p ]Icw Bfl-]-cn-tim-[\ \S-tØ- - Xn-te v Xncn-bWw. CXm-bn-cn- Ww \ΩpsS kao]\ coxn. \ΩpsS I aw Fß-s\-bp- -Xm-sW v \mw ]cn-tim[n p-i. \ΩpsS D n sszh`bw F{X-bp- v. Ahs\ Bcm-[n- p- -Xnepw Zo\o-]-c-amb Iev]-\-Iƒ ]men- p- -Xnepw A m-lp-hns ktµiw a p- -h-cnte v FØn- p- -Xnepw \mw F{X-I v {i - sn-ep-øp- p- v. 27

]n osv \memw Jnem-^Øns Ime-ØmWv dpivzn \nµm-h-lamb {KŸ-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xv. A meøv B {KŸ-Øn-s\-Xnsc Jeo-^- Øp akolv dm_n-av(-d-lv) JpXzv-_-Iƒ snbvxn-cp- p. Hcp {KŸhpw Fgp-Xn- - n-cp- p. Rm ]d- -Xp-t]mse Hmtcm ImeØpw CXp- mbn-s m- n-cn- p- -Xm-Wv. Ign h j-øns XpS- -Ønepw \_n(k)-xncp-ta\nbpss Pohn-X-sØ- p-dn v hna in- p-sim v tej\w {]kn- o-i-cn- n-cp- p. A v Rm Pam-A-Øn-t\mSpw \ΩpsS D]-kw-L-S-\-I-tfmSpw tej-\-ßƒ Fgp-Xm\pw ]{X-ß-fn IØp- I-sf-gp-Xm\pw Ah-cp-am-bn- p _ w hnim-e-am- m\pw \_n(-k) bpss Pohn-X-Øns khn-ti-j-kp-w-ßfpw kuµ-cyhpw hnh-cn- m\pw ]d- n-cp- p. CXv \_n(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øns kpµ-c-amb hi-ßsf temi-øn\v ImWn- p-sim-sp-t {]iv\-am- Wv. CXv \ioicw {]h Ø\ßfneqsS e`n- p-ibn-. AXpsIm v Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Ønse Hmtcm hn`mkhpw CXn ]s - Sp- p- -txm-ssm w Hmtcm cmpysøbpw hnzym-k-º- cpw hnthiap hcp-amb a p apkvenw-i-tfbpw CXn ]s -Sp- n- p-ibpw snøpi. kam-[m-\-]-c-amb \ne-bn \nßfpw Cßs\ {]Xn-I-cn- m\pw ]{X- {]-h Ø-I-cp-am-bn- p _ w hnim-e-am- m\pw tej-\-ßsfgp- Xm\pw {iant XmWv. Cßs\ Hmtcm cmpyøpw Hmtcm hn`mk m-cnepw \ymb-]q Øn ]q Øn-bm-Ip- -Xm-Wv. F n pw Bsc- nepw CØcw {]h Ø-\-ßƒ snbvxm, Abm-fpsS Imcyw A mlp-hp-am-bn- m-wv. A m-lp, \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb "dlva-øp- n Be-ao ' apgptem-i-øn\pw Imcp-Wy-am-bn- mwv Ab- n p-ffxv. A mlp ]d-bp p: ham A k \m C m dlva-ø- n Be-ao. \mw \ns apgp-tem-i-øn\pw Imcp-Wy-am-bn- mwv Ab- n- p- -Xv. (A AºnbmAv 106)ImcpWyw hnx-cww snøp- -Xn Ahn-S-sØ- mƒ henb hy n Bcpw aptºbp- m-bn- n-. C\n-sbm v D m-ip-i-bpan-. Ahn-SsØ amxri Fs -t - p-ambn \ne-\n-ev p- XmWv. AX-\p-k-cn v {]h Øn- m Hmtcm apkvenapw {ian-t - -Xm-Wv. AXnepw G hpw henb DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Alva-Zn-Iƒ p- v. \_n (k) Xncp-ta\n temi-øn\v apgp-h Imcp-Wy-am-bn-cp- p. C q- \-_n(-k)sb Atßb w tamihpw `o` hpamb coxnbn Nn{Xo- I-cn- p- p. CØcw L -Øn \_n(k)-bpss kvt\l-øn-t bpw 28

{]nb-øn-t bpw Imcp-Wy-Øn-t bpw amxr-i-sb- p-dn v \mw temi- Øn\v ]d- p-sim-sp-t - -Xm-Wv. AXp ]d- p-sim-sp- p- -Xn\v apkvenw-iƒ v Ah-cpsS \S-]-Sn-Iƒ amt - -Xmbn hcp-sa- p- Xv hy -am-wv. ChnsS `oic{]h Ø\Øns {]iv\w DZn p n. adn- v, bp -ß-fn \n v AI- p-\n-ev m-\mwv \_n (k) Xncpta\n Ft mgpw {ian- n- p- -Xv. azo-\-bn h -Xn-\p- tijw bp w ASnt -ev]n- -t m-gmwv Ahn-S v AXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n- -Xv. At mƒ A m-lp-hns Iev]-\ -{]-Imcw bp w sntø- n-h- p. F m, Ahn-sSbp mbn-cp Iev]\ F m-bn-cp- p. h JmØneq ^o k_o-en- m-ln- -Zo\ bpjm-øn-eq-\ pw hem XA-vXZq. C - ml em bpln- p apa-vø-zo A tbm apkvenw-itf! \nß-tfm-sv bp w snøp- -h-cp-ambn A m-lp-hns am -Øn \nßfpw bp w snøp-i. F m, AXn-{Iaw {]h Øn- -cp-xv. A mlp AXn-{I-an- Isf C -s -Sp-I-bn- - X-s (2:191). X n Cd-ßp Iev]-\-I-f- \p-k-cn v G hpw IqSp-X {]h Øn- n-cp hy n-bm-bn-cp p \_n (k)xncp-ta-\n. AØcw hy n-sb- p-dn v Cu coxn-bn Nn{Xo-Icn- p- Xv Atß-b w A{I-a-am-Wv. Im q {]kn oicwøns\xnsc PamAØns s]s - p-ff {]Xn-I-cWw Cßs\ l Øm \S-Ønbpw \ioicw {]h ØnIfneq ssbpamwv a p apkvenw-i-ƒ Bthiw {]ISn n p Xv. s]mxpap- X \in n p- p. Cu kw`-h-øn-\p-tijw s]s - p- m-ti- nbn-cp Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øns {]Xn-I-cWw D m-bn- -gn- p. Alva-Zn-Iƒ Fßs\bmWv {]Xn-I-cn- -Xv? Ah DS-s\ B ]{X mcp-ambn _ s p.ch 2006 s^{_p-h-cn- amkøn l Øm \S-Øp Xv ImWp-tºmƒ, CXv Ct mƒ \S- -Xm-sW v txm mw. F m, CXn-t mƒ \S kw`-h-a-. CXp- I-gn- - h jw sk]vxw- _-dn \S kw`-h-am-wv. Rm ]d-bp-i-bp- mbn CXv sk]vxw- _-dns Ah-km-\tam HtŒm-_-dns BZytam \S kw`-h-am-wv. kw`hw \S- p-ss\ \Ωƒ F m-wv snbvx-xv. \ΩpsS ap_- nkv s]s - p- hni-z-amb Hcp tej\w Xøm-dm- n Im q {]kn- o-icn ]{XØn\-b- p- sim-sp-øp. Im q {]kn- o-i-cn- -Xn {]Xntj[hpw Adnbn- p. PmY \S-Øp-I-b adn- v, hmkvzø ako-lv 29

lzvdøv AlvaZv(A)s A[ym-]-\-ßf\p-kc-n v, XqenI aptj \bmwv \nßfpambn PnlmZv snø-p XmsW pw Adn-bn- p. BhnjvImc kzmx { yw F m-bm-ep-ap- v. ]t, AXn-\ Yw a p- -hcpss hnim-c-ßsf {hw-s -Sp-ØpI F - -. Ab- p-sim-spø tej\w B ]{Xw {]kn- o-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Um\njv P\-X-bn \n v hfsc \ {]Xn-I-c-W-am-Wp- m-b-xv. ImcWw \ΩpsS tej-\-sø- p-dn- p A`n-{]mbw t^mwn-eq-ssbpw IØp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw anj lu-kn-e-b p-i-bp- m-bn. Hcp-]m-Sm-fp-Iƒ AXn- -s - p. ]n osv tp W-enÃv bqwn-bs {]kn-u n \n v AhnsS \SØp Hcp ao nwkn ]s -Sp- m-\p Ww \ap p In n. B ao nw-kn \Ωƒ ]s -Sp-Øp. \nßƒ v Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ yw, \nß-fpss \nbaw A\p-h-Zn- p- p-sh- Xv icn- X-s -sb pw F m, AXns Dt±iyw a p- a-x-ß-fpss Kpcp- - m-tcbpw BZ-c-Wo-b-hy- n-i-tfbpw \nµn- p-i-b-s pw B ao nw-kn \ΩpsS {]Xn-\n[n Xpd- p- ]-d- p. apkvenw-ifpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw H n- p- I-gn-bp ÿeøv {]txy-in pw Ah-cpsS hnim-c-ßsf ]cn-kwn-t - Xv AXym-hiy-am-Wv. CXp- Iq-SmsX kam-[m\w ÿm]n-x-am-ip-i-bn-. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A[ym-]\w F{X -a-t\m-l-c-am-sw pw Ahn-SsØ Pohn-X-am-XrI F{X D Xam-sW pw Ahn-S v F{X-henb [m an-i-x-bpss DS-a-ÿ-\m-sW pw sszh-kr- n-i-tfm-sp s]cpam- -Øn Ahn-S v A\p-I-º-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-sW pw Ah v sxfnhp-k-lnxw ]d- p-sim-sp-ø-t mƒ, AØcw hy n-sb- p-dn v Cu coxn-bn Im q hc v {]kn- o-i-cn- p- Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amtWm F v Ah-tcmSv tnmzn- -t mƒ Ah v Imcyw a\- n-em-bn. Ah v \ΩpsS anj-w-dn-bpss kwkmcw C -s -Sp-Ibpw AXns\ {]iw-kn- p-ibpw snbvxp. CØcw ao nwkv BZyta tn n-cp-s n, Hcn- epw Xm Cu Im q hc-bv pibn- m-bn-cp- p-sh v- Im q- WnÃv ]c-ky-ambn ]d- p. F mw hni-zo-i-cn- -t m-gm-wv, Ckvemans A[ym-]-\-sa- m-sw v At±-l-Øn\v a\- n-em-b-xv. CØcw N Iƒ XpStc- -Xm-sW v AhnsS IqSn-b-h-sc mw ]d- p. ]n osv bqwn-bs {]kn-u ns `mkøv \n v {] v dnt m pw F m-h-tcbpw tiƒ n pibp- m-bn. Snhn-bn C hyq kwt{]- jww snbvxp. AXpw hfsc \ m-bn. ]n osv a{ n-bp-ambpw ao nw- Kp- m-bn-cp- p. PamAØv Cß-s\-sbms ]cn-{i-an- p- p. a p cmpy- 30

ß-fnepw Cu coxn-bn {]h Ø\w \S- p- p. F m-bm-epw, FhnsS-bmtWm CXns ASnØdbp mbxv AhnsS Pam-AØv Hcp- ]msv {]h Øn- p. ]t, Cu Im q hc-bv m-\p Imc-Ww F mwv? ChnsS U am n Hcp -U-m-\n-jv Fgp-Øp-Im-c "Jp - B\pw apl-ω-zv\-_n-bpss Pohn-Xhpw' F t]cn Hcp {KŸ-sa-gp- Xn. AXv hn]wnbn FØn-bn- p- v. Cu {KŸ-Im-c apl-ωzv \_n-bpss Nn{X-ßƒ hc- -b- m Bhiys ncp- p. At mƒ Nne Nn{X-ßƒ hc- p. CXns\ apkvenw-iƒ i -ambn {]Xn-I-cn- p-sa Xn\m Ah XßfpsS t]cpiƒ shfns]spønbncp n. Cu {KŸImcs ]cky-amwv Cu Im q-wn\v Imc-W-am-b-Xv. CXp- m-im-xn-cn- m F m-bn-søpw \mw {iaw \S-Øn-s m- n-cn-t - -Xm-Wv. Bt -]-I-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ ]Tn v bmym Yyw Ah-Xcn nt - -Xm-Wv. U m n as mcp Imcyw-IqSn ]d- p-h-cp- p- v. Xßƒ {]kn- o-i-cn- mø Im q ImWn v apkvenw- tem-isø Cf- n-hnsm-\p {iaw Nne apkvenw-iƒ \SØn F -Xm-W-Xv. CXv kxy-amtwm At - Fs m pw Adn-bn-.F m-bmepw C m cyøn \mw DS\Sn {i n Xns ^eambn Ah s mcp t_m[y ap mbn p v.ct m-gmwv apkvenw `qcn-]- -Øn\v CXv a\- n-em- Ip- -Xv. CXv aq p-amkw aptº \S kw`-h-am-sw-t m Ww! Rm ]d- Xp t]mse Hmtcm cmpyøpw \_n(-k) -Xncp-ta\n bpss PohnX amxribpss hißƒ {]N-cn- n-t Bh-iy-ap- v. {]txy-in- v, bp Øn\v t{]cn- n p ax-am-wv Ckvemw - F p [mcw ]cs \ne-\n-ev p-tºmƒ AXns\ k{]-amww Jfin-t - Xp \ΩpsS _m[y-x-bm-wv. ]{X-ß-fn IqSp-X IqSp- X- tej-\-ßsfgp-xm aptºbpw Rm ]d- p- h- -Xm-Wv. ]{X- {]-h Ø-I pw Fgp-Øp-Im pw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn- X-sØ- p-dn- p ]pkvx-ihpw Ab- p-sim-sp- mhp -Xm-Wv. AlvaZn sndp- - m ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-cm-hWw `mhnbn bphm ƒ ]{X-{]-h Ø-\cwKtØ v IqSpXembn IS phcp Xn\p th Bkq{XWßƒ PamAØpIƒ snøwsa XmWv Fs Hcp \n t±iw. Ah n-xn IqSp-X Xmev]-cy-ap- m-iww. ]{X-temIØpw AØcw ÿe-ßfnepw P\ß-fpsS CSbnepw \ΩpsS km n-[-yw D mhww. ImcWw Ch-cpsS CØcw \o ßƒ CS-bv nss D m-bn-s m- n-cn- pw. am[y-a-ß-fp-ambn 31

hnim-e-amb _ -ap- m-sb- nte Cßs\bp sx mb {]h-w- X-Isf XS-bm Ign-bp-I-bp- q. ]nt bpw Bsc- nepw CXn\v apxn m Cu temiøpw ]c-tem-iøpw A mlp im]w snmcn- -h-cpss Iq -Øn Ah s]sp- -Xm-Wv. A mlp ]d-bp p; A m-lp-hn-t\bpw Ahs ZqX-t\bpw iey-s -Sp-Øp- -h-cmtcm \n -b-ambpw Ahsc A mlp Cl-Ønepw ]c-ønepw i]n- n-cn- p- p. Ah v A]-am-\-I-c-amb in Ah Hcp- n-sh pibpw snbvxn- p- v. (33:58) Cu Iev]\ Ah-km-\n- p- t]m-bn- n-. \ΩpsS \_n(-k) Poh {]hmni\mwv.-ahn-ssø A[ym-]\w \nxypoh {]Zm\w snøp hbm-wv. Ahn-SsØ \ymb-{]-amww F m-e-tø bpw {]iv\- ßƒ ]cn-l-cn- m DX-Ip \ymb-{]-am-w-am-wv. \_n (-k)sb ]n ]- p- -Xp-sIm v A m-lp-hns kmao]yw kw{]m-]v X-am-Ip- p. \_n(-k)sb hniz-kn- p- -hsc _p n-ap- n- m\p-ff Ip n-x- {iaw A mlp ImWp- p- v. AXp-sIm v C mcyw P\-ßsf Adn-bn-t - Xv \ΩpsS \n _ IS-a-bm-Wv. Cu ]ou\-ßƒ v in \ Im A m-lphn\v C pw Ign-hp-s pw AXn-\m A m-lp-hn-t\bpw Ahs dkq-en-t\bpw A[n-t -]n- p- -Xn \n v ]n m-dwsa pw Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-ww. CXn-\p-th n hnip- -Jp -B\ns A[ym-]-\-ßfpw \_n (-k)bpss PohnXhpw ]d- p-sim-spøv P\-ßsf t_m[-hm- m-cm- - Ww. AXn-t\m-sSm- wxs \ΩpsS I ahpw \ m- n-øo t - - Xm-Wv. ImcWw \ΩpsS I a-ßƒ am{xta temi-øns hmb AS- n- p-i-bp- q. Hcp apkvenw ]WvUnX I]SXtbmSp IqSn {]h Øn p p F Xv a p hcpss Bt ]hpw Xs bmwv. \tωmssm v ]d-bp p Ahn-sS-t]mbn thsdm v snøp- p. P\-ßsf Cf- n-hn-sp- p Fs m-s -bmwv Ah-cpsS ]cmxn. AXp-sIm v \ΩpsS AIhpw ]pdhpw hm pw {]h Ønbpw H m- n-s m v {]mh Øn- I-amb \ne-bn amxri ImWn-t - -Xm-Wv. 32

]XmI IØn- p- -Xp-sImt m \ioicw {]h Ø\ßƒ \SØp XneqtStbm \_n-(k)bpss A kv \ne-\n-ev pibn. apkvenw-i-sf v ]d-bp- htcm-spw Rm ]d-bp-i-bm-wv. AlvaZnbmtWm inbm-bmtwm kp n-bmtwm As - n at -sx- nepw apkvenw I n-bn s bmfm-twm, Bcp-am-bn-s m- s \_n(-k)- Xncp-ta\nbpsS hy n-xz-øn-\p-ta B{I-a-W-ap- m-ip-tºmƒ Xm m-en-i-ambn Bthiw sim p- -Xn\pw simsn-i-øn- p- - Xn\pw s]mxp-ap-x \in- n- p- Xn\pw Fw_-kn-bpsS ta B{IaWw \SØp- -Xn\p ]Icw kz w I aw \ m- n-øo p-i. A\y v hnc Nq- m-\pff Ah-kcw simsp- m-xn-cn- p-i. Cu sim nhbv]psim v a\- n-em-t Xv \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss BZ-chpw ÿm\hpw \Du-Zp-_n m C{X- am-{x-am-sw- mtwm? simsn IØn- p-sim pw GsX- nepw ÿm]-\-ønse km[-\-ßƒ \in- n- psim pw ]I-cw -ho- n-sb- m-twm? Cß-s\-b, Xo AW-bv m h \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\nsb hniz-kn- p- -h-cm-wv \Ωƒ. kvt\l- Øns Aw_m-kn-Ud-m-bn-s m- mwv Ahn-S v h -Xv. B almflmhv kam-[m-\-øns cmp-ip-am-c-\m-bn-cp- p.npcp Øn GsX nepw XcØnep Xo{h{]h Ø\ßƒ snøp Xn\p ]Icw AhnSpsØ at\mlcamb A ym]\ßsf ] n temiøn\p a\ nem ns mspt XmWv. Hcp AlvaZn-bpsS bym Y {]Xn-I-cWw Fßs\? A mlp apkvenw-iƒ v _p nbpw hnth-ihpw \evip-am-dm-i-s. ]t, Rm Alva-Zn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-i-bm-wv. Ah v a\- n-em-hp- Itbm a\- n-em-im-xn-cn- p-itbm snbvxp-sim- -s. F m, \nßfn Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Hmtcm Ip nbpw Hmtcm hr \pw Hmtcm bphm hpw Hmtcm ]pcp-j\pw Hmtcm kv{xobpw Hcn- epw AW-bmØ Xo simfpøp- -h-cn Dƒs -ts- -Xm-Wv. tamiamb Im q {] kn oicn p Xns\Xnsc GsX- nepw cmpy-øns simsnt m s]mxp-ap-x-ent\m simfp-øp Xobm-I-cpXv AXv. AXv Aev]-\nan-jw- sim v AW- p-t]m-ipw. ]m n-ÿm-\nse {]XnIcWcoXn Rm ImWpIbp mbn.axn P\-ßƒ Ft m henb Imcyw snøp t]msebmwv -Xo simfp-øp- -Xv. B Xo A v an\n- n-\p- 33

n si -S-ßp XmWv. F m, \Ωƒ simfp-øp Xo F pw Pzen- p-sim- n-cn- p Xobm-bn-cn- -Ww. B Xo F mwv? AXv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp C -Øns bpw kvt\l-øn-t bpw Xobm-Wv. AXv Ahn-SsØ F m amxr-ibpw kzmb-ø-am- m\pw P\-ßsf ImWn- m-\p-ap Xobm-Wv. B Xo lrz-b-ß-fnepw s\ - I-ß-fnepw simfp-ø-s - m AXv sismsx \ne-\n-ev -Ww. Cu Xo {]m Y\ sim v Pzen p-b v BIm-iw- aps FØn-s m- ncn- -Ww. ZpxJsØ {]m Y\-bpsS A n- hm sø-sp- pi; A[n-I-ambn kzemøv snm pi Cu XobmWv Hmtcm Alva-Zn-bpw Xß-fpsS lrz-b-ß-fn simfptø- -Xv. \ΩpsS thz\isf {]m Y\I-fmbn cq]m cs]spø- Ww. AXn\pw a[y-ÿ apl-ωzv \_n(-k)xs -bm-bn-cn- pw. kz w {]m Y\-bpsS kzoim-cy-øn\pw A m-lp-hns kvt\lsø BI jn- p- -Xn\pw Zp bm-hnse \nc Y-amb Imcy-ß-fn \n v c -s -Sp- -Xn\pw CØcw Ipg- ß-fn \n- p kpc- n-x-xz- Øn\pw \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-tbm-sp kvt\lw lrz-b-øn Du n-bp-d- n- p- -Xn\pw Cl-]-c-tem-I-ßƒ Hcp- p- -Xn\pwth n \_n-bpss-ta FÆ-a \ne-bn kzemøv snmt - -Xm-Wv.Ipg- ßƒ \nd C m-eøv \_n (k)-bpss kvt\l-øn kzbw apßn-\nev p- -Xn\pw Xe-ap-dsb Ckvemw AlvaZn-ø-Øn Dd- n- p- \ndpøp- -Xn\pw Hmtcm Alva-Znbpw A m-lp-hns Cu Iev]\ IWn-iambpw ]men-t - -Xm-Wv. A m-lphpw Ahs ae- p-ifpw \_n v A\p-{K-l-ßƒ Biwkn- p- p. hnizm-kn-itf! At±-l-Øn\v A\p-{K-lhpw im nbpw kam-[m-\hpw e`n m th n \nßfpw {]m Yn- p-hn.(33:57) (JpXzv_ PpapA 10-02- 2006, _bvøp ^pxqlv e ) 34

a p-f-f-h-cpss hnim-c-ßƒ sim v Ifn- p- Xv P\m-[n-]-Xy-a Bhn-jv m-c-kzm-x-{ y-hp-a Jeo-^-Øp akolv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv a p-f-f-hcpss hnim-c-ßsfs m v Ifn- p- - ]m m-xy v i -amb ap dn-bn pw \evin. AXv sszh-øns tim]w Pzen- p- -Xn\v Imc-Wam-bn-Øo-cpw. Jeo-^-Øp a-kolv ]d p: ""Hcp- a-x-øn-t bpw ]cn-ip- -cmb Bfp-I-sf- p-dn- v A\p-Nn-X-am b Hcp- X-c-Øn-ep ]cm-a ihpw Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ y-øn-s Iq -Øn s]spibn. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Ønt bpw Bhn-jvIm-c-kzmX { yøn-t bpw Nmºy- m-cm-bn-s m v a p- -h-cpss hnim-c-ßsf sxm p-i-fn- -p -Xv P\m-[n-]-Xy-hp-a-, Bhn-jv m-c-kzm-x-{ y-hp-a-. Hmtcm Imcy-Øn\pw Hcp ]cn-[n-bp- v. [m an-i-amb Nne \nb- { -W-ß-fp- v. Hmtcm sxmgn-enepw [m an-i-amb \nb-{ -W-ßƒ DffXp-t]m-se, ]{X-{]-h Ø-\-Øn-\p-ap- v. Hmtcm `c-w-iq-s-øn\pw \nb-a-ßfpw N -ß-fp-ap- v. kzmx{ yw F -Xp-sIm- p Dt±iyw a p- -h-cpss hnim-c-ßsf sxm p-i-fn- p-ibpw Ah-sc- hn-j-an- n- p-ibpw snøpi F -X-. F m, kzmx{ yw CXmsW v -]-d- v ]m m-xy A`n-am-\w simffp- psh n B kzmx{ yw A`nhr nbn-te v sim p-t]m- Ip- -X-, adn- v, AXv A[x-]-X-\-Øn-te v sim p-t]m-ip kzmx- { y-am-wv. \_n(k)sb \nµn p Xv sszh-tim-]-sø Pzen- n pw ]m m-xy-p-\x axsø Dt]- n- p-sim v kzmx-{ yøns t] cn F m cwkøpw [m an-i-amb aqey-ßsf Nhn nsaxn ps m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. kz w \misø Fß-s\-bmWv Ah Wn- p-h-cp-øp- -sx v Ah -dn-bn-. Ct mƒ C en-bn- Hcp a{ n, Xs Soj n \nc YIhpw hrøn-si- -Xp-amb B Im q {]n v snbvxv AWn- ps m v ]pxnsbmcp hnhmzw D m nbn-cn- p- p. X n \n v AXv hmßns m-f-fm a p- -h-tcmspw ]d-bp- p. AXp hn p-sim- n-cn- p- p. Ip nifpw AXnte v {i n m XpSßnbncn p p.apkvenw-iƒ p NnIn CXm-sW v ]d-bp-ibpw snøp p. ]t, Hcp- 35

Imcyw Ah a\- n-em- -Ww. CXv apkvenw-iƒ p NnIn- -bm twm F v Rßƒ -dn-bn-. F m, CØcw {]h Ø-\-ßƒ Xo bmbpw sszh-tim]w Pzen- n- m-\p am K-am-bn-Øo-cp- p. F m-bmepw hnuvvnøøn kw`-hn- sxt m AXv kw`hn p I-gn- p. ]t, Xßƒ snbvxpsim- n-cn- p- Xv icn-bm-sw coxnbn AXv \nc- cw Bh Øn pw {]N-cn- n pw sim n-cn- p- Xv sszhtim-]sø Pzen- n- pixs snøp- -Xm-Wv. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn AlvaZn-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F m-bn-cn- Ww? F m-bmepw Rm ]d- -Xp-t]mse a p apkvenw-i-fpss {]Xn-IcWw F pw Bbn-t m- s. ]t, Hcp AlvaZoapkven-ans {]Xn- I-c-Ww, Cu \on-{]-h Øn snøp- h p Imcy-ßƒ a\- n-em- ns m-sp- p-ibpw A m-lp-hns tim]-søsxm v `b-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw snøpi F -Xm-Wv. \_n(-k)xncp-ta-\n-bpss at\m-l-c-amb Nn{Xw temi-øns apºn ka ]n p-i. k -i- \pw F m Ign-hp-I-fpsSbpw A[n-]-Xn-bp-amb A m-lp-hns apºn Ip\n-bp-Ibpw Aht\mSv klmbw txsp-ibpw snøp-i. F m, Ch in -bn-te- p-xs -bmwv apt -dp- -sx- n, Xs {]nb-s - -h mbn A`n-am-\wsIm- p A mlp t{im tømspiqsn {]Xy- -s -Sm Ign-hp- -h- \m-wv. Ah kie-i- n-i-fp-tsbpw A[n-Im-cn-bm-Wv. Ah a\p-jy- \n an-x-amb \nb-a-ßƒ v hnt[-b-\-. Ah k h-i- -\m-wv. Ahs B p-i v {]h Øn- m XpS-ßn-bm a\pjy\v AXns {]h Ø-\-sØ- p-dn v Duln- mt\ ] p-i-bn-. AXn \n v B pw c -s -Sm\pw km[y-a-. ]m m-xy-tz-isø Nne-cpsS As - n Nne \msp-i-fpss Cu coxn ImWp-tºmƒ Alva-Zn-Iƒ A m-lp-hns Xncpk- n-[n-bn IqSp-X Ip\n-tb- -Xm-Wv. A m-lp-hns akolv bqtdm- n\pw Ata-cn- bv pw ap -dn-bn v \evin-bn-cn- p- p. temiøp h psim- n-cn- p Cu `qi-ºhpw Cu simsp- m pw Cu hn]-øp-ifpw Gjy-bv p-th n am{xw \n -bn- n- p- -X-. Ata-cn AXns Hcp an -em w I p-i-gn- p. A tbm bqtdmt! \obpw c -bn-e-. AXpsIm v sszhsø `b-s -Sp-I.A m-lp-hns A`n-am-\tcmjsØ sh phnfn mxncn p-i.cxn-t\m-ssm w Rm ]d-b-s, apkvenw cm{ - ßfpw As - n apkvenw-i-sf v Ah-Im-i-s -Sp- -hcpw Ah-cpsS \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \ m- n-øo t XmWv. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS al- 36

Zvÿm-\hpw Ahn-SsØ kuµ-cyhpw temi-øns apºn shfns Spwhn[-ap am Khpw {]Xn-tj-[hpamWv {]I-Sn- n-t Xv. CØcw icn-bmb coxn-bn-ep {]Xn-I-c-WamWv Hcp kxy-hn-izmkn sntø- -Xv. (PpapA JpXzv_ -24 2-2006 _bvøp ^pxqlv e ) AapkveowI-tfmSp \ - co-xn-bn s]cp-am-dpi Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ y-hpw ax-kzm-x-{ y-hpw kw_- n pff Ckv emans at\m-lcamb A[ym-]-\-sa- mwv? CXp kw_- -ambn AlvaZnø Pam-A-Øns BtKmf Camw lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln_v ]d-bp p: ""hnip- -Jp -B-\n ]e ÿe-ß-fnepw Ckvem-ans Cu at\mlc-amb A[ym-]-\-ß-sf- p-dn- p hnh-cww e`n- p- p- v. Xß tfmspam{xa Aap-kvenw-I-tfmSp \ \ne-bn s]cp-am-td- -Xns\- p-dn- pw, Ah-tcm-Sp-ff ISa \nd-th-t - -Xn-s\- p-dn pw AhtcmSv \oxn-]q hw h Ønt -Xn-s\- p-dn- pw, Ah-cpsS ax-øn Hcp-X-c-Øn-ep _em m-chpw ]msn F -Xn-s\- p-dn- p-sams Hcp-]mSv Iev]-\-I-fp- v. F m, Nne L -ß-fn bp w snøm \pw A\p-aXn \evin-bn- p- v. ]t, i{xp-k-aqlw AXncp IS v {]h Øn- p-ibpw DS-º-Sn-Iƒ ewln- p-ibpw A\oXn ImWn- pi bpw A{I-a-ßƒ AXn-cp-I-S- p-ibpw snøptºm-gmwv AXv sntø- -Xv. F m, CXv GsX- nepw cmpyønse {Kq p-im t m kwl S\Iƒt m snøm A\p-hm-Z-an-. adn- v, CXv sntø- Xv `c-w- Iq-S-am-Wv. F p snø-w-sa pw Fßs\ Cu A{I-asØ Ah-km- \n- n- -W-sa pw Xocp-am-\n-t - Xv k m-cm-wv. A- msx GsX- nepw PnlmZo kwl-s\ Fgp-t v Cu {]h Øn snøm ]msn. \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss Ckvemw hncp- -tcm-sp-ff amxr-im-]-c-amb s]cp-am w \_n(-k)xncp-ta-\n-bpss ImeØpw bp -ß-fpsS {]txyi kml- N-cy-ßƒ i{xp-]- -Øp-\n v krjvsn- -s - n- p- v. AXn \n _- n-x-cm-bn-s m v apkvenw-iƒ v {]Xntcm[ bp w sntø nbpw h p. F m, Rm ]d- -Xp-t]mse C m-esø PnlmZo kwl-s-\-iƒ, A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb \nb-{ -Wtam ]mc-º-cytam Iq SmsX Xß-fpsS ap{zm-hm-iy-ßfpw snbvxnifpwsim v i{xp- ƒ v Bt -]n- m-\p Ah-kcw Hcp- n-s m-sp-øn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. 37

AXns ^e-ambn Ah \n e w ]cn-ip \_n-bp-ss-ta \nc Yamb B{I-aWw \S-Øp- p. F m, ASn-apSn ImcpWyw \nd- -bmfpw a\p-jy-ip-e-øns D]-Im-cnbpw a\p-jym-h-im-i- Øns al-ømb kq n- p-im-c-\p-amb \_n(-k)xncp-ta\n bp mh-k-c-øn t]mepw, i{xp- ƒ v Bt -]n- m-\p CSw simsp Øn-cp- n F -XmWv hkvxpx. AhnSsØ Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm I ahpw Hmtcm {]h Ø\hpw Ahn-SsØ Pohn-X-Øns Hmtcm \nan-j-hpw, Ahn-S v Imcp-Wy-Øns {]Xo-I-am-bn-cp p F -Xn\v km n-bm-wv. Ahn-SsØ lrz-b-øn XpSn- p-sim- n-cp Imcp- Wy-Øns Hcw-iw t]mepw a p lrz-b-ß-fn ImWp-I-bn-. kam- [m-\m-h-ÿ-bnepw bp -th-f-bnepw ho nepw shfn-bnepw \nxy-pohn-x-ønepw a p ax-ß-fp-ambn p CS-]m-Sp-I-fnepw Ahn-S v Bhnjv m-c-kzm-x-{ y-øn-t bpw ax-k-ln-jvwp-x-bp-tsbpw DZm-Ø-amb amxri ÿm]n- n-cp- p. hnp-b-{io-em-fn-x-\mbn Ahn-S v a -bn {]th-in- -t mƒ, ]cm- P-b-a-S P\-X-tbmSp Zb-tbm-Sp-IqSn s]cp-am-dn-b-xn-t\mssm w Ah v ax-kzm-x-{ yhpw \evin. hnip- -Jp -B-\nse (2:257) ax-hnizmk Imcy-Øn \n _- -an- F Iev]-\-b-\pk-cn v {]h Øn- p-sim v DZm-Ø-amb amxri ImWn- p. B [\ymflmhv ]d p: "axw F Xv \nß-fpss lrz-b-hp-ambn _ -s Imcy-am-Wv. kxy-ambaxw \nßƒ kzoi-cn- -W-sa pw Aßs\ Cl-tem-Ihpw ]c-tem-ihpw \nßƒ {]m]n- -W-sa- pw, \nß-fpss s]mdp- -en-\p kml-n-cy-ßƒ \nßƒ Hcp- -Wsa pw F\n m{k-l-ap- v. ]t, CXn Hcp \n _- -hp-an-.' Ahn-SsØ PohnXw kln-jvwp-x-bp-tsbpw ax-kzm-x-{ y-øn-t bpw hy n-kzm- X-{ y-øn-t bpw sxfn-a-bm DZm-l-c-W-ßƒsIm v \nd- p- In-S- p- p. Ah-bn Nne-Xn-s\- p-dn v Rm ]d-bmw. {]hm-nihmz-øn-\p -ti-j-ap Ahn-SsØ 13 h j- m-esø a mpo-hnxw ImTn\ytadn-bXpw Ibv]p \nd- -Xp-am-bn-cp- pf v B mwv Adn-bm-Ø-Xv.Ahn-S pw Ahn-SsØ kzlm-_n-amcpw (cnfvhm-\p- mln Ae-bvlnw) F{X-b-[nIw ZpxJhpw ]ou\hpw kln- n-cp- p. \ p- -t\-cøv Np p-]-gpø aw-en Ahsc InSØn. Np p-s]m- p Icn- piƒ Ah-cpsS s\ n-se-sp-øp-sh- p. Ahsc Nm hm sim -Sn- p. kv{xoi-fpss Imep-Iƒ Ccp-`m-K-tØ pw hen v 38

]nf Øn sime-s -SpØn. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n-s -Xn-cn hnhn-[- co-xn-bn-ep A{Iaw Agn- p-hn- p. s\ n aæn h v sszhkhn-[- Ønem-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ H -I-Øns IpS ame sim p-h v ]pdøv sh p. AXns `mcw sim v At±-l-Øn\v Fgpt m Ign- n-cp- n-. Xzmbn-^v bm{x-bn Ip n-iƒ B alm-flm-hns\ Is dn- p. NoØ-hn-fn- p-ibpw sxdn]d-bp-ibpw snbvxp. Ah-cpsS t\xm- - m CsX mw I v t\m n-\n-ev pibpw B Ip n-isf t{]m m-ln n- pibpw snbvxp. B alm-flm-hn\vv F{X-am{Xw ]cnt s - m tiim-zn-]mzw c -Øn Ipfn- p. api-fn \n v Hgp- In-sb-Ønb c w jqhn Xfw-sI n \n p. iav_v A_o-Xzm-en-_nse kw`hhpw \ap- -dn-bmw. \_n(-k)- Xncp-ta\ntbbpw Ahn-SsØ IpSpw-_-tØbpw hnizm-kn-i-tfbpw h j-ß-tfmfw ] n-hn-tcm[w snbvxp. ` n- m t]mepw Ah s m pw In n-bn-cp- n-. IpSn- m\pw H p-ap- m-bn-cp- n-. Ip n-ifpw hni pw Zml-hpw-sIm v ]ns-bv p-am-bn-cp- p. cm{xnbn Xs Imen X nb Ft m am Z-h-ap km[-\w, hni- ns ImTn-\y- Øm Xs hmbn-en v Cd- nb Hcp kzlm-_n-bpss kw`-hhpw D m-bn- p- v. CXm-bn-cp p A m-esø hni ns Ah-ÿ. Cu Ah-ÿ-Iƒ ImcWw ]n osv lnpvdøv sntø- -nh- p. Aßs\ lnpvdøv snbvxv azo-\-bn-se-øn. Ahn-tSbpw i{xp- ƒ shdp-sx -hn n-. Ah B{I-aWw \S-Øn. azo-\m-hm-kn-i-fmb blq-zn-isf \_n(-k) -Xncp-ta-\ns -Xn-cn Cf- n-hn-sm {ian- p. Rm hfsc kw n-]vxambn ]d Cu Ah-ÿ-Iƒ sh p- t\m- p-tºmƒ, AXns\-sb mw {]Xn-tcm-[n- m-\p Ah-Imiw B p-ap-s v Bcpw kω-xn- pw. F m, B Ah-ÿ-bnepw \ΩpsS \_n (k) arzp-\-bamwv kzoi-cn- -Xv. Cßs\ F m coxn-bnepw Ahn-S v ]ou\-ßƒ kln- p. Xs - mƒ IqSpX hnjaw, Xs A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ kln- p ]ou-\-ß-sf- p-dn- m-bn-cp- p. F n pw Ckvem-an-Im-[ym-]\w Ahn-S v apdpsi ]nsn- p-i-bmwv snbvx-xv. Xs kz`m-h-øns `mkam-bn-øo n-cp [m an-ix ewln- m Ahn-S v Xøm-dm-bn. C v Nne ]m m-xy-cm-{ -ß-ƒ bp ßfn Fs m-s -bmwv snøm-ø- Xv. F m, \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n -bpss amxri t\m p-i. \nth-z-\-ßfn \n v \ap- Xv e`n- p- p- v. _Zv bp m-h-k-c-øn Ckvem-anI ssk\yw Xº-Sn- n-cp 39

ÿew Ah v ] n-b-x m-bn-cp- p. At mƒ, \Ωƒ Xº-Sn- n- p Cu ÿew Xnc-s -Sp-ØXv A m-lp-hns shfn-]m-s-\p-k-cn- mtwm AtXm kzbw C -s - -mtwm F v lp m-_v _n ap Zn (d) \_n(-k)-tbmsp tnmzn- p. F\n o ÿew \ -Xm-sW v txm n Xnc-s -Sp-Ø-X-msW v \_n(-k) ]d- p. At mƒ At±lw ]d p: Cu ÿew Fs t\m -Øn \ap v ] n-bx-. Aßv Ch-cp-ambn apt m- p-\oßn sh -Øns Dd-hp- nsw ssi -em- p-i. AhnsS Hcp lufv D m n-b-xn-\p-tijw bp w XpS-ßmw. F n am{xta \ap v IpSn- m sh w In p-i-bp- q. Cs - n Ah \ap v IpSn- m sh w Xcn-. \_n(-k) B A`n-{]m-btØmSp tbmpn- p-sim v apt m- p- \o-ßm ssk\y-tømsp ]d- p. Aßs\ B ÿe-øp-t]mbn Xº-Sn- p. Ipd- p-i-gn tijw Jpd-bvin-I-fnse Nne sh w timcm lufn- -SpØv h p. kzlm- _Øv Ahsc XS-bm {ian- p. \_n(-k) ]d- p: ""Ahsc XS-bcp-Xv. sh w sim p-t]m-im Ahsc A\p-h-Zn- p-i.'' Ckvemw hmƒ sim hym]n- Xv CXmWv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS [m ΩnI KpWØns D X \nehmcw. AXn\v Ipd- p-\mƒ aptºbmwv apkvenw Ip n-i-fpss sh hpw Blm-chpw Cu i{xp- ƒ aps- n-b-sx Imcyw \mw Hm -Ww. F m, Ahn-S- v, sh w aps cp-sx v ]d psim v i{xp-ssk-\y-ønse ] m-f- m v Xs \nb-{ -W-Ønep ]pg-bn \n v sh w sim p-t]m-im A\p-hm-Zw \evip- p. ImcWw sh w XS-bpI F Xv Xcw-XmW ]Wnbm-Wv. Ckvem-ans ta D -bn- -s -Sp G -hpw- h-enb Bt ]w AXv hmƒ_ew sim v ]c- p-sh- -Xm-Wv. sh w timcm h Cu i{xp- -tfmsp _em mcw snøm-am-bn-cp- p. sh -sa-sp- -W-sa- n Rßƒ ]d-bp- Xv tiƒ -W-sa v ]d-bm-am-bn-cp- p. Ahnizm-kn-I-fm-sW- n ]e-t mgpw CØcw Imcy-ßƒ snbvxn- p-ap v. F m, Ahn-S v Aßs\ snbvxn-. apkvenw-iƒ _e-lo-\-cmbn-cp ImeØv bp -ß-fn \n v c -s -Sm th n-bmwv Cßs\ snbvx-sx v thw-sa- n ]d-bmw. F m, CXv XnI pw sx mb Imcy-am-Wv. a -bnse Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ apkvenw-i-fpss c - Øn-\p-th n Zmln- p- -h-cm-sw- v Hmtcm apkvenwip n- pw Adnbm-am-bn-cp- p. apkvenw-isf ImWp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS IÆn tnmc 40

Xnf-bv p-am-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v Ah-cn \n v A\p-Iqe kao- ]\w D m-ip-sa [mcw B pw C m-bn-cp- p. Ahn-S v XnI pw A\p-I-º-tbmsS CsXms snbvxxv a\p-jys hne a\- n-em- n-b-xp -sim- m-bn-cp- p. ImcWw Cu hne Xncn- -dn-bm-\p ]mtw \evti- n-bn-cp- Xpw B alm-flmhv X-s -bm-bn-cp- p. \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss DZmØamXrI Hcn- Ckvem-ans Hcp i{xp-hns\xnsc h[in ]pd-s -Sphn ncp p. ]t, Ahn-S v Abmƒ v am p \evin-sb p am{x-a-, apkvenw-i-fpss CS-bn Xma-kn- p-sim v Xs ax-hn-izm-k-a-\p-kcn v Pohn- m A\p-hmZhpw \evin. B kw`hw Cß-s\-bm-Wv. A_q-P-lvens ai-\mb CIvcna Xs ]nxm-hn-s\-t mse Pohn- X-Øns knwl-`m-khpw Ckvem-an-s -Xnsc bp w snbvxp Ign- p- Iq- nb Bfm-Wv. a hnp-b-øns Ah-k-c-Øn \_n(-k)xncpta\n hn phogvnbpssbpw kwc WØns bpw hnfw_cw \SØnbn pw Hcp ssk\y-øn-\p-ta Cbmƒ B{I-aWw \S-Øn. Aßs\ ld-an c -sam-gp-im AXv Imc-W-am-bn. bp -]-c-amb Cu Ip w ImcWw Abmƒs -Xn-cn h[-in hn[n- -s - p. B kabøv apkvenw-i-sf t\cnsm B pw Ign ncp n. AXpsIm v a m-hn-p-b-øn-\p-tijw Poh-c- m Yw Abmƒ ba-\n-te v Hfn-t m-sn. Abm-fpsS `mcy \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSbSp- h v Abmƒ p -th n am p tnmzn- p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n henb A\p- I-º-tbm-Sp-IqSn Abmƒ v am p-sim-sp-øp. Ah Xs ` Ømhns\ Iq n-s m- p-h-cm ]pd-s - p. ]t, \_n(k)am p-sim-sp- ØXv CIvcn-abv v hnizkn m Ig n-. ImcWw Xm Hcp-]mSv A{Iaw snbvxn- p-s pw \nc-h[n apkvenw-isf sim n- p-s pw Ah-km\ Znh-kw -hsc bp w snbvxn-cp- n pw X\n v Fßs\ am p In m\mwv F Xn C vcna i n p. AXpsIm v \_n(k) s am n At±lØn\v Dd p mbncp n. F m-bmepw Fßs\-sbm-s tbm ]d p a\- n-em n Xs ` Øm-hns\ Ah Xncn- p-sim- p-h- p. Aßs\ Abmƒ \_n(-k)bpss Z _m-dn lmp-cm-bn. Xs `mcy ]d- - Imcyw ÿnco-i-cn- p. At±lw h t mƒ A p-x-s -Sp-Øpw- hn-[-am-bn-cp p \_n(-k) At±-l-tØmSp s]cp-am-dn-b-xv. i{xp-k-aq-l-øns t\xm-sh- -\n-e-bn At±lsØ BZ-cn- m \_n(-k) Fgp-t - p- \n- p. CIvcna tnmzn- - 41

t mƒ Xm s]mdp-øp- X- n-cn- p-i-bm-sw v \_n(-k) ]d- p.(ap- AØ Camw amen-iv, InXm-_p- n- m-lv) apkvenamisx Xs Xs axøn X\n v XpS-cm-\p A\paXntbmsS-bmtWm am v X n-cn- p- -sx v CIvcna tnmzn- p. Rm _lp-ssz-h-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cns - Xs bmtwm F\n v am p X n- p- Xv; s]mdpøp X -Xv. AtX, F v \_n(-k)-xncp-ta\n ]d- p. At mƒ CIvcn-a-bpsS s\ Iw Ckvem-an- mbn Xpd- -s - p. A\n-b-{ n-x-ambn At±lw ]d- p. "G! apl-ω-zv(-k)! Aßv Xo -bmbpw Atß-b w Zbm-ephpw D]-Im-cnbpw c -_ w \ne- \ndpøp- -bm-fp-am-wv.' \_n (k)- bpss k s]cpam Øns bpw HuZmcyØns bpw Znhym- pxw I n v CIvcna apkvenam-bn. (A o- d-øp l _n-ø-, hmfyw 3 t]pv 109) Ckvemw Cßs\bp k s]cpam Øns bpw Bhnjv m ckzm-x-{ y-øn-t bpw ax-kzm-x-{ y-øn-t bpw A\phmZw \ Inb Xp\nanØamWv {]Ncn n p Xv. Cu at\m-l-c-amb [m an-i-kp-w- Øn-t bpw Bhn-jv mckzmx-{ y-øn-t bpw Aºv Hcp an\n- n-\p- n CIvcn-asb t]mep hy nbn kzm[o\w snmepøn. XS-hp-Im pw ASn-a-Iƒ pw Ah-cn- -s -Sp axw kzoi-cn- m \pw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n A\p-hmZw \evin-bn-cp- p. F m Ckvem ans {]NcWw \SØp Xv AdnbmØh v AXv ]d v simsp m A mhps B D Xps m pw A mlphns kmao]yw \nßƒ pw In Wsa v Imwjn p Xp sim mip p. \nßtfmsp A\pIº sim pam{xamwv C mcyw Rßƒ \nßtfmsv ]dbp Xv. CXv kw_- -ambn Hcp XShpImcs kw`hw Cßs\ ImWmw. ""kcuzv _n A_n kcuzv hnh-cn- p- p. lzvdøv A_q-lp-dbvd(-d) Cßs\ ]d-bp- -Xmbn Rm ti p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n \PvZn-te v ] m-fsø Ab- p. l\o^ tkm{x-ønse Hcmsf XShp-Im-c-\mbn Ah sim p-h- p. Abm-fpsS t]cv Ypama _n DYvYm F m-bn-cp- p. akvpnzv \_vhn-b-nse Hcp XqWn kzlm- _Øv Abmsf si n-bn- p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Abm-fp-sS-b-Sp- h p tnmzn- p, Ypama! \n\s s - nepw t_m[n- n- m-\p-t m? \nt msv Rm Fßs\ s]cp-am-dp-sa- mwv \o [cn- p- -Xv? Abmƒ ]d- p. 'kzp-t±-iy-amwv F\n- p- -Xv. Xm ƒ Fs 42

h[n- p-i-bm-sw- n, Hcp sime-]m-x-in-sb-bm-bn-cn pw h[n- p- -Xv. Xm ƒ Fs klm-bn- p-i-bm-sw- n, HuZm-cy-ßsf hnea-xn- p Hcp hy n-sb-bm-bn-cn pw Xm ƒ klm-bn- p- -Xv. Xm ƒ [\-am-{k-ln- p-s - n F{X thw-sa- nepw F n \n v hmßn-s m- p-i!'abmƒ v Xs kapzmbøn \n v F{X [\w thwsa nepw simsp m Ignbpambncp p.aßs\ ASp-Ø- Znhkw DZn- p-b p. \_n (k)xncp-ta\n ho pw Abm-fp-sS-b-Sp- h p. tnmzn- p. "Ypama,F mwv \ns Xocp-am-\w?' Ypama ]d p: "AXv Rm C se ]d- p- I-gn- -Xm-Wv. Xm ƒ Fs klm-bn- p-i-bm-sw- n HuZm-cy-ßsf hne-a-xn- p Hcp hy nsb-bm-bn-cn pw Xm ƒ klm-bn- p- -Xv.' \_n (-k) Ahn-sS- \n pw as-ßn-t m-bn. aq mw Znhkw DZn- p-b p. ho pw Ahn-S v Abmfp-sS-b-Sp- h p. "Ypama, F mwv \ns Xocp-am-\-sa v' ho pw Ahn-S v tnmzn- p. Abmƒ ]d- p. "Rm ]d-tb- -sx mw ]d- p-i-gn- p.' \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n, Abmsf tamnn n m Iev]n- p. Aßs\ Ypama tamnn-x-\mbn. ]n osv Abmƒ ] n-bpss ASp-Øp CuØ \ txm -Øn t]mbn Ipfn- p. ] n-bn h v ilm-zøv Iena (km- y-hm-iyw) snm n. At±lw sszhømsw ]d p: "G! apl-ω-zv(-k)! Rm G -hp-a-[niw shdp-øn-cp- Xv Aß-bpsS apjam-bn-cp- p. Ct mƒ, Aß-bpsS apj-amwv F\nt - hpw {]nb- -c-am-bn- p- -Xv. A mlp-hmw! Rm G -hp-a-[niw shdp-øn-cp- Xv Aßv sim p-h ax-sø-bm-bn-cp- p. F m-ent mƒ, Aßp- sim- p-h ax-amwv F\n v G hpw {]nbs Xv. A m-lphmw! Rm G -hp-a-[niw shdp-øn-cp- Xv Aßv ]m p Cu ] -WsØbmbn-cp- p. F m-en-t mƒ F\n-t - hpw {]nb- -c-am-bn- p- Xv Cu ] -W-am-Wv. Aß-bpsS IpXn-c- - mfw Fs ]nsn- p. Rm Dwd snøm B{K-ln- p-tºm-gm-bn-cp p AXv. CXn-s\- p-dn v Asß mwv ]d-bp- -Xv? XpS v \_n(-k) At±-l-Øn\v kphn-tijw \evin. -Ckvemw kzoi-cn- -Xn kt mjw {]I-Sn- n- psim v ]d p: "Dwd snøpi, A mlp AXv kzoi-cn- pw. At±lw a -bn-se-øn-b-t mƒ, \o km_n-bmtbm F v Btcm tnmzn- p. At±lw ]d- p, "C. Rm A m-lp-hns ZqX-\mb apl-ωzn hniz-kn- n-cn- p- p. A m-lphmw! sszh-zq-xs A\p-hm-Z-an- msx C\n bam-a-bn \n v tkmx- 43

ºns Hcp [m\y-a-wn-t]mepw \nß-fp-ss-b-sp- FØp-I-bn-.' (_p-jm-cn, InXm-_p- akmkn) as mcp cnhmbøn h n p Xv C{]ImcamWv. Ckvemw kzoicn Xns\ XpS v At±lw Dwd snøm t]mbt mƒ a bnse \ntj[niƒ v At±lw apkvenambxv Adn ps m v At±lsØ a ±n pitbm, a ±n m {ian pitbm snbvxp. At mgmwv At±lw sszhzqxs A\phmZan msx bamabn \n v tkmxºns [m\yawnt mepw \nßfpss ASpØv hcnibn F v ]d Xv. At±lw t]mbn Xs P\-X-tbmSp Imcy-ß-sf mw ]d- p. Aßs\ [m\y-ßƒ hcp- Xv \ne- p. P\-ß-fmsI hnja-øn-epam-bn. \_n (-k) -bpss k n-[n-bn A_q-kp^vbm At]- -bp-am-bn-s -Øn. P\-ßƒ hni p NmIp- p-sh pw IcpW snø- W-sa pw At] n p. "\nßƒ apkvenw-i-fm-ip-i, F n-se [m\yßƒ In q' F v Ah-tcmSv \_n(-k)xncp-ta\n ]d- n-. {]XypX \_n(-k)xncp-ta\n DSs\ [m\yw Ab- m Ypam-abv v ktµ-i-ab pi-bmwv snbvxxv. Cu \nb{ Ww Ahkm\n n pi CXv A{IaamWv. F p am{x-a Ip n-i-tfbpw hr -tcbpw ] n-wn- n v sim p- Xv icnbmb \S-]-Sntbm \ymb-tam As v Xs in y- \mb Ypam-a-sb \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta\n D]-tZ-in- p-ibpw snbvxp.(ao-d-øp- _vhnø enc_v\n lnimw) Ypam-a-tbmSp, \o Fs A[o\Xbn-emWp- Xv. AXp-sIm v apkven-am-ipi F p \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n ]d- n-. aq pznh-kwhsc At±lhpambn \_n(k) Xncp-ta\n \ \ne-bn s]cp-amdn. k s]cpam Øns D Xamb amxri ImgvNsh psim v Ahkm\w At±lsØ kzx-{ -\m- n. Ypamabpw Dƒ m-gvn-bp hy n-bm-bn-cp- p. Cu kzmx{ yw In n-bp-ss\ \_n(-k) Xncp-ta \n-bpss injy-xz-øn Xs si n-bn-sm At±lw Xs ka n pi, AXn-emWv Xs `uxn-ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb \ -bp- -sx v At±lw a\- n-em- pibpw snbvxp. "\o ASn-a-bm-Wv, Fs IÃ-Un-bn-em-Wv, AXp-sIm v Rm ]dbp- Xv snøpi-' F v Hcp blqzn ASn-atbmSp \n _- w ]nsn n-. Ah-km\w B blqznbv v Kpcp-X-c-amb tcmkw ]nsn-s]- p.- A t mƒ Abm-fpsS ]cy-h-km\w ip`-am-i-w-sa Nn -bm-bn-cp- p \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n v. sszh-øns Ah-km\ \nb-a-{]-am-wsø 44

hniz-kn- msx Abmƒ acn- -cp-sx hnnmcam-bn-cp- p B alm flmhn\v. A m-lp-hns\ km y-s -SpØn t]mi-w-sa- m-bn-cp p B alm-flm-hns B{K-lw. A mlp Abmƒ v s]mdp-øp-sim-sp- p- -Xn-\p-th- nbmbn-cp p AXv. hf-sc- kvt\ltømss Ckvemw kzoi-cn- m B blqzn ASn-a-tbmSp \_n(-k) ]d- p. B kw`hw lzvdøv A\-kv(d) Cßs\ hnh-cn p- p. \_n (-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]cn-nm-c-i-\m-bn-cp Hcp blq-znsndp mc\v kpj-an- m-sxbm-bn. \_n(-k) Abmsf ImWm t]mbn. Ckvemw kzoic-n- pi F v Abm-tfmSp ]d p. as mcp \nth-z-\-øn Abmƒ Xs apxn Bfp-I-fn-te v t\m n-sb- p-ap- v. F mbmepw Ah kω-xn- nt m As - n kzbw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Ønt m At±lw Ckvemw kzoicn- p. (_p-jm-cn, InXm_p P\m-bn-kv) Abm-fpsS Cu Ckvemw-aX kzoi-cww \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nbpsS k s]-cp-am- -Øns bpw hy n kzmx{ yøns bpw ^eam-bn-cp- p. Ckvemw kxy-a-x-am-sw v \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss PohnXw I v Abmƒ a\- n-em- n. AXv kzoi-cn-s - nte c -bp q F v Abmƒ hniz-kn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Cu kzmx-{ y-amwv \_n(k) Xncp-ta\n temiøv ÿm]n -Xv. F psims m Cu Imcp WyØns bpw A\pIºbpsSbpw aq Øo`mhamb Cu s]cpam w Fs Xn B{Kln pibn. At±lw Xo bmbpw kxyhm\pw a p hsc Ft mgpw \ ImcyØnte v Wn p s m ncn pibpw AXn\pth n D]tZin pibpw snøp p. CXn\p XpeyambsXm v temi-søßpw ImWp-I-bn-. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n {]hm-n-i-xz-hm-z-øn\p aptºbpw BhnjvIm-c-kzm-X-{ y-tøbpw ax-kzm-x-{ y-tøbpw Pohn-X-kzm-X-{ ytøbpw C -s - n-cp- p. ASn-a-XzsØ shdp- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. lzvdøvv JZo-P(-d)hnhm-l-Øn-\p -tijw Xs kzøp- fpw ASn-a-It-fbp-sa mw \_n(-k)xncp-ta\n v \evin. Ahn-S v lzvdøv JZo-P-tbmSv ]d- p. CsX mw F\n v Xcn-I-bm-sW- n Fs \nb{ WØn Fs C -Øn-\-\p-k-cn v Rm {]h Øn- p- - Xm-Wv. AXn-\p-th- n-bmwv Xcp- -sx v lzvdøv JZo-P(-d) adp-]- Snbpw ]d- p. F m, Xm ASn-a-Isf tamnn- n- p-i-bm-sw v Ahn-S v Adn-bn- p. lzvdøvv JZo-P(-d) ]d p, "Aßbv v C -ap- Xv snømw. Rm ki-expw Aßbv v X p- I-gn- p. C\n 45

F\n- -h-bp-ss-ta Hc-[n-Im-c-hp-an-. CsX mw Aß-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.' B kabw Ahn-S v lzvdøv JZo-P(-d)-bpsS ASn-a-Isf hnfn- p- Ibpw C p- ap-x \nß-sf- m-hcpw kzx-{ -cm-sw v {]Jym-]n- p-ibpw snbvxp. kzøns A[n-I-`m-Khpw Zcn-{Z- n-s-bn hnxcww snbvxp. \_n(-k)- Xn-cp-ta\n tamnn- n kzx-{ -cn kbvzv F t]cp- Im-c-\p-ap- m-bn-cp- p. a p ASn-a-I-fn \n v XnI pw ka Y-\m-bncp p At±-lw. henb _p n-am-\p-am-bn-cp- p. X\n v In nb kzmx- { y-tø- mƒ KpW-{]Zw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n-bpsS Iogn Xs Ign-bp- -Xm-sW v At±lw a\- n-em- n. At±lw ]d p, "Aßv Fs kzx-{ -\m- n-sb- Xv icn -X-s -bm-wv. ]t, Rm kzx- { -\m-im B{K-ln- p- n-. Rm Aß-bpsS ASn-a-bm-bn-Øs bn cn- m-\mwv B{K-ln- p- -Xv.' Aßs\ At±lw \_n-tbm-ssm w PohnXw XpS p. kvt\l-øns Cu _ w sas sas hf psim- n-cp- p. kbvzv Hcp kº IpSpw-_-Ønse AwK-am-bncp- p. Xn pw IpSn pw Ign IpSpw-_- m-c-\m-bn-cp- p. sim - m At±-lsØ ]nsn- p-sim- p-t]mbn hn p-ibpw Ah-km\w lzvdøv JZo-P-bpsS ASp- FØn-s -Sp-I-bp-am-Wp- m-b-xv. At±l-Øns amxm-]n-xm- fpw _ p- fpw At±-lsØ At\z-jn v \S- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Ah-km\w Xß-fpsS ai a -bn-ep-s v Ah-c-dn- p. Aßs\ Ah a -bn-se-øn. \_n(-k)-xncp-ta\n bpss ASp- Ds v a\- n-em-b-t mƒ Ah-c-hnsS h p. F{X ]Ww thw-sa- nepw Xcm-sa pw Xß-fpsS ais\ Xncn- p-x-c-wsa pw Ah Bh-iy-s - p. Chs amxmhm-sw- n Ic- p-ic v Atß-b w own- n-cn- p-i-bm-sw pw Ah-c-dn-bn- p. Ahn- S v ]d p: "Rm Ahs\ t\c-sø-xs kzx-{ -\m- n- -gn- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. AXp-sIm v Ah \nß-fpss IqsS hcp-s - n sim p-s]m-bvs m- p-i. F\n-s mcp ss]kbpw th.' At mƒ, ho n-te v t]mim-sa v ]nxmhv ai-t\msv ]d- p. F m, ai ]d- p: "Aßsb F m-bmepw F\n v ImWm `mkyw In n. AXp-a-Xn. C\n-sb-t m-sg- nepw Ah-kcw In n-bm DΩ-tbbpw ImWmw. ]t, Aß-tbm-sSm w Rm hcp- n-. Rm \_n(k) Xncp-ta\n-bpsS ASn-a-bm-bn- -gn- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. \_n(-k) Xncpta\nbn \n v th s - p-\n-ev m F\n v km[n- p-i-bn-. \nß- 46

sf- m-tfsd Rm \_n-xn-cp-ta-\nsb kvt\ln- p- p.' kbvzns ]nxmhpw AΩm-h-\p-sams Hcp-]mSv \n _- n-s - nepw kbvzv AsXms \ntj-[n- p-i-bmwv snbvx-xv. kbvzns Cu kvt\lw I p-sim v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n ]d p: "kbvzv BZy-ta-Xs kzx-{ -\m-bn- -gn- n-cp- p. F m, C p -ap-x Ah Fs ai-\m-wv.' Cub-hÿ I p-sim v kbvzns ]nxmhpw AΩm-h\pw hfsc hnj-a-tømss Ahn-sS-\n pw as-ßn-t m-bn.(l-zvdøv an km _io-dp-±o alvaqzv AlvaZv (d)s "Zo_m X^vko-dp Jp -B F {KŸ- Øn \n-s -Sp-Ø-Xv) {]hm-n-ixz eœn- p-tijw \_n(-k)bpss Cu kzmx-{ y-øn\v IqSp-X Xnf- -ap- m-bn. ASn-a-Iƒ v Ah-cpsS Ah-Imiw \evip- I. AXn\p Ign-bp- n-s - n Ahsc tamnn- n- pi F -Xp-X-s bm-bn-cp p B alm-flm-hns Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn Cd-ßnb ico-a- Ønt bpw Iev]-\. \nth-z\-øn h n-cn- p- p. Hcp kzlm_n Xs -sbmcp ASn-asb a Zn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. \_n(k) Xncp-ta\n AXv I -t mƒ ITn-\-amb tzzjw {]I-Sn- n- p. AXp-I kzlm_n B ASn-asb tamnn- n- p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n ]d p, "\o Ahs\ tamnn- n- n mbn-cps - n A m-lp-hns tim]-øn\v hnt[-b-am- Ip-am-bn-cp- p.' (apkvenw InXm-_p Cuam ) t\m pi, CXmWv kzmx-{ yw. a p ax- m v AhcpsS A`n- {]mbw {]I-Sn- n- m-\p- - kzm-x-{ yhpw \_n(-k)xncp-ta\n \evinbn-cp- p. AXn-\p Hcp DZm-l-c-Ww ImWp-I. azo-\-bn \_n(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS `c-w-im-eøv kzmx-{ y-øns sxfn-a-bm amxri \ap v e`n- p- p- v. Hcp \nth-z-\-øn h n-cn- p- p. lzvdøv A_qlpd-bvd(d) \nth-z\w: ""c m-fp-iƒ ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln- m XpS-ßn. Hcm-ƒ apkvenapw at -bmƒ blq-zn-bp-am-bn-cp- p. apkvenw ]d- p. "A mlp-x-be apgp-tem-i-øn-\p-ambn \_n(k)xncp-ta-\nsb \_n-bmbn Xnc-s -Sp-Øp-sIm v ki-e-t{i-jvt-xbpw \_n v \evin-bn-cn- p- p.' At mƒ blqzn BWbn p: "aqkm(-a) v apgp-tem-iøpw h v G hpw IqSp-X almflyw \evinb A m-lp-hn-\mw!' CXv ti -t mƒ apk am ssibp-b Øn blq-zn-bpss apj-ø-sn- p. blqzn ]cm-xn-bp-ambn \_n(-k)-bpss k n-[n-bn-se-øn. \_n(k) apk am-s\ iim-cn- p-sim v ]d p:' F\n v aqkmsb mƒ 47

t{ijvtx \nßƒ \evi-cp-xv.'' (_p-jmcn InXm-_p JqkzqamXv) CXmWv Bhn-jvImc kzmx-{ yøns bpw ax kzmx{ y Øns bpwhy nkzmx{ yøns bpw \nehmcw.xs kz w `cww \S- p ÿe-ømwv CXv kw`-hn- p- -Xv.aZo-\-bnse blq-zn-ifpambn pw a p- -h-cp-ambpw\ A -co w \ne-\ndpøp- -Xn\v \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta\n Ah-cp-ambn DS-ºSnbp m n. apkvenw- Iƒ `qcn-]- -am-b-xp-sim pw a p- -h-cpss ]n pw D m-b-xpsim pw `cww \_n(k) Xncp-ta\n-bpsS ssibn-em-bn-cp- p. ]t, Cu `qcn-] ]n p-w-bpss Dt±iyw a p- -h-cpss hnimcsø {hw-s SpØpI F -Xm-bn-cp- n-. \_n(-k)- Xn-cp-ta\n F m \_n-am-sc- mfpw t{ijvt-\m-sw v hnip- -Jp -B\ns km y-ap- m-bn pw {]hmni msc XmcXΩys SpØns m v kaqlm cojw aen\am m At±lw Cjv s] n. blqzn ]d Xv ti v kz w ax-øn s]- -bmsf iim-cn- ps m v \nßƒ \nßfpss hg pi-fn \_n-amsc hen- n-g-bv -cp-sx v At±lw ]d-bp-ibpw snbvxp. \nß-fpss Zr n-bn Rm F m \_n-am-tc- mfpw t{ijvt-\m-sw- Xv icnx-s. A m-lphpw AXn\v km yw hln p- p v.]t,\ωpss `c-w-øn Iogn a p hcpss {]hmni msc Bt ]n p Cu coxn-bn Hcp a\p-jys hnimcw {hw-s -Sm ]msn-. AXn\v Rms\m v A\p h-zn- p-i-bp-an-. Fs BZ-cn- p- -Xn-\p-th n a p \_n-am-tc bpw \nßƒ BZ-cn-t - -Xmbn hcpw. CXm-bn-cp p At±l-Øns \oxn-bp-tsbpw Bhn-jv m-c-kzm- X-{ y-øn-t bpw \ne. AXv kz - m-cnepw A\y-cnepw \ne- \ndpøm th n-bmwv B alm-flmhv ]cn-{i-an- -Xv. F Nne kµ `-ß-fn A\y-cpsS hnim-c-ßsf IqSp-X {i n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. am\-hn-iaq yßfpssbpw ax-k-ln-j-vwp-x-bpssbpw kwÿm]\øn\v th n \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n - {]Z in n \nkvxpe{]h Ø\ amxri A p d-lvam _n A_o ebvex(-d) ]d-bp- p. kl _n lp\bv^pw Jbvkv _n kavzpw JmZn-knb F ÿe-øn-cn- p- I-bm-bn-cp- p. Ah-cpsS ASp-ØqsS Hcp P\mk sim p-t]m-bn. 48

Ah c p-t]cpw Fgp-t - p-\n- p. ZnΩn-I-fn s] Hcm-fpsS P\mk-bm-Wn-sX v ]d-b-s - -t mƒ Ah ]d- p: Hcn- \_n(k)- bpss kao-]-øqss Hcp P\mk sim p-t]m-b-t mƒ Ahn-S v BZc-thmsS Fgp-t - p-\n- p. CXv Hcp blq-zn-bpss P\m-k-bm-sW v ]d-b-s - p. AXv ti -t mƒ \_n(-k)xncp-ta\n ]d- p.ae-bvkøv \^vk At±lw a\p-jy-\t? (_p-jmcn InXm-_p P\m-bn-kv) Npcp Øn a p ax-ß-tfmspw a\pjyxztømspap BZ chmbncp p CXv.CØcw {]I-S-\-ß-fn \n pw amxr-i-i-fn \n- pamwv kln-jvwp-x-bpss A -co w s]m n-ap-f- p- -Xv. CXp-X-s bmwv ]c-kv]cw kuay-x-tbmss s]cp-am-dm-\p Ah-k-c-ap- m- p- -Xv. Cu hnim-c-øn \n- p-x-s -bmwv kvt\l-øn-t bpw im n-bp-tsbpw A -co w D m-ip- -Xv. A msx C sø `uxn- I-hm-Zn-I-fpsS {]h Ø-\-ßƒ t]mse-b-. AXv shdp- ns A co w kr n- p-sa- - msx as mcp KpWhpw snøp-i-bn-. Hcp \nth-z-\-øn h n-cn- p- p. Jbv_ hnp-bm-h-k-c-øn Xudm-Øns Nne GSp-Iƒ apkvenw-iƒ v In n. blq-zn-iƒ \_n- Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS k n-[n-bn lmp-cm-bn. ]cn-ip {KŸw Xncn- p- X-cm Ah Bh-iy-s - p. blq-zn-ifpss ax-{kÿßƒ Ah v Xncn- p-sim-sp- m \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Iev]n- p. (A- o-d-øp l _nø) blq-z-cpss sx mb \bw ImcWw Ah v in e`n- p L -Øn-em-bn-cp p CsX Imcyw Hm p-i. i{xp-hns t]mepw ax-hn-im-csø {hw-s -Sp-Øp- Xv Ahn-S v C -s - n-cp- n. azo-\-bnse blq-zn-i-fp-ambn kam-[m\ DS-ºSn H -s Nne -kw-`-h-ß-fmwv Rm ChnsS ]d- -Xv. azo-\-bn D m- nb Nne DS-º-Snsb kw_- n pw Rm ]d- p. B DS-º- Sn-b-\p-k-cn- p {]h Ø-\-sØ- p-dn v Rm ]d-bmw. AXm-b-Xv, Fß-s\-bmWv Ahn-S v kln-jvwp-x-tbmss s]cp-am-dn-b-sx- v. a Zo-\-bn-se-Øn-b-Xn-\p- tijw blq-zn-i-fp-ambn Ahn-S v DS-ºSn snbv Xp. AXnse Nne \n_- -\-Iƒ Xmsg ]d-bpw- {]-Im-c-am-bn-cp- p. 1. ""apkvenw-ifpw blq-zn-ifpw ]c-kv]cw A\p-I-º-tbmSpw Bflm Y-X-tbm-Spw- IqSn Pohn- p- -Xm-Wv. Hcp- Iq- at - Iq- s -Xnsc _em m-c-tømspw AXn-{I-a-tØm-Spw -IqSn s]cp-am-dp-i-bn-.'' (Cß-s\-bm-bn pw blq-zn-i-ƒ ]e-t mgpw Cu \n_ \ ewln- p-sim- n-cp- p. F m, Ahn-S v Ah-tcmSv \ - co-xn-bn Xs -bmwv s]cp-am-dn-bn-cp- -Xv. 49

Ah-km\w Ah-cpsS FXn {]-h Ø\w aq [\ym-h-ÿbnse-øn-b-t mƒ \_n(k) Xncp-ta-\n v Ah s -Xnsc \S-]Sn kzoi-cn-t n h p. ) 2. ""c m-asø \n_- \ F m kapzmbßƒ pw {]h Ø-\- kzm-x{ yw D m-bn-cn- p-sa- -Xm-bn-cp- p.'' (apkvenw-iƒ `qcn-]- -am-sw- n X-s bpw \nßƒ \nß-fpss ax-im-cy-øn kzx-{ cm-wv.) 3. ""aq m-asø \n_- \ cmpysø F m \nhmkni-fp-tsbpw Poh\pw kzøpw kpc- n-x-am-bn-cn- pw.ahsb am\n- p- -XmWv; Ip -hm-fn-i-sfm-gnsi. (Ip -hmfn apk am-\m-sw- nepw Aap-kven-am-sW- nepw in e`n- p-sa- - Xn kwi-b-an-. a p- -hsc kwc- n-t - Xv F m-h-cp-tsbpw _m[y-x-bm-wv. `c-w-iq-s-øns {]h Øn-bm-Wv.) 4. ""F m A`n-{]m-b-`n- -X-Ifpw {]iv\-ßfpw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta- \n-bpss apºn ka ]n-t - -Xm-Wv. F m hn[n-ifpw sszh-i-ev]- \-I-f-\p-k-cn- m-bn-cn- pw snø-s -Sp-I.'' (sszh-i-ev]\ F -Xns \n h-n\w Hmtcm P\-X-bp-tSbpw \ymb-{]-am-w-a-\pk-cn- m-bn-cn pw hn[n ]d-bpi F -Xm-Wv. hn[n- mbn tikp-iƒ \_n(-k)-bpss apºn ka ]n-t - -Xm-Wv. ImcWw A m-esø `c-w-iq-s-øns D -Xm-[n- Imcn Ahn-S- m-bn-cp- p.axps m v hn[n ]dtb Xpw At±lambncp p.) Ip -hm-fn-i-fmb blq-zn-iƒs Xnsc hn[n {]kvxm-hn- Xv Ah-cpsS \ymb-{]-am-wamb XudmØ-\p-k-cn- mbn-cp- p. C v {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw Ckvemans hntcm[nifpw AXp s]m n- n-sn v \_n(-k)- Xn-cp-ta\n snbvxxv A{I-a-amsW v ]d v Bt -]n- p- p. hmkvx-h-øn Ah-cpsS sszh-{kÿw Ah snbvx Ip -Ir-Xy-Øn\v F p in bmtwm hn[n- n- p- Xv AXmWv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n hn[n- -Xv. 5. as mcp \n_- \ ""\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-hm-Z-an- msx Bcpw bp -Øn\v t]mim ]msn F -Xm-bn-cp- p.'' (F p-sim-s - m, Hcp `c-w-iq-s-øn Iosg \nev p-tºmƒ B `c-w-iq- SsØ A\p-kcn-t - Xv \n _- -am-wv. Cu \n_- \ C m-esø PnlmZo kwl-ßƒ pw hgn-im- n-bm-wv. GsXmcp `c-w-iq-s-øn Iogn-emtWm hkn- p- Xv AXns A\p-hmZw IqSmsX Hcp -X-c-Øn-ep PnlmZpw snøm ]msn- ; k m-cns ssk\y-øn tncp-i-bpw, k mtcm cm{ -ßtfm XΩn bp w snøp-ibpw snbvxm-sem-gn-si.) 6. ]n o-sp- mb Hcp \n_- \ ""apkvenw-iƒt m blq-zn-iƒt m FXnsc GsX- nepw P\X bp w snøp-i-bm-sw- n Ah ]ckv]cw klm-bn- m Xøm-dm-bn-cn- p-sa- -Xm-Wv.'' 50

(AXm-bXv blq-zn-iƒs -Xn-cntem apkvenw-iƒs -Xn-cntem bp w snbvxm Hcp -Iq- as mcp Iq sc klm-bn- p- -Xm-Wv. FXn I- n-bn \n v Fs - nepw ^ew In n-bm AXv c p -Iq- cpw Xpey-ambn hoxn-s -Sp p- -Xm-Wv.) 7. C{]-Imcw as mcp \n_- -\ "azo-\sb Bsc- nepw B{Ian m, F m-hcpw Hcpan v tn v AXn-s\-Xnsc t]mcmsww. a bnse Jpd-bvin-Iƒt m AhcpsS klmbniƒt m Hcp-X-c-Øn-ep klm-btam A`-btam \evim ]msn-.'' (ImcWw Cu FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ Xs -bmwv a -bn \n v apkvenw-isf ]pd-øm- n-b-xv. Aßs\ apkvenw-iƒ ChnsS h v A`bw txsnbxm-wv. AXp-sIm v Cu `c-w-øn Io-gn Ign-bp- -h i{xp-k-aq-l-hp-ambn Hcp- X-c-Øn-ep DS-º- Snbpw snøm ]msn-. klm-bhpw hmßm\pw ]msn-.) ""Hmtcm P\-Xbpw Ah-c-h-cpsS sne-hp-iƒ kzbw hln- p-sim- -Ww.(Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw kz w snehv hln Ww)Cu DS-º-Sn-bpsS ASnÿm-\-Øn Hcp A{I-anbpw ]m]nbpw B m-ew-l-i\pw in bn \nt m {]Xn-{In-b-bn \nt m kwc- n- -s - -h-\m-ip-i-bn-.'' (A-Xm-bXv A{I-anbpw ]m]w snøp- -h\pw sx p snøp- -h\pw Dd- mbpw in In pw. ]nsn s -Spw; apkven-tam blq-zntbm a m-cm-bmepw th n-.) (kodøp JmØ-a-p -_n-øo - -l-zvdøv an km _io AlvaZv (d)t]pv 279 ) ax-kzm-x-{ yhpw \Pvdm Im v A`-b-]-{Xn-Ibpw Cu ax-k-ln-jvwp-xbpw kzmx{ yhpw \ne-\n-dp-øp- -Xn-\mWv \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta\n \Pvdm-\n \n p h {InkvXy kwl-øn\v akvpnzv \_vhn-bn Bcm-[\ \S-Øm A\p-hmZw \evinbxv. Ah Ing-t m p Xncn- p-\n v Bcm-[\ \S-Øn. Aßs\ sn øm ]msn F mwv kzlm-_øv [cn- n-cp- -Xv. \_n(-k)-xn-cpta\n ]d p: "H pw kw`-hn- m-\n-.' \Pvdm- Im v \_n(-k)- Xn-cp-ta\n \evinb A`-b-]-{Xn-IsbIpdn pw \ap v hnhcw e`n- p- p- v. AXn apkvenw ssk\yw ap tj\ {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS (A-h \Pvdm-\n h n-cp- -Xm-Wv) AXn Øn Isf kwc- n p- -Xm-sW DØ-c-hm-ZnØw \_n(-k) -Xncpta\n Gs -Sp-Øp. Ah-cpsS ] n-iƒ, Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßƒ, k{x-ßƒ AXv F{X Zqc-Øm-bmepw ] -WØnem-bmepw aei-fn-em-bmepw h\-ßfn-embmepw Fhn-sS-bm-bmepw AXns\ kwc- n-t Xv apkvenw- IfpsS Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. Ah v Ah-cpsS ax-coxn-b- -\p-k-cn v Bcm- [-\m-i aß-f-\p-jvtn- m A\p-hm-Z-ap- m-bn-cn- pw. C m-cy-øn 51

Ah-cpsS kwc- -Whpw apkvenw-iƒ v \n _- -am-wv. ImcWw Ch apkvenw `c-w-iq-s-øns {]P-I-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm v C m-c- W-Ømepw Ah-cpsS kwc- Ww X\n v \n _- -am-sw v \_n (-k) ]d- p. AXp-t]mse apkvenw-iƒ Ahsc AXm-bXv {InkvXym-\n-Isf Ah-cpsS C w IqSmsX bp -\-S-]-Sn-I-fn ]s -Sp- n- m ]msn-. Ah-cpsS ]mxncn As - n ax-t\-xmhv ÿm\-{`-jvt-\m- -s - Sp-I-bn-. AXp-t]m-se-Xs Ah-cpsS {]h Ø\w XpS pw Ah v \S-Øm-hp- -Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fn Hcp- X-c- Øn-ep-ff ssii-s-ø-epap mipibn. AsXm-cn- epw ]nsn-s -Sp- p-itbm k{x-am- p-itbm AXn Bsc nepw Xmakn pitbm as -s - nepw Imcy-Øn\v AhtcmSv tnmzn msx hn\n-tbm-kn- p Itbm snøm ]msn-. ax-]-fin-x- m-cn \n v Pnkvb hmßpi bpan-. GsX- nepw apkven-ans `mcy {InkvXym-\n-bm-sW- n Ah v ]cn-]q W-amb kzmx-{ y-ap- m-bn-cn- p- -XmWv. Ah ] n-bn t]mip- txm AhcpsS coxnb\pkcn v Bcm[\ \SØp Xnt\m kwibw tnmzn- m Xß-fpsS ]mxn-cn-bpss ASp Øv t]mip- txm hne p-i-bn-. ] n-iƒ XpS-ßn-bh \n amw {]h Ø\Øn\v apkvenw-i-fn \n v klmbw txsn-bm AXv apkvenw-iƒ \evti- -Xm-Wv.AXv IStam HuZm-cytam Bhp-I-bn-. adn v C{]Imcw kmaqlni _ ßsf \ne\n Øp XneqsSbpw ]ckv]cw klmbn p XneqsSbpw Cu DS-º-Sn-sb KpWIcam m klmbiamip Xn\p Hcp coxnbmwv. CXm-bn-cp p ax-kzm-x-{ yhpw kln-jvwp-xbpw ÿm]n- m th n-bp \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss {]h Ø-\w. Cß-s\-sbm-s -bmbn pw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n hmfp -sim- mwv Ckvemw {]N-cn- n- -sx v Bt -]-ap- -bn- p- Xv Atß-b w A{I-a-]-c-amb {]h Øn-bm-Wv. hmkvzø ako-lv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A)]d-bp- p: ""{KŸm-\p-km-cn-Ifpw Atd-_y-bnse _lpsszh -h-nizm-kn-ifpw Atß-b w Zp hr-ø-cm-bn-øocp-ibpw Xn snbvxp-sim- v Xßƒ \ -bmwv snbvx-sx v Icp-Xp-Ibpw Ip -Ir-Xy-ß-fn \n v ]n mdm-xn-cn pibpw s]mxp-{]-h Ø-\-ß-fn hn -ep- m- pibpw sn bvx-t mƒ A m-lp, Xs \_n-bpss ssibn `c-w-ta-ev]n- psim v Ah-cpsS ssibn \n v ]mh-s - -hsc c n- m B{K- 52

ln- p. Atd-_y cmpyw kzx{ ambn-cp- p. Hcp cmpm-hn-t bpw Iogn-e m-bn-cp- Xn\m Hmtcm I nbpw Atßb w Xt -S-tØm Spw ISn- m-wn- m-sxbpw PohnXw Ign- p-t]m- p. Ahsc in n- p- -Xn\v Hcp \nb-a-hp-ap- m-bn-. AXp-sIm v Ah \nxyhpw Ip -Ir-Xy-ß-fn apt dn -sim- n-cp- p. A mlp Cu cmpy-øn-\pta IcpW snmcn v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\nsb Cu cmpy-øn-\mbn dkq-em n Ab p F v am{x-a B cmpy-øns cmpm-hp-am- n. hnip- -Jp -Bs\ ]cn-]q W-amb \nb-a-{k-ÿ-hp-am- n. AXn knhn \n-b-a-ßfpw {Inan-\ \nb-a-ßfpw kmº-øn-i-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sa- m-ap- v. AXp-sIm v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Hcp cmpm-sh \ne-bn F m I- n-iƒ pw hn[n-i Øm-hm-bn-cp- p. Hmtcm ax-ß-fp-tsbpw BfpIƒ Ah-cpsS tikp-iƒ \_n-sb-s m- mwv hn[n ]d-bn- n-cp- -Xv. ""Hcn- Hcp apkvenapw blq-znbpw Xß-fpsS ]cm-xn-bp-ambn \_n-bpss ASp- h p. Ahn-S v At\z-j-W-Øn-\p-tijw apkven-an-s -Xn-cn hn[n ]pd-s -Sp-hn- p. ""F m, Nne A -cmb FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ hnip- -Jp -B Nn n p ]mcm-bww snøp- n-. Ah F m Imcy-ßfpw \_n-xn-cp-ta- \n- {]hm-n-i-xz-øn\p hnt[-b-\m-bn p {]h Øn p F \ne- mwv ImWp- -Xv. hmkvx-h-øn AØcw in -Ifpw hn[n-ifpw \ Inbn-cp- Xv Hcp cmpm-sh \ne-bv m-bn-cp- p. (AXm-bXv Ah k mdns {]h Ø-\-ß-fn s] -Xm-bn-cp- p.) ho pw ]d-bp- p. ""_\p Ckvdm-boen aqkm \_n- p-ijw \_nbpw cmpmhpw sht -sd-bm-bn-cp- p. cm{ o-b-]-c-amb \ne-bn kam-[m\w \ne-\ndpøn-bn-cp- Xv cmpm- - m-cm-bn-cp- p. F m \_n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv Cu c v ÿm\hpw A mlp \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n- p-xs \evin. CXns\ kw_- n v A mlp ]d-bp- p. {KŸw \evi-s - -h-tcmspw \nc- -c-tcmspw \nßfpw A m-lphn\v kzbw A ]Ww snøp- pt m F v tnmzn- p-i. Aßs\ Ah A ]Ww snbvxp-sh- n Ah t\ am Kw {]m]n- p. C\n Ah ]n n-cn- p-i-fbp -Xm-bm sszhiev]\ FØn pi F 53

Xp am{x-amwv \n\- p _m[y-x. (3:21) ""CXn Ah-tcmSv bp w snøpi F v Fhn-tSbpw Fgp-Xn-bn- n-. Ip -hm-fn-i-fn \n p c pth n am{x-amwv bp w F v CXn \n v hy -am-wv. Ah apkvenw-isf h[n- p-itbm s]mxp- Im-cy-ß-fn {]iv\-ß-fp- m- p-itbm snbvxn-cp- p. tamj-w-ßfnepw sim -bnepw apgp-in-bn-cp- p. Ah-tcmSv snbvx bp w Hcp cmpmhv F \ne- m-bn-cp- p. A msx \_n F \ne- m-bn-cp- n-. AXm-b-Xv, `c-w-iq-s-ønse D -Xm-[n-Imcnbm-b-Xp-sIm- mwv bp w snbvx-xv. \_nbmb-xp-sim- -. A mlp ]d-bp- p: \nß-tfmsv bp w snøp- -h-cp-ambn A mlp-hns am K-Øn \nßfpw bp wsnøp-i. F m, \nßƒ AXn-{Iaw {]h Øn- cp-xv. A mlp AXn-{I-an-Isf C -s -Sp-I-bn- -X-s.'' (2:191) (Nivasb aavcn^ dqlm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 23 t]pv 242,243) GsXmcp ]cn-ip- -\-_n- mtwm Cu \ymb-{]-amww Cd-ßn-bXv B \_n Fß-s\-bmWv B hn[nhne pisf adnis pi. \_n (k)xncp-ta\n a m hnp-b-øns Ah-k-c-Øn F m-h pw s]mxp-am v \evin. apkven-am-sb- nte am v simsp- p-i-bp q Ckv emw kzicn mse am v simsp q F \n_ \bn msxf m h pw s]mxp am v \evin. am v \ Ip Xn\v Nne cq]ßfp mbn cp p.axmbxv C ÿeßfntem,simsn ogntem,iav_me bøntem, C BfpIfpsS hospifntem A`bw txsnbm am m s Spsa v hnfw_cs SpØnbncp p. as hntsbpw ImWm Ign bmø D Xamb amxribmip p.]d- Xv em XYvco_ Ae-bv pap buw F ]q Æ kzmx{ yøns {]Jym]\amWv. AXmbXv t]mhp-i, C\n \nß-fp-ss -ta Hcp Ip m-tcm-]-w-hp-an-. B \_n-bp-ss-ta Bbn-tcm]nBbncw kemapw kzemøpw h jn p-amdm-i-s. B alm-flmhv Cu D X-amb amxri ÿm]n- p-ibpw AXv \sω ]Tn- n- pibpw snbvxp. A mlp AXn ASn-bp-d- p-\n ev m \ap v ku`mkyw \evip-am-dm-i-s. (Pp-apA JpXzv_ 10-03- 2006. _bvøp ^pxqlv e ) 54

kam-[m\ÿm]-\-øn\pw sx p-[m-cw ZpcoI-cn- p- -Xn-\p-ap-ff AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns ÿm]-i-cpss DZm-Ø-amb A[ym-]-\hpw \n t±ihpw hnhn[ ax- m pw hy n-iƒ p-ap-ff sx mb [mc-w-iƒ AI- p- -Xn-\pw ]c-kv]cw kt m-j-tømspw kvt\l-tømspw Ign-bp- -Xn-\p-ambn hmkvzø akolpw alvznbp-amb AlvaZnøm Pam-A Øns ÿm]-i an km Kpemw AlvaZv JmZn-bm\n(A) k hax ktω-f\w \S-ØpI F ] Xn ka ]n- n-cn- p- p. hnivtsmdnb cm n-bpss Ub-a v Pq_nen BtLm-j-th-f-bn Ah-cpsS apºn Cu ] Xn ka ]n- p-sim v ]d- p,""cu k h-ax ktωf-\-øn Hmtcm-hy- nbpw a p-a-x-ß-fp-ssta ssih-bv msx Xm m-ß-fpss ax-øns ta -Iƒ hnh-cn-t - Xv \n _- -am- Wv.'' (Xplv^x Jbvkz-cnøx, dqlm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 2, t]pv 279) B alm-flmhv CXns Bh-iy-IX hnh-cn- p-sim v ]d- p, ""s]mxpsh ax-t\xm- - mcpw ]mxncnamcpw s]mxp-p-\-ß-tfmsv sx m-bn- p-ff Imcy-ß-fmWv ]d- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. C m-c-w- Øm Ah-cn hntzzjw ]S-cp-I-bm-Wv.'' B alm-flmhv ]d-bp- p, ""AhcptSXv kzp-t±-iy-am-bn-cp-s - n hnip Jp -B-s\-Xn-cn Bt ]w D -bn- p-am-bn-cp- n-. AtX Bt ]w aqkm(-a)-bpss Xudm-Øns\Xncnepw D -bn- -s -Smhp- -Xm-Wv. Ah v sszh-`-b-ap-s - n, Cu {KŸ-ßsf Bt - ]n- p t\cøv {]amww Hgn-I-gn-hmbn \n -bn- m-am-bn-cp- p. AXm- Is apkvenwi-fpss ] AwKo-I-cn- m ] m-øxpw kxyiq\yh-p-am-wv. AXp-sIm v \oxn ]d-bp- -Xv, bqtdm v apgp-h ae- p-i-fpss kz`m-h- m-cm-ip-sa- nepw ]mxn-cn-am AXn s -Sp-I-bn F m-wv. bqtdm- nse {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Ckvemans\ shdp-t mspw \nµm-zr-jvsn-tbmspw t\m n- m-wm ImcWw, ] pap-xte ]mxncn-am hmkvx-h-hn-cp- -amb IY-Iƒ ]d v AXns\ \nµn- m-\pff ]mtw Ah p \evinh p F -Xm-Wv. hnh-c-an- mø Nne apkvenw-i-fpss s]cp-am w \ -X-s Imcyw Rm kω-xn- p- p. A -X-bpsS ioe-ßƒ Ah-cn-ep- v. GXp- t]m-se-sb- m, Nne A]-cn-jvIr-X-cmb apkvenwiƒ A{I-a-]-c-ambn c -sam-gp- p- -Xn- -s t]cv PnlmZp F p sh p- p. {]P-Iƒ \oxn-am-\mb cmpm-hn- 55

s -Xn-cn t]mcm-sp- -Xns t]cv PnlmZv F -. AXv cmpy-t{zml-am-sw v Ah -dn-bn-. DS-ºSn ewln- p-i. \ bv p ]Icw Xn snøpi. \nc-]-cm-[n-isf h[n- p-i XpS-ßnb {]h Øn-Iƒ snøp- -h A{Ian F mwv ]d-b-s -Sp-I. Ckveman-\p-th n t]m cm-sp tbm[mhv F -. ""sszh-{kÿw A{I-a-]-c-ambn t]mcm-sp- -h v hmfp -sim- p-ff in -bmwv ]d- n- p-f-f-xv. kam-[m\w ÿm]n- p- -h pw {]P- Isf ]cn-c- n- p- -h pw Hmtcm P\-Xbv pw kzmx{ yw \evip- h pw [n m-c-øns ]mtw AXv \evip- n-. A m-lp-hns {KŸ-Øn\v Zpjvt]-cp- m- pi F Xv h -\-bm-wv. AXp-sIm v a\n-jy-\- -bv mbn C y-bnse cm n ap ssi-sb-spøv ax-ßfpss bym Y Ah-ÿ-Iƒ {]N-cn- n- p- -Xn\v ax ktω-f-\-ßƒ \S-Øp- Xv hfsc \ Imcy-am-bn-cn- pw.''(xplv^x Jbvkz-cnøx, dqlm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 12, t]pv 280, 281) F m-h-tcmspw A\p-Iº ImWn- pi F Xp Xs -bmwv a\p-jyxzw ""{]nb-s \m p-imtc! s]mxpsh A\p-I-ºm-`m-hsØ {]t_m- [n- mø Hcp axw bym Y-Øn ax-a-. AXp-t]mse Xs A\p- I-ºm-a-t\m-`m-hsØ Dƒs m-f-fmø Hcp a\p-jy a\p-jy F t]cn l-\p-a. A mlp Xs A\p-{Klw Hcp PmXn- m pw \evim-xn-cp- n- n-. B k sshizmxmhv Bcym-h Ø-Ønse ]pcm- X\PmXn- m v GsX mw i n-ifpw t_m[-ßfpw \evintbm AXp-t]m-ep-ff i n-ifpw t_m[-ßfpsa mw Ah Ad-_n- Iƒ pw ]m kn-iƒ pw kndn-b- m pw ssn\- m pw P m Im pw bqtdm-]y pw Ata-cn- - m pw \evin-bn- p- v. A mlp-hns `qan Hcp hncn-s - -t]mse Ch-sc- m-h pw D]-I-cn- p- p. B k ssh-i-\m-ys krjvsn-i-fmb kqcy-n-{µ- mcpw \ - {X-ßfpw Zo]-ßƒ IWs Ah p shfn w \evip-ibpw AtXmsSm w Ahbv v A mlp \n -bn- n- p-ff a p I a-ßƒ Ah \n hln- p-ibpw snøp- p. hmbp, shffw,xo, aæv F o `qh-kvxp- fn \n v F m PmXn-Ifpw ^ew A\p-`-hn- p- p. AXp-t]mse Xs [m\y-ßƒ ^e-aq-em-zn-iƒ XpS-ßnb `qan-bnse Dev]- -ßtfbpw F m-hcpw Xß-fpsS KpW-Øn- mbn D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øp- p. A m-lp-hns k h-hym-]-i-amb Cu ]cn-]m-e\ k{º-zm-b-ßƒ 56

\sω D t_m-[n- n- p- -Xv, \mapw a\p-jy p s]mxpsh \ snøp-ibpw IpSp- mb at\m-`mhw ImWn- msx \ΩpsS A\p-I- ºsb hnkvxr-x-am- p-ibpw thw-sa- m-wv. ""kplr-øp- tf! \Ω-fn GsX- nepw Hcp kap-zm-b- m A mlp-hns Cu k{º-zm-b-ßsf BZ-cn- m-sxbpw Ahs ]mh-\-ßfmb KpW-ßƒs møv Xß-fpsS \S-]-Sn-Isf {Ia-s -Sp-Øm-sXbpw Ccn- p- p-sh- n, Ah Xma-kn-bmsX \mi-a-s-bpw. Ah-cpsS Cu AXn-{I-a-Øns tzmj-^-e-ßƒ Ah-cp-sS-ta am{x-a Ah-cpsS `mhn-x-e-ap-d-i-fp-ss -taepw h p`hn- p- -Xm-Wv. A m-lp-hns KpWhn-ti-j-ßsf X n {]Xn-^-en- n- p- -Xp -aq-e-amwv a\p-jy \misø AXn-Po-hn- p- -Xv. k h-k-am-[m-\-øn-t bpw Dd-hn-S-ßfmb sszh-kp-w-ß-f-\p-k-cn v Pohn-X-N-cy-Isf {Ia-s -Sp-Øp- -XnemWv a\p-jys imco-cn-ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb PohnXw B{i-bn p \nev p- -Xpw. '' (t]kmsa kp l,v dqlm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 23, t]pv 439,440 )(1) {]hm-ni-t\bpw sszh-{k-ÿ-tøbpw Ah-tl-fn- -cpxv At±lw ho pw ]dbp p: ""\nßƒ Ccp-Iq- pw kam-[m\w F{Xbpw AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cn- p Hcp Ime-L- -Øn-emWv Rm tbmpn- n- m-bn-s m v \nß sf Wn p- Xv. temiøv ]exc-øn-ep-ff B]-Øp-Iƒ D mbns m n-cn- p- p. `qi-º-ßfpw ma-ßfpw h p-sim- n-cn- p- p. tπkv \sω C\nbpw hn p-am-dn-bn- n-. A mlp Fs Adn-bn- n-cn- p p: "a\p-jy Ah-cpsS Zp hr-øn-i-fn \n v hnc-an- p-ibpw Ah Xß-fpsS AIr-Xy-ß-sf- p-dn v ] m-ø-]n v ssztømsv a bmnn- p-ibpw snøm-xn-cn- p- p-sh- n, temi-øn\v `b- - c-am-bn-cn- p hn]-øp-ifpw \mi-ßfpw kw`-hn- pw. Hcp hn]øv Hgn- p-t]m-ip- -Xn\p aptº as mcp `b- c \miw XpS p- m- Ip- -Xm-Wv. HSp w a\p-jy Cu hn]-øp-i-fm kw{`-a-nn-ø-cmbn, Atlm! C\n F p kw`-hn- m t]mip p? F p tnmzn p XpS-ßpw. At\-I hnhn-[-ß-fmb B]-Øp-I-fn IpSpßn {`m v ]nsn-s]- -h-sc-t msebmbv `hn- pw. AXp-sIm v A tbm \m p- (1)ssa-{Xn-k-tµiw (a-e-bm-fw) aq mw ]Xn v t]pv 7,8. 2002 Unkw-_ ) 57

Im-cmb ktlm-z-ctc! B \mfp-iƒ hcp- -Xn\v aptº \nßƒ PmKcq-I-cm-Ip-hn! lnµp- fpw apkvenwifpw XΩn k n snø-s. sfiy-øn\v XS- -am-bn-øo-c-ø- -hn[w A\ymbw {]h Øn- n-cn- p kap-zmbw B A\ym-bsØ Dt]- n- -s. A m-ø-] w At\y-\y-ap-ff kv] [bv pw sshc-øn\pw B kap-zmbw DØ-chm-Zn-bm-Ip- -Xm-Wv. ""ax-]-c-amb A`n-{]m-b-ssh-]-co-Xy-ßƒ aq-ew -hn-hn[ kap-zm-bmw-kßƒ n-s-bnepff kulm Z `mh-øn\v {]Xn-_- -am-bn-øo-cp `n - Xm-_o-P-ßƒ Znt\\ hf p-sim- p-t]m-ip-tºmƒ ]c-kv]cw ssa{xn Fßs\ km[y-am-ip-sa i F m-h pw D m-tb- mw. AXn\p Rm\n-hnsS kam-[m\w ]d- p-sim-f-f-s : "bym Y-Øn ax-]-c-amb ssh]-coxyw bp n-tbbpw \oxn-t_m-[-tøbpw A\p-`-h- m-\- tøbpw Bkv]-Z-am- n-bp-ff hnnn- -\-Øns ^e-am-bn-cn-t - -Xm- Ip- p. a\p-jy hnth-i-_p- n-bm hn`q-jn-x-\m-bn-cn- p- Xv, Ah bp nbv pw \oxn-t_m-[-øn\pw \nc- m-øxpw A\p-`-h- m-\- Øn\p FXn-cm-b-Xp-amb H pw ssis m-f-fm-xn-cn-t - -Xn\p Xs bm-wv. Cu hkvxpx {Kln- p- -Xm-bm, elp-x-c-amb A`n-{]m-b-t`- Z-ß-sfm pw ssa{xnbv p XS- -am-ip-i-bn-s v t_m[y-s -Sp- -Xm- Wv. ]c-kv]ckulm Z-Øn\pw ssa{xn pw {]Xn-_- -am-bn-øo-cp- Xv, Hcp Iq as m-cp-iq- -cpss ` ym-z-c-ßƒ p ]m{x-amb {]hm- N-I-t\tbm alm-flm-hn-t\tbm Ah-cpsS ]hn-{x-{k-ÿ-tøtbm Ahtl-fn- p- -Xn\pw A]-e-]n- p- -Xn\pw t{]cn-x-cm-bn-øo-cp Xc- Øn-ep-ff hnizm-km-`n-{]mb ssh]-coxyw am{x-am-ip- p.'' (t]kmsa kp l,v dqlm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 23, t]pv 444 ) (2) ""{]nb kplr-øp- tf! Hmtcm kap-zm-bhpw A\y-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp ss {]hm-n-i- msc \nµn p ]d-bp-ibpw Bt -]n- p-ibpw snøp- Xv Imem- c-øn ico-c-øn\p am{x-a-, Bflm-hn-\p-IqSn \miw hcp-øp- Xpw Aßs\ ax-]-chpw euin-i-hp-amb Pohn-X-sØ-Xs l\n- p-i-f-bp- -Xp-amb Hcp `b- c hnj-am-sw v Zo L-Im-esØ A\p-`-h-ßfpw ]e-t m-gm-bp-f-f -]-co- -W-ßfpw \Ωƒ p sxfnbn p X ncn- p- p. GsXmcp cmpy-\n-hm-kn-iƒ At\ym\yw axm- Nm-cy- msc Bt -]n- p-ibpw Ahsc Ah-tl-fn p ]d-bp-ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cn- p- pthm Ah p kam-[m-\-po-hnxw km[y- (2) ssa-{xn-k-tµiw (a-e-bm-fw) aq mw ]Xn v t]pv 14,15. 2002 Unkw-_ ) 58

am-ip- -X-.Hcp kap-zmbw as mcp kap-zm-b-øns {]hm-n-i- mtcbpw As - n Ccp-Iq- cpw At\ym\yw {]hm-n-i- m-tcbpw Ejnam-tcbpw Ah-Xm-c-]p-cp-j- m-tcbpw A[n-t -]n- p-ibpw Zpjn- p- ]-d-bp-ibpw snøp- p-sh- n, B kap-zm-b-ßƒ p At\ym\yw Hcn- epw bym Y-amb sfiyhpw ssa{xn-bp-ap- m-bn-øo-cp-i-bn. Xm hniz-kn- m-z-cn- p {]hm-n-i-t\tbm axm-nm-cy-t\tbm as mcp-h \nµn- p- Xp tiƒ p-tºmƒ B mwv tcmj-ap- m-im- ØXv? {]txy-in pw apkvenwiƒ {]hm-n-i Xn-cp-ta-\nsb sszhtam sszh-]p-{xt\m Bbn hnnm-cn- p- n-s - nepw Ah B ]pwymflm-hns\ `qpm-x-cmb kie alm-flm- -sf- mfpw t{ijvt-s\ v hniz-kn- p- -XpsIm v,b \_n(k)xn-cp-ta-\nsb kw_- n v kwkm-cn- p- Xv _lp-am-\m-z-c-ß-tfmsp IqSn-bm-Im-Ø-] w Hcp bym Yapkvenap-ambn kvt\l-_ w \ne-\n-dp-øp-hm Hcp Aapkv enan\p Hcn- epw km[y-am-ip- -X-. ""Rßƒ CX-c-k-ap-ZmbßfpsS {]hm-n-i- msc Hcn- epw \nµn- p- n-,-a-dn p temiøv ]e Ime-L- -ß-fn-embn hnhn[pmxn-ifpss CS-bn BK-X-cm-bn- p-ff kie {]hm-n-i- m-tcbpw hniz-kn- m-z-cn- p-i-bmwv snøp- -Xv. B alm-flm- -fn timsn- -W- mb P\-ßƒ hniz-kn- p-ibpw Ah-cp-sS-t]-cn temi-øns GsX- n-ep-samcp `mk-øp-ff Hcp P\-hn-`mKw kvt\l-_-lp-am-\-ßƒ A ]n- p-ibpw Cu Ahÿ At\I bpk-ß-fmbn XpS phcn-ibpw snbvx-xp-xs B alm-flm- -fpss kxy-øn-te v axn-bmb sxfnhm-wv. F p-sim-s - m, Ah sszh-\n-bp- -cmb kxy-]p-cpj- m-cm-bn-cp- n-s - n Ah-cpsS t]cn timsn- -W- mb P\- ß-fpsS lrz-b-ß-fn ÿmbn-bmb ` n-hn-izm-k-ßƒ IpSn-sIm- n-cn- m kwk-xn-bm-ip-am-bn-cp- n-. sszhw \ntbm-kn- -b- p alm-flm- ƒ p- m-ip Xc-Øn-ep-ff kzoim-cy-xbpw _lp-am- \hpw A\y v kn n- p- -Xn\v B ` -h- -e Hcn- epw CSh-cp-Øp-I-bn-. Hcp If-f-hmZn kxy-{]-hm-n-i- msc-t mse A`n-\- bn v Ah-cpsS ÿm\sø ssitb-dp- -Xn\v `mhn- p- -] w Ah Xma-kn-bmsX \mi-a-s-bp- -Xm-Wv.'' (t]kmsa kp l,v dqlm \o Jkm-bn hmfyw 23, t]pv 452,453 )(3) (3) ssa-{xn-k-tµiw (a-e-bm-fw) aq mw ]Xn vt]pv 24-26. 2002 Unkw-_ 59

ssa{xn-bmwv KpW-{]Zw hmkvzø akolv lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) ]d-bp p: ""{]nb-s - -h tc! kam-[m-\-sø-t]mse Imay-am-bn v as m- p-an-. hcp-hn! \Ωƒ Ccp-Iq- pw Cu D`-b-k-ΩXw aptj\ H n- mw. Hcp PmXn-bm-bn- Øo-cmw. At\ym\yw {]hm-n-i- m-tcbpw ax-{k-ÿ-ß-tfbpw Bt - ]n- aqew F{X-am{Xw On{Zhpw hg- p-amwv D m-bn-øo n-cn- p- -sx pw cmpy-øn\v F{X -am{xw \jvs-amwv kln-t n h ncn- p- -sx pw \nßƒ ImWp- p- -t m. hcp-hn! C\n At\ym \yw ax-t_m-[-ßsf hi-sh- p -sim-sp- p kln-jvwp-xm-io-e- Øns A\p-{K-l-^-e-ß-tfbpw H p ]co- n- p -t\m- p-hn! CX s{x ]c-kv]cw k n- m\pw ssa{xn-`m-hw- ]p-e Øm-\p-ap-ff DØa-am Kw. CX- msx at -sx- nepw am tkw ssa{xn ÿm]n- msa v hnnm-cn p- Xv Zp K- -ta-dnb Nehpw ZpjvSpw Df-fn-e-S-ßnb Hcp ]cp-hns _mly-amb Xnf w I p Xr]vXn-s -Sp- -Xn\v Xpeyam-Ip- p.'' (t]kmsa kp l,v dqlm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 23, t]pv 456 )(4) ax-øns bym Y Dt±iyw ssa{xn ktµ-iw F {KŸ-Øn hmkvzø akolv lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) XpS v ]d-bp p: ""ax-[ aw F m sszhw hntcm- [n- - kw-k-xn-i-fn \n-s mw Hgn- p-\n-ev p-ibpw Ahs A`ojvSsØ txsn\s- p-i-bpw- A-hs kie krjvsn-iƒ pw \ bpw D]-Im-chpw snøp-ibpw F m-h-tcmspw A\p-Iº ImWn- p-ibpw temi-øp -h kie {]hm-n-i- mcpw AX-Xp-Im-eØp a\p-jysc \ m- n-øo p- -Xn\v Fgp-t -ev]n- -s - -Zn-hy-Zq-X- mcpw ]cnjv Øm- -fp-am-sw v hniz-kn- p-ibpw Ah-cpsS CS-bn hyxym kw Iev]n- m-xn-cn- p-ibpw F m a\p-jy-tcmspw Zbm-]q hw s]cpam-dp-ibpw snøpi F -Xm-Ip- p. CXp Xs -bmwv Ckvemw a-x- Øns cxv\- p-cp w. F m, \ΩpsS hµy-h-µy-\mb \_n(-k)- Xn-cp-ta-\nsb sszh-`-b-te-i-sat\y A\ym-b-am-b-\n-e-bn \nµn p ]d-bp-ibpw A[n-t -]n- p-ibpw \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss t]cn Aip- -amb Ip -ß-fm-tcm-]n- p-ibpw snøp- -h-cp-ambn Rßƒ Fßs\-bmWv ssa{xn-bp- m-t - Xv? Rm kxy-ambpw \nß-tfmsp ]d-bp- p, acp-`q-an-bnse k -ß-fp-ambpw Im nse sn m-bv -fp- (4)ssa-{Xn-k-tµiw (a-e-bm-fw) aq mw ]Xn v t]pv 30. 2002 Unkw-_ 60

ambpw Rßƒ v sfiy-`m-h-ønepw kulm Z-Ønepw h Øn- phm km[n- p- -Xm-bmepw, Rß-fpsS Poh-s\- mfpw amxm-]n-xm- -sf- mfpw G hpw{]nb-s ]cn-ip \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss t]cn Zqjym-tcm-]Ww snøp- -h-cp-am-bn v Rßƒ v ssa{xn-bn Ign- p-iq-spi Akm- y-amwv! A mlp Rßsf Ckveman Xs arxn-b-s-bp-hm A\p-{K-ln- p-am-dm-is! Rßƒ ax-hn-izm-k-øns -Xn-cmbn H pw snøm Hcp- -a-... -Ckvemw Hcp kap- Zm-b-Øn-t bpw ax-t\-xm- - msc Hcn- epw A[n-t -]n- p-itbm Ip -s -Sp-Øp-Itbm snømø ]cn-ip ax-am-ip- p. hnip Jp - B F m PmXn- m-cp-tsbpw {]hm-n-i- msc AwKn-I-cn- p-sim v hnhn[ PmXn-I-fp-tSbpw kap-zm-b-ß-fp-tsbpw CS-bn kam-[m-\-ønt bpw kulm Z-Øn-t bpw ASn-ÿm-\-an p X n-cn- p Hcp ]hn{x {KŸ-hp-am-Wv. temi-ønse ax-{k-ÿ-ß-fn h v Jp -B-\pam-{Xta Cu ku`mkyw kn n- n- p-f-fp. s]mxpsh {]hm-n-i- m-sc- n B hnip {KŸw C{]-Im-c-amWv ]Tn- n- n-cn- p- -Xv "A tbm hnizm-kn-itf! ]d-bp-hn, Rßƒ temi-øp- mb kie {]hm-n-i- m-cnepw hniz-kn- p p; Nnesc hniz-kn- p-ibpw a p- Nn-esc hniz-kn- m-xn-cn- p-ibpw snøp Xc-Øn Ah-cn Bsc -kw-_- n pw hyxymkw `mhn- p- n-.' (2:137, 3:85) Cßs\ kam-[m\w ]pe Øp D]-tZ-i-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb a p- h sszhn-i-{k-ÿhpw temi-øp-s - n AXns t]cv ]d-bp-hn! k h-zm-xm-hmb sszh-øns Ir]m-hn-X-cWw Hcp tkm{x-øn\pw h K-Øn\pw {]txy-i-am-bp-f-f-xm-sw v hnip- -Jp -B ]d-bp- n-. Ckvdm-bo tkm{x-øn-ep- mb bav-jq_v, Ckvlm-Jv, aqkm, Zmhq-Zv, Cukm apx-emb {]hm-n-i- m-sc- m-htcbpw AXv AwKo-Icn- p. t] jy-bntem C y-bntem at -sx- nepw cmpyøntem D mb Hcp {]hm-n-i-t\bpw hymp-hm-zn-sbt m I]-S- m-c-s\t m AXp ]d- n-. adn v F m cmpy-ønepw kap-zm-b-ønepw {]hm-n- I- m-cp- m-bn- p-f-f-xmbn kphy w {]kvxm-hn- p-sim v kie kap- Zm-b-ß-fp-tSbpw CS-bn kam-[m-\hpw kulm Zhpw ]pe Øp- - Xn-\p-ff AkvXn-hm-csØ AXp Dd- n- p-i-bmwv snbvxn-cn- p- - Xv. F m, kam-[m-\-øns ktµihml-i-\mb B {]hm-n-i 61

(k)- Xn-cp-ta-\nsb CXc PmXn- m AIm-c-W-ambn iim-cn- p-ibpw A[n-t -]n- p-ibpw \nµn p ]d-bp-ibpw snøp- Xv lm! F{X a a-t`-z-i-am-bn- p-f-f-xmwv!! A tbm {]nb \m p-imtc! Rm C{Xbpw \nß-tfmsp ]d- Xv \nßsf thz-\n- n- p- -Xnt\m \nß-fp-ss- a-t\m-hn-im-c-ßsf Xs -Sp-Øp- -Xnt\m Bbn- ; kzzn-nm-c-tøm-sp-iqsn \nßsf Hcp kwkxn t_m[y-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn-\m-bn- m-ip- p. AXm-bXv CX-c-k-ap- Zm-b- m-cpss {]hmn-i- msc iim-cn- p- Xpw A[nt -]n- p- Xpw Hcp ioe-am- p-ibpw Cu Zpk-{º-Zm-bsØ Xß-fpsS ax-øns `m- K-sa-t mww ssis m-f-fp-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p GsXmcp kap- Zm-b- mcpw Hcp sxfnhpw IqSm-sX-bp-ff Ah-cpsS Cu A\ym-bamb ssiimcyw \nanøw sszh-zr-jvsn-bn ]m]n-i-fm-bn-øo-cp- p. Xt -bp-a-, Ah kap-zm-b-ßƒ n-s-bn hn-tcm-[-øn-t bpw hntzzj-øn-t bpw _opm-hm]w snøp- p-sh Ip -Øn-\p-IqSn ]m{x-ambn-øo-cp- p. Hcmƒ as m-cm-fpss A s\ NoØ ]dp-b-itbm AΩbpsS t]cn A]-hmZw ]d-bp-itbm snøp ] w Bbmƒ bym Y-Øn Xs kz w amxm-]n-xm- - m-cpss am\-øn\p Xw hcp-øp-i-bt snøp- sx v \nßƒ H v Btem-Nn v ]d-bp-hn! GsXm-cmsf C{]-Imcw iim-cn- p-ibpw NoØ-]-d-bp-Ibpw snbvxpthm Abmƒ AXn\p ]I-c-am-bn- a-t -bmƒ pw AtX `mj-bnep-ff NoØ-hm- p-iƒ tiƒ]n- p-i-bm-sw- n, Cu NoØ-Iƒ v bym Y-Øn Im-c-W-`q-X BZyw NoØ-]-d- -h-\m-sw- t \mw ]d-bpi? Cu \ne v Xs amxm-]n-xm- - m-cpss am\-øns i{xp hpw Bbmƒ Xs bmbn-cn- p-at m!''(t]kmsa kp l,v dqlm\o Jkmbn hmfyw 23, t]pv 458 460)(5) am\-km- -c-s -Sp-hn, c -s -Sp-hn AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns ÿm]-i hmkvzø akolv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A) ]d-bp p: ""Hm Øp-sIm- p-hn! hf-sc-b-[niw `qi-ºßsf Ipdn v A mlp F\n p Adnhv \evin-bn-cn- p- p. AXpsIm v Ata-cn- -tbbpw bqtdm- n-t\bpw `qi-º-ßƒ Ipep- n- -f- -Xp-t]mse Gjy-tbbpw Ipep- p-sa v Dd- n- p-sim-f-fp-hn. Ahbn NneXv {]f-b-zn-\-øn\v Xpey-am-bn-cn- pw. c - p-g-iƒ Hgp-Ip- (5)ssa-{Xn-k-tµiw (a-e-bm-fw) aq mw ]Xn v t]pv 33 36. 2002 Unkw-_ ) 62

amdv At\-Iw-t] ac-w-a-s-bpw. Cu a-c-w-øn \n v ] n-arkm-zn- IƒIqSn c -bn-em-bn-cn- -bn-. a\p-jy-\p- mb \mƒ Xp-Sßn \mfn- Xp-hsc kw`-hn- n- n- m-ø -hn[w AXy w `b- -c-amb \miw `qap- J-Øp- m-im t]mip- p. A[n-I-amb ÿe-ßfpw Ahn-S-ß-fn Hcn- epw P\-hm-k-ap- m-bn- n-s v txm p-amdv ASn-ta adn- pt]m-ipw. CtXm-Sp-IqSn `qan-bnepw BIm-i-Ønepw `b- c cq]-ønep-ff a p ]e \mi-ßfpw kw`-hn- pw...b \mfp-iƒ ASpØp hcp- p; A. Ah ]Sn-hm-Xn FØn- -gn- n-cn- p- p. Hcp alm{]f-b-øns (Jn-bm-a-Øn-s )-ImgvN temiw ImWp- -Xm-Wv. `qi-º-ßƒ am{x-a, `oi-c-ß-fmb a p ]e hn]-øp-ifpw `qan-bn \n pw BIm-i-Øn \n pw shfn-s -Spw. CXp-I-sf mw kw`-hn- p- Xv a\p-jy sszhsø ad v ` n-am KsØ Dt]- n- p-i bpw Ah apgp-a-\- mse euin-i-øn Xs B]-Xn- p-ibpw snbvx-xn-\m-es{x! Rm h n- m-bn-cp-s - n Cu \mi-ßƒ Aev]w ]nd-tim v am n-sh- -s -Sp-am-bn-cp- p. F m, Rm h txm-sp-iqsn B sszh-øns ad p InS cl-ky-]-cn-]m-sn-i-sf mw {]Xy- -am-bn-øp-s-ßn-bn-cn- p- p. "Hcp {]hm-n-is\ Fgp-t -ev]n- - msx \mw Hcp P\-X-tbbpw in n- p-i-bn ' F v A mlp Jp -B-\n ]d- n-cn- p- p.(17:16)... Cu \mi-ß-fn \n v AXo-X-cm-bn-cn- m-sa v \nßƒ Icp-Xp- pt m? Ir{Xn-a-am K-ß-fnepw X{ -ßƒsIm pw kzbw c s -Sm \nßƒ p Ign-bptam? Hcn- -ep-an! B \mfn F m am\p-jn-i-x-{ -ßfpw Bkq-{X-W-ßfpw ]cm-p-b-s -Sp-I-Xs sn øpw. Ata-cn XpS-ßnb cmpy-ß-fn i -amb `qi-º-ap- m-bn, \nß-fpss cmpyw AXn \n v c -s p F v \nßƒ [cn- -. AXn-s\- mƒ IqSp-X \mi-øns apjw Hcp-]t \nßƒ ImWpw. A tbm bqtdm-t! \obpw c -bn-e-. A tbm Gjym! \obpw c -bn-e-. A tbm Zzo]p-I-fn hkn- p- -htc! Hcp {In{Xna sszhhpw \nßsf klm-bn- p-i-bn-. -a-lm-\-k-c-ßƒ adn- p-hogp- Xv Rm ImWp- p. P\-_m-lp-ey-ap-ff ÿe-ßƒ iq\y-ambn `hn- p- Xpw Rm ImWp- p. B GI-\mb sszhw Ime-am-bn v au\n-bm-bn-cp- p. Ahs I ap-ºn shdp- -s {]h Øn-Iƒ 63

snø-s - p. Ah au\w ]men- p. F m, C\n Ah Kmw`o-cytØm-Sp-IqSn Xs apjw ImWn- pw. tiƒ m snhn-bp-f-f-h ti psim-f-f-s ; B kabw Zqc-Ø-. A m-lp-hns A`-b-Øn Io-gn F m-h-tcbpw Hcp-an p Iq m Rm {ian- p. F m, \nb-xn-\nbaw ]q Øn-bm-tI- Xpw \n _- -am-w-t m. Rm k-xy-ambpw \nß-tfmsp ]d-bp p:"cu cmpy-øns Ah-[nbpw kao-]n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. \qlns Imew \nß-fpss I ap-ºn hcpw. eqøns cmpy-øn kw`-hn- Xv \nß-fpss kz w IÆp-IƒsIm v ImWpw. F m, A mlp t{im[w shfn-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn kmh-[m-\n-bm- Ip- p. X qew \nßƒ sszh-im-cp-wy-øn\v ]m{x-am-bn-øo-cp- - Xn\v ] m-ø-]n v am\-km- cw hcp-øp-hn.''(ljo-j-øp hlvbv, dq-lm\o Jkm-bn hmfyw 22, t]pv 268,269) Ckvemans If- p-t]mb aløzw hos -Sp- m hmkvzø ako-lns Pam-A-Øn {]th-in-t - Xv \n _- -am-ip- p AXp-sIm v C v Zo\ns ]p\-cp- o-h-\-øn\pw Ckvem-ans If- p-t]mb {]uvnbpw kuµ-cyhpw Xncn- p-sim- p-h-cp- -Xn\pw \_n(-k)-bvs -Xn-cn-ep B{I-a-WsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n- p- -Xn\pw A mlp Xs GsXmcp tbm mhn-s\-bmtwm Fgp-t -ev]n- Xv At±-lsØ ]n ]- nbpw At±lw \evinb sxfn-hp-ifpw {]am-wßfpw D]-tbm-Kn pw A mlp At±-l-Øn\v t\cn v \ In-b- - A[ym-]-\-a-\p-k-cn v {]h Øn pwsim v Ckvem-an-t bpw \_n- Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-tSbpw ]XmI ]q W -Bthi-tØm-Sp-w {]uvntbmspw IqSn temiøv ]d- n-t - Xm-Wv. C im-a- m-lv. AXv ]d- n- psim-t -t]m-ip- -Xm-Wv. hmkvzø akolv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A) C m-esø {]m[m\yw hnh-cn- p-sim v ]d-bp- p: ""Ckvem-an-s - ta F{X ITn-\-X-c-amb Zn\-kßfmWv h v `hn n p Xv. A mlp AXp-sIm- mwv Hcp Pam-AØv cq]o-i-cn- -Xv.If- p-t]mb {]uvnsb AXv Xncn- p-sim- p-h-cp- -Xm-Wv. apkvenw-itf! \nßƒ \nß-fpss ]nsn-hmin Dt] n- p-i. Nn n- p-i. \_n(-k)-bp-ss- ta \m\m-`m-k-øp -\n pw B{I-a-W-ap- m-ip CØcw kµ `-Ønepw At±-l-Øns A`n-am-\sØ kwc- n- p- -Xn-\mbn A mlp Bth-i-tØmsS h n-s - mtwm? B D -cwn C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. 64

""Cu Imew F{X A\p-Krlo-X-am-Wv. timem-l-e-ßƒ \nd C meøv A mlp Ahs A\p-{K-lw-sIm- p-am{xw \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta- \n-bpss aløzw {]I-Sn- n- m A\p-Kr-lo-X-amb Cu Xocp-am-\- sa-sp-øp. AXm-b-Xv, AZr-iy-ambn Ckvem-ans\ klm-bn- m-\p G m-sp- m- n. Ah-s\mcp Pam-AØv cq]o-i-cn- p. Ckvem-an-\pth n thz-\-b-\p-`-hn- p- -h-tcmsv Rm tnmzn- m-\m-{k-ln- p-ibmwv. CXn-s\- mƒ hen-sbmcp `ojwn t\cn- -Imew CXn\p aptº Ckvem-an-\p- m-bn- pt m? \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-tbbpw hnip- -Jp -Bt\bpw \nµn pibpw A]-l-kn- p-ibpw snbvx Hc-h-kcw CXn- \paptº IS- p-i-gn- n- pt m? apkvenw-i-fpss Imcy-tam p-tºmƒ F\n v AXn-bmb hnj-mzhpw ZpxJ-hp-ap- m-ip- p. Nne-t mƒ \nb- { Ww ssihn p-t]m-ip- p. Cu A\m-Z-chv a\- n-em- m-\p t_m[w- t]mepw Ch-cn Ah-ti-jn- p- nt? CØcw timem-le-ßƒ \S- p-tºmƒ CXns\ XS-bm\pw Ckvem-ans i{xp- -fpss hmb-s- n v \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss A`n-am-\hpw A pw temi-øpb Øn- n-sn- m\pw Hcp PamAØv cq]o-i-cn- m t]mepw A mlp Xøm-dm-bn-s - mtwm? A m-lphpw Ahs ae- p-ifpw kzbw \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-ss-ta A\p-{K-lm-in- p-iƒ t\cp-tºmƒ \_n- Xn-cp-ta-\nsb \nµn- p C m-eøv \Ωƒ B kzemøv {]I-S-amt - Xv F{X-am{Xw \n _- -am-wv. AXn-\p G m-smwv Cu Pam-A-Øns cq]-øn A mlp snbvxn- p- -Xv.''(a ^q-zmxv hmfyw 3 t]pv 8,9. 2003 ]Xn- v) Cßs\ Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øn-\p henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWp - Xv. ImcWw hmkvzø akolv lzvdøv AlvaZv(A) s\ hniz-kn- p p F -XmWv Alva-Zn-I-fmb \ΩpsS hmzw. AXp-sIm v \_n- Xn-cp-ta-\n-s -Xn-cn A]-a-cym-Z-bpsS {]fbw {]h-ln n-cn- p Cu L -Øn Xo -bmbpw A m-lp-hns ae- p-iƒ \_n-bp-ss-ta A\p-{K-lm-iw-k-Iƒ t\cp- p mipw. F -, A\p-{K-lm-iw-k-Iƒ Xo -bmbpw t\cp- p- v.t\ ps m ncn p pap v.at mƒ hmkvzø akolv lzvdøv AlvaZv (A)s\ hniz-kn \Ωfpw \ΩpsS {]m Y\-Isf kzem-øns A n-en v hm søspt - - Xm-Wv. kxy-k- -X-tbm-Sp-IqSn A -co- -Øn A[n-I-a[n-I-ambn kzemøv hnx-dp-i. Aßs\ AXns Hmtcm `mkhpw kzem-øns ]cn-afw ]c-øp- -Xmbn Xoc-s. \ΩpsS F m {]m Y\-Ifpw Cu 65

kzem-øns am[y-ÿ-øm A m-lp-hns Z _m-dn-seøn kzoimcy-øns \ne {]m]n- p- -Xmbn Xoc-s. CXmWv \_n(-k) Xncpta-\n-tbm-Spw IpSpw_tØmSpap kvt\l-øn-t bpw t{]a-øn-t bpw {]I-S\w. A mlp apkvenw kap-zm-b-øn\v hnthiw \evip-amdm-i-s. CsX mw a\- n-em- m-\p Ignhv \evip-am-dm-i-s. A mlp-hns Cu ktµ-i-hm-l-is\ Xncn- -dn-bp- -h-cm-bn-øo-c-s. sf Iy-Øn-t bpw kam-[m-\-øn-t bpw kvt\l-øn-t bpw A -co- sø ho pw temiøv kr n- p-sim v \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss ÿm\ sø Db Øn-s m- n-cn- p Ahn-SsØ Bflo-b-kp-Xs Pam- A-Øn AwK-ß-fm-Im A mlp apkvenw-iƒ v ku`mkyw \evipam-dm-i-s. t\m p-i, CXv apl d -am-k-am-wv. Cu ]cn-ip- am-køn apl-ωzv \_n-bpss DΩ-Øn-bm-bn-s m v AtX aæn ho pw apkvenw-iƒ apkvenw-i-fpss c -sam-gp- p-i-bm-wv. Ah ]mtw ]Tn- p- n-. Ct mgpw tnmc Hgp- n-s m-t -bn-cn- p-ibm-wv. A mlp Ch v kzv_p n \evip-am-dm-i-s. Cu {]h Ø-\-Øn \n v ]n ncn-bp- -h-cmbn Xoc-s.ssZh-`bw lrz-b-øn-ep- m- n-s m v Ckv em-ans bym Y ]mt-a-\p-k-cn v {]h Øn- p- -h-cmbn Xoc-s. Ch CsX mw snøp- Xv Ime-Øns Cam-ans\ Xncn- -dn-bm- Ø-Xp-sIm- m-wv.\_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss Iev]-\sb \ntj-[n- p- -XpsIm- m-wv. C v Hmtcm Alva-Zn pw hfsc henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øam-Wp- -Xv.\nßƒ C m-esø Cam-ans\ Xncn- -dn- -h-cm-wv. \_n- Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp kvt\lm-th-i-øm Hcp-]mSv kzemøv snm ns m- n-cn- p-i. {]m Y\-I-fn apgp-ip-i. \nßƒ p- th- nbpw a p apkvenw-iƒ pth nbpw A mlp apkvenw kapzmbsø \mi Øn \n v c n- p -Xn\p th nbpw {]txyiw {]m Yn p-i-. \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-tbm-sp kvt\lw \tωmsv Bh-iy-s -Sp- -Xv \mw \ΩpsS {]m Y-\-I-fn apkven-w kapzmbøn\v th n IqSp-X kabw am n-sh- pi F -XmWv. A\y-cpsS Dt±-iy-ßƒ icn-bm-b- X-. GsX mw KqVX{ ßfmWv Ah s Xncn \S m\ncn p Xv Adn-bn-. A mlp IcpW snøpam-dmi-s. A mlp \sω Ft mgpw t\cmb ]mx-bn-eqss \S-Øp-am-dm-Is. \Ωfpw A m-lp-hns \µn-bp Zmk-cm-bn-Øo-c-s. Ah \ap v C m-esø Cam-ans\ hniz-kn- m `mkyw \evinb-xn\v Ah-t\mSv 66

\µn ImWn- p- sim- n-cn- p-i. \ΩpsS IS-a-Iƒ \ -hæw \nd-th- m {ian- p-i. \Ωƒ Ft mgpw Ahs Xr]vXn-bpsS am K-Øn \S- p- -h-cm-bn-øo-c-s. (Pp-apA JpXzv_ 24-02- 2006 _bvøp ^pxqlv, e ) 67

Ckvemapw BhnjvImckzmX{ yhpw AlvaZnø apkvenw Pam-AØns ]c-tam- X - - t\-xmhv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv(A-ø-Z-lp- m-lv) 2012 sk]v w-_ 21\v snbvx PpapA JpXzv_tbbpw AXn-t\m-S\ - p-_ - n v \S-Ønb ]{X-kt- Ω-f\ - tøbpw kw_- n v BtKmf am[y-aß - f - pss Ah-tem-I\ - w 69

{] v UkvIv e 2012 k]vxw-_ 22 apkvenwifpss BtKmf t\xmhv Ckvemw hncp kn\n-asb A]-e-]n p AlvaZnø apkvenw Pam-A-Øns BtKmf t\-xmhv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln_v ]d p: "apkvenwi-fpss ZpxJhpw tcmjhpw ]q W-ambpw \ymbamwv. F m, A{Ia{]h Ø-\-ßƒ A]-e-]n s -S-Ww. BtKmf AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øns BtKmf t\xmhv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln_v temiw apgp-h-\p-ap-ff apkvenwi-fpss hnim-c-ßsf {hw-s -Sp-Ønb kn\na Innocence of Muslim s s\xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n- m\pw apgp-tem-i-øp-apff apkvenwiƒ CXn-s\-Xnsc kam-[m-\-]-c-amb \ne-bn kwl-sn- m\pw D]-tZ-in- p. F m P\-ß-fp-tSbpw ax-]-c-amb hnim-c-ßƒ kpc- n-x-ambn \ne-\n-dp-øm Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ y-øn\v ]cn- [n-iƒ \n W-bn- -W-sa v At±lw ]d- p. sk]v w-_ 21 \v akvpnzv _bvøp ^pxq-lv e -\n snbvx PpapA {]`m-j-w-øn At±lw ]d p: temiw apgp-h-\p-ap-ff apkvenwiƒ v Cu kn\n-abpw \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\nsb A]-Io Øns -S-Øm {ian- p-sim v {^m kn {]kn- o-i-cn Im q ]p\x{]kn- o-i-cn- p-sa Hcp {]kn ]{X-Øns Xocp-am-\hpw Hcp-]mSv hnj-a-amwv Gev]n- n- p-f-f-xv. am[y-a-ß-fpss {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ AXm-b-Xv _n.-_n.kn \yqkv. _n.-_n.kn \yqkv ss\ v, kvimbv \yqkv, kvimbv Ad-_n, dbvt -gvkv, {] v Atkm-kn-tb-j XpSßn [mcmfw a p {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fpw Cu Ah-k-c-Øn k n-ln-x-cm-bn-cp- p. Ppap- A-bv p-tijw Ah Jeo-^-bp-ambn IqSn- m-gvnbpw \S-Øn. Xs {]`m-j-w-øn Jeo-^-Øp akolv ]d- p, "Ckvemw hncp kn\n-abv pw a p B{I-a-W-ßƒ pw ]n n Ckvemant\mSv Fs pw \ne-\n phcp `b-am-wv. F -, Bhn-jv m-ckzm-x-{ y-øns t]cn Ahsc tamiamb Imcyßƒ v t{]cn- n- p- Xv Ckvemant\mSp-ff Ah-cpsS ]n n-cn-t m- hpw ]cm-pb-hp-amwv. 71

lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln_v hnhn[ apkvenw cmjv {Sßfn `oi-c-hm-zn-iƒ \S-Ønb A{Ia {]h Ø-\-ßsf i - ambn A]-e-]n- p. At±lw ]d- p, Aw_m-kn-U am-tc-bpw- F-º kn DtZym-K-ÿ-tcbpw a p \ncm-]-cm-[n-i-tfbpw h[n- p- Xv Ckveman- Im-[ym-]-\-ßƒ v XnI pw hncp- -am-wv. s]mxp-ap-x-ep-iƒ \in- n- p- Xv Atß-b w sx m-wv. Ckveman\p NoØ-t]-cp- m- m {ian- p- -h v am{xta AXp-sIm v t\ -ap-f-fp. Nne _m[y-x- Iƒ v Nne-Xn-s -ta ap K-W\ \evti- -Xn-s\-kw-_- n v Jeo- ^-Øp a-kolv ]d p: "Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ y-øns t]cn apgp-tem-i-øn-t bpw kam-[m\w \in- m ]msn-.' BtKmf t\xm- - m-tcmspw s]mxp-p-\-ß-tfmspw At±lw ]d- p, "-C-Øcw kn\na \n am-xm- ƒ pw Im q hc-bv p- -h pw Ft mgpw ]n pw \evin-s m v A-Xm-sW- n a p-f-f-h-cpss ax-hn-im-c-ßsf {hws -Sp-Øp- Xpw \nc-]-cm-[n-iƒ v hnj-a-ap- m- p- -Xp-amWv tem- IØv hntzzjw Bfn- -Øn- m Fs - nepw snbvxp-sim- n-cn- p-i-bmtwm F v \nßfpw Nn n-t - -Xm-Wv. {]tim-]-\-]-c-amb Imcy-ßƒs -Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn- p-sim v Jeo- ^-Øp a-kolv kie apkvenwi-tfmspw kwl-sn-xhpw ^e-{]-z-hpamb adp-]sn \evim D]-tZ-in- p. At±lw ]d- p, "apkvenw `c- W-Iq-S-ßfpw ]m m-xy-cm-pyøv hkn- p apkvenwifpw tn psim v Ckveman-t bpw lzvdøv apl-ω-zp-\-_n(-k)-xncp-ta-\n-bp tsbpw kam-[m\]q Æamb A[ym-]-\-ßƒ temi-øns apºn {]N-cn- n-t - -Xm-Wv. Ft mgpw F m Xe-ß-fnepw Ckveman-t\bpw \_n(-k) -Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS ]cn-ip kz`m-h-ß-tfbpw ImØp-kq- n- m kam-[m-\-]-]q Æamb \ne-]msv kzoi-cn-t - -Xm-Wv.' lpzq ]d- p, "`oi-c-{]-h Ø\w CXn\p adp-]-sn-b-. CXn-\p-ff adp-]sn Rm ]d p h Xp Xs -bm-wv. AXm-bXv \ΩpsS I a-ßƒ \ m- n-øo pi. a\p-jym-flm- ƒ v tam w \evip B \_nbp-ss- ta kzemøp snm p-i. `uxni-amb {]h Ø-\-ßƒ pth n apkvenw cmjv{s-ßƒ kwl-sn- p-ibpw ]m mxy cmpy-ßfn hkn- p apkenwiƒ Xß-fpsS thm ns i n ImWn- p- Ibpw thww.' lpzq ]-d- p, Ign Ipd- p-im-e-ambn Ckvem ans taep-ff B{I-a-W-ß-fn h [-\-hp- m-bn- p-f-f-xm-bn-im-wp- p. Nne apkveowi-fpss A\p-Nn-X-amb \S-]-Snbpw A]e-]-\o-b-am- 72

Wv. At±lw ]d- p, an -t mgpw a p-f-f-h-cmwv Ipg- -ap- m- p- - Xn apº- m-cm-bn- p-f-f-sx Imcyw ad- m ]msn-. Ckvemans X\n-a-bm apjw temi-øns apºn ka n- p- -Xn AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns {]h Ø-\sØ Ipdn v At± lw ]d- p, AlvaZn apkvenwi-fmb Rßƒ P\-ßsf tkhn- m In p Hcp Ah-k-chpw ]mgm- m-dn-. Ata-cn- -bn c -Øn\v Bhiyw t\cn- p. Ign h jw Rßƒ 12000 t_m n c -am Wv Zm\w snbv-x-xv. Ct mƒ ho pw Rßƒ c w tij-cn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Rm\-h-tcmSp ]d- p, AlvaZn apkvenwi-fmb Rßƒ PohnXw \evip- -Xn-\p -th- n-bmwv Rß-fpsS c w sim Sp-Øp-sIm- n-cn- p- -Xv. F m, \nßƒ ZpjvI a-ßƒ snøp- h-cp-ambn tn v Rß-fpsS lrzbw Iodn-ap-dn- p- p. Ah-km\w lzvdøv Jeo-^-Øp akolv, \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\nsb \nµn- m\pw Ah-tl-fn- m\papff F m {ia-ßfpw ]cm-p-b-s -Sp-sa v hnh-cn- p-sim p ]d- p, C me-øns Camw ]d hm p-iƒ {i n p-i. "F m hnp-bhpw BIm-i-Øp -\n- mwv hcp- Xv. BImiw Hcp Xocp-am\w FSpØn p v. GsXmcp sszhzqxs\ A[n-t -]n- m-\mtwm \nßƒ {ian- p- Xv B sszh-zq-x temiøv hnpbn- p-i-xs snøpw.' PpapA \a-kvim-c-øn-\p-tijw \S ]{X-k-tΩ-f-\Øn lpzq am[ya{]h Ø-I-tcmSp ]d- p, apkvenwiƒ BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb sszh- Zq-Xs\ Xpey-X-bn- msx kvt\ln- p- -h-cm-wv. GsX- nepw CjvSs -Sp Bsf Ah-tl-fn- p-tºmƒ F m-h pw AXv hnj-a-ap- m- pw. C{]-Imcw \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-ss-ta D m-ip Hmtcm B{I-a-Whpw Hmtcm apkvenan-t\bpw apdn-s -Sp-Øp- p. Ckvemw hncp kn\na {]Z in- n- -Xns\ XpS p mb A{Ia-ßsf kw_- n v Hcp tnmzy-øn\p adp-]-sn-bmbn lpzq ]d- p, A{I-a-]-c-amb {]Xn-tj-[-ßƒ icn-b-. Aw_m-kn-U-tdbpw Fºkn DtZym-K-ÿ- Dƒs -ss-bp-ff \ncm-]-cm-[n-i-tfbpw h[n- p- Xv Ckv emani A[ym-]-\-ßƒ v XnI pw hncp- -amw.v At±lw ]d- p, F m {]Xntj[ {]I-S-\-ßfpw \nb-a-øns hyø-øn-\p-f-fn \n p -sim pw kam-[m-\-]-c-am-bn- p-am-bn-cn- -Ww. 73

The Express Tribune September 23,2012 Ckvemw hncp kn\na: AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns Camw ]d-bp p, Ckvemwhncp kn\n-a-s -Xn-sc-bp-ff apkveowi-fpss ZpxJhpw tcmjhpw F m hn[-ønepw icn-bm-wv P\-ß-fpsS ax-]-c-amb hnim-c-ßƒ kwc- n- m Bhn-jvIm-ckzm-X-{ y-øn\v ]cn-[n-iƒ \n W-bn-t - -Xm-Wv. AlvaZnø apkv enw Pam-A-Øns Camw ]d-bp p: Ckvemw hncp kn\n-asb kw_- n pff apkvenwi-fpss ZpxJhpw tcmjhpw F m coxnbnepw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn- p-f-f-xm-wv. ]t A{I-a-]-c-amb {]Xntj-[-ßƒ A]-e-]-\o-b-am-Wv. an km akvdq AlvaZv (AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns Camw) am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I-tcmSv kwkm-cn- p-sim v ]d- p, "temiapkvenwiƒ H -s - mbn \n v Cu kn\n-a-bvs -Xnsc kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn {]Xn-tj-[nt - -Xm-Wv. Cu kn\na apkvenw temisø ITn-\-ambn thz-\n- n- p-i bpw ZpxJ-Øn-t bpw tcmj-øn-t bpw hnim-c-ßsf Cf- n-hn-sp-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. an km akvdq AlvaZv P\-ßfpsS axhnim-c-ßsf kwc- n- p- -Xn-\mbn Bhn-jvIm-c-kzm-X- { y-øn\v ]cn-[n-iƒ \n W-bn- -W-sa pw i -ambn ]d- p. ]pd-s -Sp-hn hm Øm-hn- m-]-\-øn AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns Xmsg ImWp D -c-wnbpw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p p: ""AXp-sIm v Ckvemans apºn \n- p-ff Ah-cpsS ]n n-cnt m- hpw ]cm-p-b-hp-am-wn-xv. AXv Bhn-jvIm-c-kzm-X-{ y-øns t]cn A\m-hiyw snøm Ahsc t{]cn- n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. Bhn-jvIm-c-kzm-X-{ y-øns t]cn apgptemi-øn-t bpw kam- [m\w AW-bm A\p-h-Zn- p-iq-sm. At±lw hnhn-[-cm-py-ß-fnep- mb A{I-a-ßsf i -ambn A]-e-]n- p. B A{I-a-ß-fpsS ^eambn Aw_m-kn-U Dƒs ss Nne- cm-py-ß-fnse Fºkn DtZym- K-ÿcpw \nc-h[n \nc-]-cm-[n-ifpw h[n- -s - n-cp- p. s]mxp-ap-x \in- n- p-i, si n-s-ßƒ v Xoh-bv p-i, XpS-ßn-b-h-sbm pw A\ph-Z-\o-b-a- mø \S-]-Sn-Ifm-Wv. CXn-eqsS Hcp I n pw Hcp t\ hpw D m-ip-i-bn-. 74

Times of India 26 September, 2012 ssswkv Hm^v C y Ah-cpsS 2012 sk]v w-_ 26 se ]{X-Øn dnt m v snøp p. Ckvemw hncp² kn\na: AlvaZn m Pam-A v kam-[m\ kt½-f\w kwl-sn- n pw Aar-X-k : Hcp `mkøv temi-apkvenwiƒ Xß-fpsS ax-]-c-amb hnim-c-ßsf {hw-s -Sp-Ønb Innocence of Muslim s F hnhm-z- ]-c-amb kn\n-a-s -Xnsc ISpØ Aa jhpw tcmjhpw {]I-Sn- n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. adp-`m-køv AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØv Kpcp- Zm-kv]q Pn -bnse Xß-fpsS ti{µ-amb JmZn-bm-\n sk]v w- _ 30 \v Hcp kam-[m-\-k-tω-f\w kwl-sn- n- m Xocp-am-\n- ncn- p- p. AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øns Cam-ans \n tz-i-a- \p-k-cn- mwv Cu Xocp-am\w FSp-Øn- p-f-f-xv. AXn At±lw temiapkvenwi-tfmsv Cu kn\n-a-bvs -Xnsc kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn {]Xn-tj- [n- m A`y Yn- p. Cu kn\n-a-bpss ]cky {]Z i-\-øns ^eambn D mb A{I-a-Øns Ae-I-tfmSpw \nc-]-cm-[n-iƒ h[n- s - kw`-h-ßtfmspw hntbm-pn v {]I-Sn- n- p-sim v lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv hnhn[ cmpy-ß-fn ImW-s A{I-a-{]- h Ø-\-ßsf A]-e-]n- p. At±lw ]d- p, "Aw_m-kn-U-tdbpw Fºkn DtZym-K-ÿ-tcbpw \ncm-]-cm-[n-tfbpw h[n- Xv Ckveman- Im-[ym-]-\-ßƒ v XnI pw hncp- -am-wv. s]mxp-ap-x-ep-iƒ v \jvsw hcp-øpi si n-s-ßƒ v Xo shbv pi XpS-ßnb {]h Øn-Ifpw icn-bmb \S-]-Sn-b-. Ckveman\v Zpjvt]-cp- m- m B{K-ln- p- -h p am{xta KpWw snøp-i-bp-f-fp. shdp- ns\ Bfn- -Øn- Øn p-i-bmtwm th Xv AtXm \Ωƒ kwl-sn pw _p n-]-cambpw {]Xn-tj-[n- p-i-bmtwm th -Xv F v Nn n-t Bhiy-ap- v. apkvenw `c-w-iq-s-ßfpw ]m mxy\msp-i-fn hkn- p apkv enwifpw Ckveman-t bpw hnip Jp -B-\n-t bpw A[ym-]\w kam- 75

[m-\-]-c-ambn temiøv {]N-cn- n- m kwl-sn p {]h Øn- -Wsa v At±lw ]d- p. Ckveman\pw \_n(-k)-xn-cn-ta-\n-bpss ]cnip Pohn-X-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc B{I-aWw D m-ip ÿeøpw kµ `- Ønepw DSs\ AXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n- m-\p-ff kam-[m-\-]-c-amb \ne- ]msv kzoi-cn-t - -Xm-Wv. AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns {] v IΩn nbpss C Nm Pv kønzv Xp^bv AlvaZv ilv_mk,v cmjv{so-b-t\-xm- - m-tcbpw ax-{]- Xn-\n-[n-I-tfbpw Cu kam-[m\ ktωf-\-øn ]s -Sp- m Wn- n- p-s v ]d- p. 76

77 Ottawa Citizen Newspaper September 30 2012 Im\Ubnse Hcp {]kn Zn\-]-{X-amb Ottawa Citizen sk]v w-_ 30 se ]{X-Øn-se-gp-Xp p: H m-hm-bnse apkvenw t\xmhv Ckvemw hncp kn\n-a-bvs -Xnsc \S Ie-l-ßsf A]-e-]n- p. H m-hm-bn Xma-kn- p Hcp apkvenw I n-bpss t\xmhv Atßb w hy Yhpw \nc Y-hpw {]tim-]-\-]-c-hp-amb kn\n-asb XpS p- mb A{I-a-]-c-amb {]Xn-tj-[sØ A]-e-]n- p. AXn c w Nn -s - p.- en-_n-b-bnse Benghazi Iu kn \ne-b-øn-\p-t\sc \S B{I-a-W-Øns ^e-ambn Hcp Ata-cn- Aw_m-kn-Udpw Fº-kn -Po-h-\- m-cmb aq p-t]cpw h[n- -s - ncp p. Cumberland AlvaZnø apkvenw Pam-A-Øns Bflo-b-tI-{µ-Øn i\n-bmgvn sship-t cw kwl-sn- n tbmk-øn Camw CwXn-bmkv AlvaZv Pam-A-Øw-K-ßsf kwt_m-[\ snbvxp-sim v ]d- p,"" Innocence Of Muslim s F kn\n-a-bv-s -Xnsc kam-[m-\-]-c-amb \nebn {]Xtj-[n- m-am-bn-cp p. CXv Ata-cn- -bn \n an 14 an\n v ssz Ly-ap-ff Hcp Xcw-Xm-W- kn\n-a-bm-wv. C s\- nepw CXv dneokv snbvxn- p- v.' At±lw ]d- p, "kn\n-a-bpss \n am-xmhv Cu kn\n-a- \n an v \mww- si- Xpw hy Yhpw A\m-h-iy-hp-amb {]h Øn-bmWv snbvxn- p-f-f-xv. AXv CkvemanI temiøv apgp-h Akz-ÿX ]c-øp-ibp- m-bn. Hmtcm apkvenapw Xß-fpsS {]Xn-tj[w {]I-Sn- n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. Ah simsn-iƒ IØn pw s]mxp-ap-x-ep-iƒ XI Øpw Fº-kn-I-fp-sS -ta B{I-aWw \S-Ønbpw Xß-fpsS Aa jw {]I-Sn- n- p-sim- n-cn- p-ibmwv.' At±lw ]d p:"{]xn-tj-[- m a\- n-em- p- Xv ]Xm-IIƒ IØn pw s]mxp-ap-x \in- n pw Fº-kn-Iƒ A n- n-c-bm- nbpw Aw_m-kn-Usd h[n pw ]I-cw- ho- n-sb- mtwm? CXv Ckveman- Im-[ym-]-\-ßƒ v ISIhncp- -amb {]h Øn-bm-Wv. CXv bym Y Ckvema-.'AlvaZnø Pam-AØv Hcp \yq\-] Ckvemw I nbm- Wv. Ah BtKm-f-Xe-Øn a-xm cob kw`mjwßfpss kwc-

-W-Øn-\mbn hmzn- p- -h-cm-wv. AlvaZv ]d-bp- -Xp-{]-Imcw, Cumberland kwl-sn- n tbmk-øn 500 Bfp-Iƒ ]s -Sp-Øncp- p. "CXv Bhn-jv m-c-kzm-x-{ y-øns ]cn-[n- p-f-fn hcp- - XmWv' F v ]d-bp Nne-bm-fp-I-fpsS A{I-a-]-c-amb Cu \ne-]m- Sns\, temi apkvenw t\xm- - m-sc-t mse AlvaZv kmln_pw i -ambn hna in- p. Ign- -bmgvn e -\n, AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns BtKmf -t\- Xmhv F m apkvenwi-tfmspw Cu kn\n-a-bvs -Xnsc kam-[m-\-]-cambn kwl-sn v {]Xn-tj-[n- m ]d-bp-ibpw A{I-a-ßsf i - ambn A]-e-]n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. AlvaZv kmln_v ]d- p, " BhnjvImc kmx{ yøns bpw t]cn Hcp ax-øn-tebpw ]cn-ip- m-fl- sf kw_- n v Hcp Xc- Øn-ep-ff A\m-h-iyhpw ]d-bm ]msn-. Cu kn\n-a-bvs -Xnsc kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn kwl-sn- m Ign- -bmgvn e -\n AlvaZnø Pam-A-Øns BtKmf t\-xmhv F m apkveowi-tfmspw Blzm\w snbvxn-cp- p. At±lw A{I-a-ßsf A]-e-]n- p-ibpw snbvxp. ax-]-c-amb hnizm-k-ßsf kwc- n- p- -Xn-\pth n Bhn-jv mc-kzm-x-{ y-øn\v ]cn-[niƒ \n W-bn- -W-sa pw At±lw \n tzin- n-cp- p. ""Bhn-jvIm-c-kzm-X-{ y-øns t]cn temi-k-am-[m\w XI m A\p-h-Zn- p -Iq-S.'' "-]m- n-ÿm-\nse IpSpw-_mw-K-ßsfIpdn v Xm Bi- -bn-emsw v H mh apvenkv Jp±m-ap AlvaZn-bm-bpsS JmCZv Dhbvkv alvaqzv ]d- p. Chn-sSsØ F. F^v. ]nbpss hm Ø-b-\p-k-cn v Cu kn\n-a-bpss ^e-am-bp mb {]t m-`-øn 21 Bfp-Iƒ sim s -Sp-Ibpw 200 e[niw t] v ]cn-t p-ibpw snbvxp. alvaqzv kmln_v ]d- p, "Iqdp- ]p-e ØpI F mwv Ckvemw \sω ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. \_n (-k) -Xn-cp-ta\n ]d- p, tzi-kvt\lw hnizm-k- Øns `mk-am-wv. P\-ßƒ kz w kzøp- -fmwv ]m n-ÿm-\n \in- n- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. Xß-fpsS Ab hm-kn-iƒ pw \jvsap- m- p- p. kz w A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn- n- m-\p-ff icn-bmb coxnb CXv. aln-f-kw-l-s-\-bpss t\xmhv bmko aeniv kmln_ kam-[m-\-]-c-amb ] Xn hni-zo-i-cn- p-sim v ]d- p, "{]t m`w D m- p- -Xn\pw simf-fn-hbv]v \S-Øp- -Xn\pw ]Icw \ap v Xqen- I-bn-eqsS \ΩpsS ktµiw P\-ß-fn FØn- pi-bmwv th Xv.' 78

Hcp apkvenw t\xmhv kn\n-a-bvs -Xnsc D m-ip \ioicwmfl-i {]Xn-tj-[-ßsf A]-e-]n p Hcp ax-kw-l-s-\-bpss Bflo-b-t\-Xmhv PpapA Znhkw ]Xn-\mbn-c- -W- n\v P\-ß-fpsS apºn A-h ]f-fn-bn At±-l-Øns {]`m-j-w-ßƒ tiƒ m h -Xm-bn-cp p Hcp Ckveman-I-hn-cp kn\n-a-bvs -Xnsc temiw apgp-h D m-bn-s m- n-cn- p A{Ia-]-c-amb {]Xn-tj-[-ßsf i -ambn A]-e-]n- p-i-bp- m-bn. AlvaZnø Pam-A-Ønse AwK-ß-ƒ tam U-\nse akvpnzv _bv Øp ^pxq-ln (e- )-l-zvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZns {]`m-jww tiƒ m\mwv kwlsn- Xv. {]`m-jww Hcp awn- q \o p-\n- p. apgp-tem-iøpw X k-a-b-kw-t{]-jww snø-s Xs {]kw-k-øn At±lw {]Xn-tj-[- m-cpss \S-]-Sn-bn thz\ {]I- Sn- n- p. At±lw ]d- p, kam-[m-\-]-c-am-bn- mwv kn\n-a-bvs -Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n-t - -Xv. Ata-cn- -bn \n an- -s Xcw-XmW \ne-bn-ep-f-f, "Ct mk kv Hm^v apkvenwkv' F kn\na 14 an\n v ssz Ly-ap-f-f-XmWv. CXns ]c-ky-amwv Cu amkw a[y-]q h-tz-iøpw hs- B{^n- -bn-epw- G-jy-bnepw Bkvt{S-en-bm-bnepw \mi-i-c-amb Iem] ap m- n-b-xv. Cu kn\n-a-bpss ]e `mk-ßfpw bqsyq-_nepw C n-cp- p. CXn Hcp IYm-]m{Xw apl-ω-zp \_n(-k)bmbn v A`n-\-bn- p- p- v. apl-ω-zp-\-_nbmbn v Bsc- nepw A`n-\-bn- pi F Xv Ckveman-I-temIw \njn- -am-bn- mwv ImWp- -Xv. C mcyw apkv enwi-fpss tcmjsø Bfn- -Øn- m-\n-s-bm-bn. Cu kn\n-a-bn apl-ωzp \_n ]e kv{xoi-tfmsp-samøv hy`n-n-cn- p- -Xmbpw kzh K-c-Xnbv v A\p-hmZw simsp- p Bfpambn Nn{Xo-I-cn- n-cn- p p. JpXzv_-bv p-tijw lpzq ]d- p,"-\-_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\nsb Aev]w t]mepw A]-am-\n- p- -Xv Rßƒ v Ak-ly-am-Wv. Bsc- nepw \nß-fpss ap n h v \nß-fpss ]nxm-hns\ \nµn p ]d m AXns t]cv A`n{]mb kzmx-{ y-sa v \nßƒ ]d-bptam? Xo - 79 Wandsworth Guardian UK 24th September 2012

bmbpw \nßƒ AXns\Xnsc i -ambn {]Xn-I-cn- pw. a p- a-xßsf \nµn- p- Xv \nb-a-hn-cp- -ambn \n -bn- -W-sa pw At±lw A`n-{]m-b-s - p.' At±lw ]d- p,"a{i-a-]-c-ambn {]Xn-tj-[n- p- -h Xo -bm bpw Ckvemans bym Y A[ym-]-\-a-\p-k-cn v {]h Øn- p- -hc-. CsX mw t\xrxzw C m-ø-xns ^e-am-wv.' At±lw ]d- p, "apkvenwi-fpss {]Xn-tj[coXn icn-b-,' Ata-cn- -bn \n an- -s kn\na apkvenwtem-isø apgp-h A{I-a-Øn\v t{]cn- n- p. ]m n-ÿm-\n sk]v w-_ 21 \v D mb A{I-a-ß-fn 21 t] h[n- -s - p. i\n-bmgvn ]m n-ÿm k m-dns {]Xn-\n[n ]{X-k-tΩ-f-\- Øn ]d- -Xv, Ata-cn- -bn \n an- -s Ckvemw hncp kn\na-bpss s{]muyq-ksd sim p- -h v Hcp e w tumf kωm\w \evip-sa- m-wv. CXn\pw ]pdsa At±lw `oi-c-hmzkwl-s-\-i-fmb DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v A Jm-bn-Z-tbmSpw Xzmen-_m-t\mSpw Hfn-hn Ignbp Cu kn\na \n am-xm- sf ]nsn- m klm-bn- -W-sa pw A`y Yn- p. kzzv epv\ Cam-bn- mlv \mkznd dlvam ]d- p, "AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn\v AKm-[-amb ZpxJ-am-Wp- m-bn p-ff-xv. \_n(-k)-xn-cpta-\n-bpss ]cn-]-hn-{x-amb Pohn-XsØ If- -s -Sp-Øm-\p-ff {iaw lrz-b-t`-z-iam-wv. Rß-fpsS IÆp-Iƒ c Øns IÆo-cmWv Hgp- p- -Xv.' {]Xn-tj-[- m-sc- p-dn v Ah ]d- p, "CØcw t{zml- {]-h Øn-Iƒ snøp- -hsc kz -ambn in n- pi F Xv apkv enwi-fpss {]h Øn-b-. Cu {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-øn\v A m-lp-hn-t\msv {]m Yn-t - -Xm-Wv. \nbaw ssibn-se-sp- -cp-xv.' AlvaZo ap Xfm Hm^v ]Sv\n ]d- p, "CØcw {]h Øn-I-ƒ pff adp-]sn ]q W-k-am-[m-\-tØmSpw {]am-w-tøm-spw-iqsn kwhm Zcq]-Øn \evti- -Xm-Wv.' At±lw ]d- p, "lzvdøv apl-ωzp \_n(-k)xncp-ta\nsb F m apkvenwifpw kvt\ln- p- p. \_n (k) -Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS hy n-xzsø a p-f-f-h-tcm-sp-f-f-xn-s\- mƒ IqSp- X kvt\ln- -W-sa v Rßsf sndp- w apx ]Tn- n p hcp- - Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm v a p-f-f-h-cpss Ah-Im-i-ßƒ [zwkn- m ]msn-. a p-f-f-h-cpss hnim-cmxn Øn-bn Bhn-jvIm-c-kzm-X-{ y-øns F m {]h Ø\ ]cn-[nbpw Ah-km-\n- p- p.' 80

AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Ønse AwK-ßƒ ]m n-ÿm t]mep-ff `oic CkvemanI cmjv{s-ß-fn A{Iaßƒ pw t{zmßƒ pw Cc-bmhp-I-bm-Wv. ImcWw Ah Ah-cpsS Bflo-b-t\Xm-hns\ (hmkvzø akolv l-zvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZp JmZn-bm-\n-sb) Ckveman shfns Hcp \_n-bmbn hniz-kn- p- -h-cm-wv. F m, apkvenwiƒ `qcn-`m-khpw apl-ω-zp-\-_n(-k)sb Ah-km-\sØ {]hm-n-i-\mbn Icp-Xp- p. 2010 CtX ]{Xw sx e- -\nse ax-au-en-i-hm-zn- I-fmb apkvenwiƒ AlvaZnøm I n-bnse Bfp-I-sf ]c-ky-ambn v A]-Io Øn-s -Sp-Øp- Xpw AhtcmSp hnth-n-\-]-c-ambn s]cpam-dp- Xpw Tooting- Ch-cpsS D]-Po-h-\-am K-ß-tfbpw cmjv{so-b -ÿm-\-ß-tfbpw e y-am- n {]h Øn n-cp- Xpw shfn- -Øp-sIm- p-h- n-cp- p. CtX h jw emtlm-dn `oi-c-hm-zn-iƒ 93 AlvaZn-Isf h[n- p- I-bp- m-bn. Ah Hcp akvpn-zn Bcm-[\ \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp- p. B h[n- -s - -h-cn Sispara Gardens, Southfields se Xma-k- m-c- \mb apl-ωzv Aivd^v _nemepw D m-bn-cp- p. At±lw Xs I hskw_- -ambn ]m n-ÿm-\n t]mb-t m-gmwv h[n- -s - - Xv. 81

News Track India Mon, 24 September 2012 ANI Bhn-jv mckzmx-{ y-øns t]cn temi-k-am-[m\w XI m A\p-h-Zn- p-iq-s AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns BtKmf t\xmhv AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv ]m n-ÿms BtKmf t\xmhv ]d- p, Ckvemw hncp kn\n-asb kw_- n- p-ff apkvenwiƒ {]I-Sn- n- p ZpxJhpw Aa jhpw F m Xc-Ønepw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn- pf-f-xmwv Ckvemam-_mZv: 2012 sk.24. F. F. F. AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv ]m n-ÿms BtKmf t\xmhv ]d p: "Ckvemw hncp kn\nasb kw_- n v apkvenwiƒ {]I-Sn- n- p ZpxJhpw Aa jhpw F m Xc-Ønepw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn- p-f-f-xm-wv. F m, At±lw A{I-a]-c-amb \S-]-Sn-Isf A]-e-]n- p. The Express Tribune lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln-_ns hnh-c-w-øn \n- p-ff D c- W-ßƒ tcj-s -Sp-Øn-s m-s -gp-xp p: "Ckvemans apºn AhcpsS (A-apkvenwI-fp-sS) ]cm-p-bhpw txmt m-sep-am-wn-xv. CXv Ahsc Bhn-jv mckzmx-{ y-øns t]cn h -Ø-c-Øn\v t{]cn- n- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln-_v ]d- p, "apkvenw temiøv ISpØ ZpxJØn-t bpw hnj-a-øn-t bpw Aa j-ønt bpw hnim-c-ßsf Cf- n-hn Ckvemw hncp kn\n-a-s -Xnsc temi-øp-ff F m -apkvenwifpw sf ys p-sim v kam-[m-\-]- c-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-t - -Xm-Wv.' P\-ß-fpsS ax-hn-imc-ßsf ImØp-kq- n- p- -Xn-\p-th n Bhnjv mc kzmx-{ y-øn\v ]cn-[n-iƒ \n -bn- -W-sa pw lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln-_v Bh-iy-s - p. hnhn[ cmpy-ßfn ImWs A{I-a-{]-h Ø-\-ßsf At±lw i -ambn A]- e-]n- p. A{IaØns ^e-ambn Nne cmpy-ß-fn Aw_m-kn-Udpw 82

Fº-kn-bnse DtZym-K-ÿ-cp-apƒs ss \nc-]cm-[n-iƒ h[n- -s - ncp- p. (F.-F.-sF) Ata-cn- - m-c-\mb Hcp Ckvdmboen tej-i \n an kn\n-abn A m-lp-hns ZqX-\mb apl-ω-zns\(-k)- \-Ωƒ A m-lphn icww {]m]n- p- p h I\pw Ip n-i-tfmsp ssewkn-i-{iqcx Im p- -h\pw kv{xoe-º-s-\p-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn- n-cp- p. AXp Ckv emani temiøv hºn timem-l-e-amwv krjvsn- -Xv. CXns ^e-ambn Ata-cn- -s -Xnsc BtKm-f-hym-]-I-ambn {]t m-`-ß-fp- m-bn.- 83

Metro News Ottawa, Canada By Graham Lanktree September 28, 2012 apkvenw ]c-tam- X t\xm-hns kam-[m-\-øn-\p-th- n-bp-ff A`y Y\ {]tim-]\]c-amb kn\n-a, Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ y-øns ]cn-[n-iƒ pd-ømwv BtKmf AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns Camw an km akvdq AlvaZv Jeo-^-Øp akolv A Jm-ankv (A- mlp At±-l-Øns Ic-ßƒ v i n -]-I-cp-am-dm-I-s ) 2012 sk]v w-_ 21 \v Ckvemw hncp kn\na Innocence of Muslim s s\xnsc kam-[m-\-]-c-amb \ne-bn kwl- Sn- m F m apkvenwi-tfmspw A`y Yn- n-cn- p- p. apkvenwi-fpss axsø ITn-\-ambn A[n-t -]n- p-sim v \ncp-ø-c-hm-z-]-c-amb \nebn \n an- -s kn\n-as Xnsc BgvN-I-fmbn \S p hcp {]Xn-tj-[-{]-I-S-\-ßƒ ptijw Ottawa bnse Hcp apkvenw Pam- AØv i\n-bmgvn \S-Øp tbmk-øn {]t m-`-ßƒ Ah-km- \n- n- m\pw Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ y-øns ]cn-[n-iƒ \n -bn- m\pw Bh-iy-s -Sp- -Xm-Wv. Hcp apkvenw anj-w-dnbpw Pam-A-Øns HutZym-KnI `mc-hm-lnbp-amb CwXn-bmkv AlvaZv ]d p, "]XmI IØn- pi, s]mxp-ap- X \in- n- p-i, Aºm-kn-U AS- -ap-ff \njv -f- -cmb Bfp- Isf h[n- pi XpS-ßn-b-h-sb mw CkvemanI hncp- -am-wv. Xo bmbpw Bhn-jv mckzmx-{ y-tøbpw a p-f-f-h-cpss hnim-c-ßƒ am\n p- -Xnt\bpw XΩn th s]-sp-øp AXn-kq- va-am-sbmcp AXn hcºp- v. \ΩpsS Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ y-øns ^e-ambn a p-f-f-h-cpss hnim-c-ßƒ {hw-s -Sp- p-sh- n \mw AXn\v Hcp AXncp \n -bn-t - -Xm-Wv.' CwXn-bmkv AlvaZv ]d- -X-\p-k-cn v Cu Xo{h-hm-Z-]-c-amb \S- ]-Sn-s -Xnsc i_vzn- m Ottawa bn \ne-sim-f-fp AlvaZnøm 84

Pam-A-Øns A-h ]m nÿm\n hnthn\]camb s]cp am ßƒ v Cc-bp-am-Wv- 400 {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ kwl-sn- p- -Xm-bn-cn- pw. At±lw ]d- p, CØcw \S-]-Sn-s -Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn- m-\pff G hpw DØ-aamb am Kw \Ωƒ {]m Y-\-bn-eqsS A m-lp-hnt\msv klmbw txspi F -Xm-Wv. CkvemanI PohnXw ImgvN-hbv pi F -Xm-Wv. Xo{h-hmZw Hcp {]iv\-øn\pw ]cn-lm-c-a-. C{]-Im-cw-Xs Rßƒ Ata-cn- -bn \n an- -s Ckvemwhncp kn\n-a-tbbpw {^m kn {]kn- o-i-cn Im q-wp-i-tfbpw i -ambn A]-e-]n- p- p. AlvaZnø Pam-A-Øns ]c-tam- X Bflob t\xmhv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv 21-09 2012 \v Bhn-jv mc kzmx-{ y-øn\v ]cn-[n-iƒ \n -bn- -W-sa v Bh-iy-s - p. F m ax-ß-fp-tsbpw ax-hn-im-c-ßsf ImØpkq -n m AXv Bh-iy-am-sW pw At± lw ]d- p. CwXn-bmkv AlvaZv ]d- p, "Rßƒ Im\U k m-dn\v \µn ]d-bp-i-bm-wv. Ah Rßƒ v Rß-fpsS ax-a-\p-k-cn v {]h Øn- m ]q W kzmx{ yw \evin-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. hmkvx-h-øn Rßƒ v Rß-fpsS kz w \m n (-]m- n-ÿm-\n ) Rßƒ apkveowi-fm-sw v ]d-bm ] mø kml-n-cy-am-wp-f-f-xv.' At±lw ]m n-ÿm-\nse c p-ap-x A p -an-ey hsc-bp-ff AlvaZn-Ifp-sSta D m-bn-s m- n-cn- p \nc-h[n t{zml-{]-h Øn-Itfbpw ITn-\-amb A{I-a-ß-tfbpw Ipdn v ]d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. At±lw ]d- p, "Hmtcm axhpw Xß-fpsS {]hm-n-is\ BZ-cn- p- p. {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ lzvdøv Cukm(-A)sb BZ-cn- p- p. ]t, Nne- L- -ß-fn A -cmb ]mxn-cn-am P\hnIm-c-ßsf Xß-fpsS kzm Yem`-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn- m-dp- v. F m, {]Xntj-[n- m th n sxcp-hn-en-d-ßm\pw Ie-l-ß-fp- m- m\pw lzvdøv apl-ωzp \_n(-k) Hcn- epw ]Tn- n- n- n-.' CwXn-bmkv AlvaZv 2012 sk]v w-_ 29\v i\n-bmgvn sshipt cw 5 awnbv v Iº em nse am v kv{so n Hcp N kwl-sn- n- p- p- v. AXn Xo{hhmZ\S-]-Snsb A]-e-]n- p- - Xm-Wv. 85

One News F Sn hn Nm\-ens dnt m v :... bqtdm- n \oxn B{K-ln- p apkvenw t\xmhv A{I-a-]-camb {]Xn-tj-[-ß-fn \n v Xs \msns\ c n- m {ian- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. bqtdm- nse Rß-fpsS {]Xn-\n[n Garth Bray v e - \nse Hcp ]f-fn-bn {]th-in- m {]txy-i-amb A\p-hmZw e`n- p. ]mco-kn lzvdøv apl-ω-zns \ -amb Im q-wp-iƒ {]kn- o-i-cn- -Xns\ XpS v Gjy-bnepw a[y-]u-ckvxy tzi-ß-fnepw Ata-cn- ]XmI IØn- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. {_n -Wnepw CtX Ahÿ Xs -bm-wp-f-f-xv. kam-[m\w ]men- m-\p-ff F m A`y Y- \-Ifpw ]mgm-bn-s m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. ""Fs hfsc Xm ]-cy-tømss Xß-fpsS \oxn-]q h-amb A`n- {]m-b-ßƒ tiƒ]n- m Wn- -Xm-Wv. c p h\nx {]Xn-\n-[n-Itfbpw Wn- n-cp- p. Jeo^ kn\n-abpw Im qwpw \n an- -hsc A]-e-]n- p-i-bp- mbn. At±lw ]d p: "A mlp Xo -bmbpw CØcw Bfp-I-sfs m v \ciw \nd-bv p- -Xm-Wv.'' F m, AXn-t\m-sSm w t{zml{]-h Øn-Iƒ snbvxp-sim- ncn- p- -hcpss ]n mse \S v Ahsc in n- pi F Xv Xs tpmen-b-s v t{imxm- sf Hm a-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw snbvxp. "Rßƒ Hcp -X-c-Øn-ep-ff Ie-lß-fnepw A{I-a-ß-fnepw hniz-kn- p- -h-c-. GsX- nepw AlvaZn CØcw {]Xn-tj[-ß-fnepw Ie-l-ß-fnepw ]s -Sp-Ø-Xmbpw \nßƒ Hcn- epw I n p- m-ip-ibn-.'' e -\nse sx p-]-sn- mdp `mkøv ]ffn \n an- n- p-f-f-h-cpss hmzw CXv sx bqtdm- nse G hpw henb ]f-fn-bm-sw- m- Wv. Cu ]f-fn-bn h v \S-Ø-s PpapA JpXzv_ temisø \qdp- I-W- n\v cmpy-ß-fn-ep-ff P\-ßƒ ti n- p- m-ipw. Im q-wn-eqtsbpw kn\n-a-bn-eq-tsbpw Ckvemw axsø \nµn p ImWn- m-\pff {ia-ßƒ v adp-]sn ]d-tb- Xv `mj-w-ß-fn-eqss Bbn-cn- - W-sa v At±lw temi AlvaZn-I-tfmSmbn ]d- p. 86

]t. Hcp-]mSp apkvenwiƒ CXn-s\- mƒ IqSp-X A{Ia{]h Ø-\-ßƒ v Xp\n- n-cn- p-i-bm-sw v Jeo^ kω-xn- p. At± lw ]d- p, "CXv shdpw ]m m-xy-tcm-sp-ff hntzz-j-øns ^e-a-. {]XypX CXns ]n n A{I-a-Øn-eqsS Xß-fpsS A\p-bmbn-Isf h [n n m - B{K-ln- p Ipd- m-fp-iƒ v ] p- v. Hcp \yq\-] I n-bpss t\xmhv F \ne-bn At±-l-Øns D]-tZ-i-Øn\v IqSp-X-em-fp-Iƒ snhn simsp- p-sa v {]Xo- n- m hø. As - n ]nim-h t]m-ep-ff \msp-i-fn Cu D]-tZiw B{Ia-WsØ XS-bp- -Xn GsX- nepw hn[-øn klmbn BIpsa pw {]Xo- n- m ] n. 87

Ckvemapw BhnjvImckzmX{ yhpw (i{xp- fpw AwKo-I-cn- p- -XmWv t{ijvtx) CkvemwaX ÿm]-i-cmb lzvdøv apl-ωzp apkvx^m(k)-sb- p-dn v Nne t\xm- - mcpw Ncn-{X-Im-c- mcpw Hmdn-b n-en-ãp-ifpw ]d Nne A`n-{]m-b-ß-ƒ. 89

\_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-sb- p-dn v A\y-cpsS BZcbp amb A`n{]mbßƒ tpm Pv skbv (George Sale) Hcp FgpØpImc\m-Wv. At±lw Cw o-jn hnip Jp B ]cn-`m-j-s -Sp-Øn p- v. X P-a-bv paptº AXns\ ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn-s m v kpzo L-am-sbmcp BapJw At±lw Fgp-Xnbn p- v. CXns "Sp Zn dou ' (To the reader) F A[ym-b-Øn "kv]m tlan-bkv' (Spanhemius) ]d- -Xm-bn v Fgp- Xp p: ""apl-ωzv (k) ]q W-amb \ne-bn kzm`m-hn-i-amb Ign-hp- I-fm Ae- r-x-\m-bn-cp- p. AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb cq]-em-h-wyw, _p n-im-en, Zo L-Z in, {]nb- -chpw {]k- -hp-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn, Zcn-{Zsc ]cn-]m-en- p- -h, F m-h-tcmspw hn\-b-tømss s]cpam-dp- -h, i{xp- ƒs -Xnsc ZrV-\n- -b-tømspw [oc-x-tbmspw IqSn \ne-sim-f-fp- -h, F m-øn-s\- m-fp-ap-]cn sszh-\m-asø Atß-b w BZ-cn- p-ibpw _lp-am-\n- p-ibpw snøp h\pam-bncp p. If-f-kXyw snøp- -h\pw hy`n-n-cn- p- -h\pw LmX-I\pw A]-hmZw ]dbp h\pw Zp hybw snøp- -h\pw AXym-{K-ln pw If-f-km yw ]d-bp- -h\psaxnsc Atßb w ImTn\yw ]pe Øp h\pambncp p. kl\-io-e\pw, Zm\-[ a-ßƒ snøp h\pw, Zb-Im-Wn- p- h\pw D]-Imcw snøp -h\pw, IrX- X {]I-Sn n p- -h\pw, amxm-]n-xm- -tfbpw alm-flm- -tf-bpw- B-Zcn- m imkn p ]d-bp- -h\pw sszhsø ]pi-gvøp- Xnepw hmgvøp- -Xnepw Atß-b w ebn- n-cn- p- -h-\p-am-bn-cp- p.'' (George Sale. To the reader. In:The Koran: Commonly called the Alkoran of Mohammed. J.B. Lippincott & Co.,PA. pp.vi-vii (1860)) Hcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\mb Ãm se ebv - -t]mƒ (Stanley Lane-Poole) Fgp-Xp p: ""apl-ω-zp(-k) Xs P -\m-smb a -bn hnpb {ioemfnx\mbn {]th-in- -t mƒ At±-l-Øns c -Øn-\p-th n Zmln- ncp- -h-cpam-b a - mcmb i{xp ƒ v am p-sim-sp-øp. a\p-jy-n-cn-{x-øn Hcn-SØpw kam-\-x-i-fn- mø hnp-b-i-chpw ]cnip- -h-pamb Hcp {]th-i-\-am-bn-cp p AXv.'' (Stanley Lane-Poole. Introduction. In: Speeches and Table Talk of the Prophet Muhammed. Macmillan & Co., London. p xlvi (1882) 91

Zn Hu v ebv Hm^v lnãdn (The Outline of History)F {KŸ- Øns I Øm-hmWv s{]m^-k F v. Pn. sh kv. (H.G.Wells) At±lw ]d-bp p: ""CkvemwaX {]hm-n-is kxy-km- y-øn- \p-ff G hpw henb sxfn-hmwv At±-l-Øn BZyw hniz-kn- Xv At±-lsØ G hpw IqSp-X- ASp-Ø-dn-bp- -h-cm-bn-cp p F - Xv...-l-ZvdØv apl-ω-zp(-k) Hcn- epw If-f-hmZn Bbn-cp- n-...- Ckveman henb henb \ -Ifpw al-øz-ta-dnb KpW-ßfpw Ds - Xv \ntj-[n- m ] mø bmym Yy-am-Wv. Ckvemw ax {]hm-n- I A{I-ahpw simebpw Ah-km-\n- n- -s Hcp kap-zm-b-øn\v ASn-Ød ]min.'' (H.G.Wells. Part II: Muhammed and Islam. In: The Outline of History. University of MichiganLibrary., Ml. p 269 (1920) Ckvemw A v Z t{imkv tdmuvkv (Islam at the Cross roads)f {KŸ-Øn Un tekn Hmen-tbdn (De Lacy O Leary)Fgp-Xp p: ""Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fmb apkvenwiƒ temiøv hnpbw hcn- p-sh Xpw hmfns ap\-bn Iog-S- nb P\-X-sb-s m v Ckvemw axw hnizkn- n- p-sh- Xpw Ncn-{X-Im-c- m hnh-cn- n- p-ff IY-I-fn Atßb w hy Y-am-bXpw B cyapf-hm- p- Xp-amb IY-bm-Wv.'' (De Lacy O Leary. Islam at the Cross roads. Kegan Paul., London, p.8 (1923)) almflm Km n "bwkv C y-'(young India) F ]{XØn Fgp- Xp p: ""Hcp A`n-{]mbhyXym-k-hp-an- msx e - -W- n\v Bfp- I-fp-sS- ta `cww \S-Ønb hy n-bpss Pohn-XsØ Ipdn pff F m Imcy-ßfpw Adn-bm Rm\m-{K-ln- n-cp- p. At±-l-Øns Pohn-XsØ ]Tn- -Xp-sIm v F\n v C m-cy-øn apº-sø- mtfsd ZrV-hn-izmkw ssih n-cn- p p: "Ckvemw A m-eøv P\- lr-z-b-ß-fn hmfp-sim v CSw t\sn-b-x-, adn v B {]hm-n-is emfn-xyw, kz{]-h Øn-bn k p-jvs-\m-bn-cn- p ioew, AXoh {i -tbm-ss-bp-ff Xs {]Xn m ]me\w, Xs kplr-øp- fnepw A\p-bm-bn-I-fn-epap-ff ]c-aamb hnizm-kw, Ft mgpw \n `b\pw ss[cy-hm-\p-am-bn-cn-, sszh-øns kø-bnepw Xs ax-øn-ep-ap-ff kºq W-amb ZrV-hn-izmkw CsXm-s -bm-bn-cp p F m Zp LS L -ß-fnepw At±-lsØ \nb-{ n- n-cp- Xpw F mh-tcbpw Xt m-ssm w Iq n apt m p sim p-t]m-bxpw. B {]hm-n-is Pohn-XsØ kw_- n v Fgp-X-s {KŸ-Øns 92

c m-asø hmfyw hmbn p Xo -t mƒ B {KŸw Xo p-t]m-b Imc-W-Øm F n DZm-ko-\X {]I-S-amb-bn.''(Mahatma Gandhi, Young India. september 23rd 1924) 1986- Ncaw {]m]n e^v -W v P\-d Bbn-cp k tpm _mtkm v v (Sir John Bagot Glubb) Fgp-Xp p:- ""Cu {KŸw hmbn p Ign-bp-tºmƒ hmb-\- m-c F v A`n-{]mbw ]d- mepw, apl-ω-zn(k)s Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-ßƒ, ]g-bxpw ]pxn-b-xp-amb thz- ]p-kvx-i-ß-fnse IY-ItfmSpw ss{ikvxh ]pwy-hm-f- m-cpss Bflobm-\p-`-h-ß-tfmSpw A p-x-i-c-amb coxn-bn XmZm yw ]pe Øp- p-sh Imcyw \ntj-[n- m km[y-a-. C{]-Imcw lnµp-ax-ßfnepw a p-a-x-ß-fnepw hniz-kn- p- -h p- mb AkwJyw kz]v\- ßfpw Pm{K-Z i-\-ßfpw kmzr-iy-ap-f-f-xm-im\pw km[y-x-i-tf-sdbm-wv. CXn-\pw -]p-dsa an -t mgpw AØcw A\p-`-h-ßƒ ]cn-ip- hpw t{ijvt-hp-amb Pohn-Xm-cw-`-Øns e -W-hp-am-bn-cn- pw. A Øcw kw`-h-ßsf Bflm-hns h -\-sb p hni-zo-i-cn p- Xv DNn-X-ambn txm p- n-. ImcWw B kw`-h-ßƒ [mcm-f-am-fp-iƒ v Hcp-t]mse D m-bn-s m- n-cp- n- p- v. Ah XΩn-ep-ff Zqcam-sW- n Bbn-c- -W- n\v h j-ßfpw Bbn-c- -W- n\v ssaep-i-fpam-wv. Ah-cnsemcmƒ as m-cm-sf- p-dn v ti n- p-t]mepw D m-ip-ibn-. ]t, Cß-s\-sbm-s -bm-bn pw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-kw-`-hßfn Akm-[m-c-W-amb s]mcpø-amwv ImWp- -Xv. C q- F mhcpw A p-x-i-c-am-b-\n-e-bn kmzr-iy-ap-ff kz]v\-ßfpw Pm{K- Z i-\-ßfpw kz -ambn D m- n-sb p ]d-bp- Xv _p n-]-c-a. Cu Bfp-Iƒ XΩn Hcp- ]-cn-n-bhpw C m-xn-cp- n- p-iq-sn-bm-wn-xv. l_vi-bn-te v (A-_o-ko-\)-ln-PvdØv snbvx-h-sc- p-dn v Fgp- Xn-bn-cn- p- p,"cu ] n-i-bn \n v a\- n-em-ip- Xv Ckvemw kzoicn p Ign- -h-sc mw AXn-ep- m-bn-cp- p-sh- m-wv. A m-lp-hns ZqX (-k) a -bnse i -cmb FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS CS-bn Ipd A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sam-ØmWv Xma-kn- -Xv. Cu Ahÿ hnfn-t m-xp- - Xv, kzm`m-hn-i-amb ss[cyhpw ZrV-hn-izm-khpw \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta- \n-bn \ne-\n- n-cp- p-sh- m-wv. (John Bagot Glubb. The Life and Times of Muhammad. Hodder & Stoughton 1970 (reprint 2002)) tpm hneyw {Um] (John William Draper) lnãdn Hm^v Z C n- 93

e-iv z Uh-e- vsa v Hm^v bqtdm v (History of the intellectual Development of Europe) F Xs {KŸ-Øn-se-gp-Xp p: PÃn-\n-b (Justinian)s ac-w-øn\v \mep h j-øn-\p -tijw {InkvXz_vZw 569- a- -bn Hcp hy n P\n- p. At±lw F m hy n-i-fn-epw h v G -hp-a-[niw a\p-jy-ip-e-øn-\p-ta Xs kzm[o\w snm epøns m mwv t]mb-xv. B hy n-bmwv apl-ω-zv(-k). At±lsØ Nne bqtdm-]y- m hymp-hmzn F p ]d-bp- p. ]t, apl-ω-zp(-k)s Df-fn Nne khn-ti-j-x-i-fp- m-bn-cp- p. A mc-w-øm ]e kapzmbmßfp-ssbpw `mk-t[bw \n W-bn- -s - p. {]t_m-[\w snøp Hcp tbm[m-hm-bn-cp p At±-lw. {]kw-k- ]otw hmivssh`-h-øm \n `-c-am-bn-cp- p. cwm- -W-Øn Cdßn-bm [oc-\m-bn-cp- p. At±-l-Øns axw "A mlp GI-\m- Ip p-' F p am{x-am-bn-cp- p. Cu kxyw hni-zo-i-cn- p- -Xn\v At± lw ssk m- n-i-amb N -Iƒ kzoi-cn- n-. t\sc- a-dn- v, Xs A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv hrøn, \a-kvim-cw, t\mºv t]mep-ff Imcy-ß-f- \p-jvtn- m ]d- p-sim v Ah-cpsS kmaq-ln-im-h-ÿ-isf I a- ]-c-amb \ne-bn t{ijvt-x-c-am- n. B hy n Zm\-[ a-ßƒ v as - n-s\- mfpw ap K-W\ \evin. (John William Draper, M.D., L.L.D.A History of the intellectual Development of Europe. Harper and Brothers Publishers., NY.P.244 (1863)) ""Hcp kp{]-kn Hmdn-b n-en-ãmb hneyw tam SvsKmsacn (William Montgomery) apl-ωzv A v azo\ (Muhammad at Madina)F {KŸØn-se-gp-Xp p: apl-ω-zp-\-_n(-k)-bp-tsbpw Ckveman-t bpw {]mcw-`-im-esø Ncn-{X-ßfn F{X- am{xw Nn n- p- pthm A{Xam{Xw B alm-flm-hns hnp-b-ß-fpss hnim-em-hÿ I v a\pjy A p-x-s - p-t]m-ip- p. A m-esø ]cn-xx-ÿn-xn-bn D - X-\mb hy n-bm-bn-cp- n pw At±-lØ-n\v hfsc Ipd p A\p-bmbn-Isf am{xta In n-bp-f-fp. Zo L-ho- -Whpw, `cn- m-\p-ff kwl- S-\m-ssh-`-hhpw, sszh-øn- `cta n, A m-lp-hmwv Xs Ab- -sx ZrV-yt_m[hpw At±-l-Øn\v C m-bn-cp-s - n a\pjy-n-cn-{x-øn Hcp {][m-\-s A[ymbw cnn- p- Xv C m-xm- Ip-am-bn-cp- p. \_n(-k)-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss Pohn-XsØ kw_- n- pff Cu {KŸw alm-\m-sbmcp BZw-k- -Xnsb a\- n-em- p- -Xn\pw At±-lsØ BZ-cn- p- -Xn\pw klm-b-i-am-ipw.'' 94

(William Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Madina Oxford University Press.pp.335(1981)) kp{]-kn ss{ikvxh Ncn-{X-Im-c dpn-\mƒuv t_mkvh Xv kvanxv (Reginald Bosworth Smith) Fgp-Xp p: ""ax-øn-t bpw `c-w- Øn-t bpw t\xmhpw Kh W F \ne-bn t]m n-t bpw Jbvkdn-t bpw c p hy n-xz-ßfpw lzvdøv apl-ω-zv(-k)- F hy nbn ktω-fn- n-cn- p- p. At±lw t]m v Bbn-cp- p. F m, t]m n-s\-t mse _mly-{]-i-s-\-ß-fn \n v ]cn-ip-. At±lw Jbvk Bbn-cp- p. F m, Jbvk-dns `uxn-im-vw-`-c-ß-fn \ns mw XnI pw ap. ] m-f-an- msx, cmp-sim- m-c-an- msx, \nip-xn-]n-cn-hn- msx sszh-\m-a-øn am{xw temiøv kam-[m-\ hpw hyh-ÿn-xnbpw Bsc- nepw ÿm]n- n- p-s - n AXn-\ l- \m-bn- p-ff Htc-sbmcp hy n lzvdøv apl-ω-zv(-k) -am-{x-am-wv. C -d kma-{kn-i-sfm- p-an- msxxs At±-l-Øn\v kie IgnhpIfpw e`n- n- p- m-bn-cp- p.'' (Rev.Bosworth Smith. Character of Mohammad.In: MOHAMMAD AND MOHAMMADANISM Smith, Elder & Co.,London.p.235 (1876)) CtX, t_mkvh Xv kvanxv (Bosworth Smith) apl-ωzv B v apl- Ω-Zm-\nkw (Mohammad and Mohammadanism) F Xs {KŸ- Øn ]d-bp p: ""At±-l-Øns axsø G hpamzyw hniz-kn- ncp- -h At±-lsØ \ -hæw ASp-Ø-dn-bp- -h-cm-bn-cp- p. DZml-c-W-Øn\v At±-l-Øns `mcy, Ah-cpsS ASn-a, At±-l-Øns ]nxr-k-tlm-z-c-]p-{x, At±-l-Øns ]g-b-ime kvt\ln-x. Ct±lsØ kw_- n v lzvdøv apl-ω-zv(-k) -]-d- -Xv, Ckveman {]th-in- n-cp- -h-cn Hcn- epw ]pdw-xn-cn- m-sxbpw hymip-e-s]- Sm-sX-bp-an-cp Htc-sbmcp hy n-bm-bn-cp- p-sh- m-wv. km[m-cw {]hm-n-i- m-sc-t mse lzvdøv apl-ω-zn-s (-k)- `m-k-t[bw \n m- c-am-bn-cp- n-. ImcWw At±-l-Øns al-øzsø \ntj-[n- n-cp- -h At±-l-Øns hy n-øzsø Ipdn v icn-bmb Adn-hn- m- Ø-h am{x-am-bn-cp- p.''(a-tx -{KŸw t]pv 127) ho pw ]d-bp p: ""apl-ω-zv(-k)-hn-tcm-[n BNm-c-k-{º-Zm-b-ßƒ, AXv hntcm-[n- p-sh v am{x-a {]XyqX Ahsb ]q W-ambpw D m- S\w snbvxp. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v a\p-jy- p-cp-xn, s] Ip- p-ßsf 95

h[n-, sime-]m-x-iw, ]cn-[nbn msx kv{xoisf hnhmlw Ign-, ASn-a-I-tfm-Sp-ff A{I-ahpw t{zmlpw, azy-]m-\w, NqXm- w. CXns ]c-º-c-iƒ \n _m[w Atd-_y-bnepw Ab cm-py-ßfnepw \S-am-Sn-bn-cp- p. At±lw AsX mw Ah-km-\n- n- p.''(atx -{KŸw t]pv 125) ho pw ]d-bp p: ""lzvdøv apl-ω-zv(-k)-xs e y-øns kxy- X-bnepw \ -bnepw AXn-kq- va-ambn hniz-kn- p-sim v Fs m v snbvxn-cp- pthm as m-cmƒ v AXn ZrV-hn-izm-k-an- msx H pw snøm km[n- p-i-bn-.'' (A-tX-{KŸw t]pv 127) At±lw ]d-bp p: ""At±-l-Øns Pohn-X-Øns Hmtcm -kw-`h-ßfpw At±-lsØ bym Yy-hm-Znbpw Bth-i-`-cn-X-\p-ambn ÿm ]n- p ImWn- p- -Xm-Wv. At±lw Xs AwKo-IrX hnizm-k-ß fptsbpw ho -W-ß-fp-tSbpw ]c-a-]-zw-hsc FØm ]Xp- - -Xp s, hnj-a-ßƒ kln v {ian- p- p.''(a-tx -{KŸw t]pv 127) ho pw ]d-bp p: ""Atd-_y P-\-Xbv v am -Øns Bh-iy-ap- m-bn-cp- p-sh p ]d-bp-i, As - n as mcp hn[-øn ]pxnb-{]-hm-n-is shfn-s -S-en-\p-f-f -k-abw h n-cp- p-sh v ]d-bpi, Aß-s\bmsW n lzvdøv apl-ω-zp- Xs F psim v "B {]hm-n-i ' Bbn- qsm? Cu hnj-b-øn h Ø-am-\-Ime Fgp- Øp-Im-c "kv{]nwk ' ÿm]n- n- p-f-f-xv, lzvdøv apl-ωzv hcp- - Xn\p h jßƒ p aptº Hcp -{]-hm-n-i hcp-sa- p-ff {]Xo bp- m-bn-cp- p, {]h-n-\-hp-ap- m-bn-cp- p-sh- m-wv. (A-tX -{KŸw t]pv 133) XpS pw t_mkvh Xv (Bosworth) hnh-cn- p p: ""samø-øn t\m- n-bm lzvdøv apl-ω-zv(-k)-hn-hn[ Ah-ÿ-I-fn F{X-am{Xw amdn-bn-cp- p-sh- -Xn F\n v A p-x-sam- p-an-. adn v At±-l- Øns hy n-øz-øn hfsc Ipd am ta D m-bn- p-f-fp-sh- -XmWv A pxw! acp-`q-an-bn BSp-tabv p \S- p \mfp-i-fn, imanse I -h-s- m-c F \ne-bn, lndm-kp-l-bnse Xt]m-b- -Øns \mfp-i-fn, \yq\-] kwl-s-\-bpss ]cn-h Ø-\- Imcn F \ne-bn, azo-\-bn \msp-i-s-ø-s \mfp-i-fn, Hcp AwKo-Ir-X-hn-Pbn F \ne-bn, bq\m\o cmpm- - m-cp-tsbpw Cdm\o ln amcp-tsbpw ka-\n-e- m-c F \ne-bn \ap v At±-l-Øns hy n-øz-øn AN- e ssÿcy-øns Akm- 96

[m-cw Zriyw ImWm km[n- p- -Xm-Wv.'' ]d-bp p: ""as mcp a\p-jys ]pd-øp-im-wp Ah-ÿIƒ C{X-b-[nIw amdn-bmepw Hcn- epw Abm-fpsS hy n-øz-øn C{X -am{xw Ipd-hm-bn- p-ff am w {]I-S-am-Ip-sa v F\n p txm p- n-. lzvdøv apl-ω-zv(- k)s ]pd-øp-im-wp Ah-ÿ-Iƒ amdn-s m- n-cp- p. F m, Cu F m Ah-ÿ-I-fnepw F\n v At±-l-Øns hy n-øz-ap- t m, AXv Htc- t]m-se-bmwv ImWm Ign-bp- -Xv.(A-tX -{KŸw t]pv 133) hmjnw-mvs C hnmv (Washington Irving)sse^v Hm^v atlm-a v (Life of Mahomet) F Xs {KŸ-Øn-se-gp-Xp p: ""At±-l-Øns bp hnp-b-ßƒ At±-l-Øns a\- n Al- m-ctam Zpc-`n-am-\tam D m- n-bn-. Cu hnp-b-ß-fn hy n Xm ]cyw Fs - n-ep-ap- m-bn-cp-s - n AXv Xo -bmbpw At±-l-Øn ImWp-am-bn-cp- p. G hpw Zp L-S-amb L -Ønepw Xs i n-bpss ta -bpw Xs ioe-ß-fpw apj-`m-h-ß-fpw Htc emhwytømss \ne-\n-dp- Øn; F{X-am-{X-sa- p-h- m Xs cmp-io-b -Po-hn-X-Øn t]m-epw. Bsc- nepw At±-l-Øns apdn-bn {]th-in- m, A\u-]-Nm-cn- I-ambn BZ-chv ImWn- p- Xv At±lw CjvS-s - n-cp- n-.'' (Washington Irving. The Life of Mahomet. Bernard Tauchnitz,. Leipzig.pp.272-3(1850)) k hneyw aqb (Sir William Muir) sse^v Hm^v atlm-a v (Life of Mahomet) F Xs {KŸ-Øn-se-gp-Xp p: ""At±lw Xs F m {]h Ønbpw ]q Øn-bm- p-ambn-cp- p. GXp tpmen Gs -Sp-Ømepw apg-hn- n- m-øn-s-tømfw AXv hn p-i-f-bp-am-bn-cp- n-. kmaq-ln-iamb CS-]-S-ep-I-fnepw At±-l-Øns coxn CXp Xs -bm-bn-cp- p. Btcm-sS- nepw kwkm-cn- m At±lw Xncn- m ]Ip-Xn-b-, apgp-h ico-chpw B hy n-bn-te v Xncn- p-am-bn-cp- p. ssisim- Sp-Øm simsp- -s - -bmƒ ]n h-en- msx ssi ]n h-en- n-cp- n-. C{]-ImcwXs GsX- nepw A]-cn-Nn-X-\p-ambn kwkm-cn- p-tºmƒ CS-bv p-h p \ndpøn ASp-Ø-bm-fpsS kwkmcw tiƒ m- \n-jvs-s - n-cp- n-. At±-l-Øns Pohn-X-Øn At±-l-Øns IpSpw-_-]-c-amb emfnxyw Ft mgpw AXn-P-bn p\n p. Hmtcm tpmenbpw At±lw kzbw snbvxn-cp- p. kz w ssisim- mwv Zm\w simsp-øn-cp- -Xv. ho p-tpm-en-i-fn `mcy-amsc klm-bn- p- 97

am-bn-cp- p.'' ho pw ]d-bp p: ""\Zn AXns Ic-bp-ambn _ -s - n-cn- p- - Xp-t]m-se-bmWv kie hy n-iƒ pw At±-l-hp-am-bn- p-ff _ w. ]pdw-tz-i-øp-\n v hcp kwl-ßsf BZ-c-thmSpw _lp-am-\-tøm- Spw-IqSn kzmkxw snbvxn-cp- p. B kwl-ß-fpss hchn \n pw a p `c-w-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-sf kw_ n Ncn-{X-Øn \n pw ÿm]nx-am-ip- Xv apl-ω-zns Df-fn tbmky-\mb Hcp `c-wm-[n- Im-cn-bpsS kie Ign-hp-Ifpw D m-bn-cp- p-sh- m-wv. G hpw A px-i-c-amb Imcyw At±-l-Øn\v Fgp-Xm Adn-bn- m-bn-cp p F -Xm-Wv.'' ho pw ]d-bp p: ""At±lw Xs G hpw \n m-c-\mb A\p-bmbn-tbm-Sp-t]mepw ]pe Øn-t]m k s]-cp-am- hpw at\m-`m-h-hpam-bn-cp p At±-l-Øns Hcp {][m-\-s KpWw, e, A\p-I- º, a, Zm\-io-e-X, hn\-bw, Ch-sb mw At±-l-Øns kz`m-hß-fpss hy -amb `mk-ß-fm-bn-cp- p. C m-c-w-øm At±lw Xs ]cn-ÿn-xn-bn Hmtcm hy n-tbbpw X n-te v Bk- - \m- n-bn-cp- p. \ntj[w At±lw CjvS-s - n-cp- n-. GsX- nepw bmn-is Bhiyw \nd-th- m Ign- n-s - n au\w ]men- pam-bn-cp- p. At±lw Bcp-sS-sb- nepw Ww \nckn- -Xmbn Hcn- epw ti n- n- ; Wn- -bmƒ F{X \n m-c-\m-sw- n-epw. Bsc- nepw D]-lmcw \evin-bm AXp as- nb Ncn-{X-an- ; F{X sndnb Bfm-sW- n t]m-epw. At±-l-Øns B -cy-i-c-amsbmcp KpWhn-tijw, At±-l-Øns kz n-en-cn- p Hmtcm hy nbpw [cn- n-cp- Xv Xm X-s -bmwv apjym-xnyn F m-bn-cp- p. Hcmƒ p- mb hnp-b-øn Abmƒ kt m-jn- p- Xv I m AXyp- ml-tømss lkvx-zm\w snøp-ibpw Bt«-jn- p-ibpw snøp-ambn-cp- p. Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n- -s - -h-tcmspw _p n-ap- p-i-fn AIs - -h-tcmspw Atß-b w hn\-b-tømss kl-xm]w {]I-Sn- n- n-cp- p. Ip n-i-tfmsp AXo-h-hm- -ey-tømss s]cp-am-dn. hgn-bn Ifn- p-sim- n-cn- p Ip n-iƒ v kemw ]d-bp- -Xn Hcp \mw-t Spw ImWn- n-cp- n-. ma-im-eøv a p-f-f-h-tcbpw Xs ` -W-Øn ] m-fn-i-fm- n-bn-cp- p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw PohnXw kpk-a-am- m \nc- cw {i-an- p-sim- n-cp- p. im -`m-hhpw Ir]m-hmbv]pw At±l-Øns kz`m-h-ßfn-se mw sxfn- p-im-wm-am-bn-cp- p. Iqdp-]p- 98

e Øp kplr-øm-bn-cp p apl-ω-zv(-k). At±lw A_q-_- dns\ kzk-tlm-z-c-s\- m-f-[niw kvt\ln- p. Aen-tbmSv ]nxr-ÿm- \ob-s\-t mse A\p-Iº ImWn- p. tamnn-x-\mb ASna kbvznt\msv B Icp-Wm-hm-\mb \_n v F{X-am{Xw _ -am-bn-cp- p-sh- p-h- m, Abmƒ Xs ]nxm-hn-t\m-s1 w t]mip- -Xn\p ]Icw a bn Xma-k-Øn\v ap K-W\ \evin. Xs ta t m- - m-cs tim e ]nsn- p-sim v kbvzv ]d p:"rm Aßsb hn p t]min-. Aßv Xs -bmwv Fs ]nxmhpw amxmhpw!' Cu kplrxv _ w kbvzns ac-ww-hsc \ne-\n- p. ]n osv kbvzns ai Dkm-a-tbmSpw Ahs ]nxmhp Imc-W-Øm At±lw Ft mgpw hm -ey-tømss s]cp-am-dn. DYvam\pw Dadpw At±-l-tØmSv Hcp {]txyi _ w h p-]p-e Øn-bn-cp- p. At±lw lpzbv_nb F ÿeøv, "_-bvaxp cnfvhm '- A-\p-k-cW {]Xn -sb-sp- p- t\-cøv i{xp- -fm hf-b-s Xs Pmam-Xm-hns {]Xn-tcm-[- Øn- mbn Poh _en-b ]n- m k - -\m-sw v snbvx {]Xn-, B kxy-k- -amb kplr-xv _- -Øns Hcp aip-tsm-zm-lc-w-am-wv. apl-ω-zv(-k)s AN- -e-amb kvt\lw FSp-Øp- -cn- m ] nb thsdbpw [mcmfw kw`-h-ßfp v. Hc-h-k-c-Ønepw B kvt\lw Aÿm-\-Øm-bn-cp- n-. {]XypX F m kw`-h-ßfpw AXyp- m-l-tøm-ss-bp-ff kvt\l-øns IÆm-Sn-bm-Wv. ho pw Fgp-Xp p: ""Xs i n-bpss D -Xn-bnepw At±lw \ymbm-[n]\pw \oxnam-\pambn-cp- p. Xs hmzsø kt m-j-tøm- Sp-IqSn kzoi-cn- m Xøm-dmb i{xp- -tfmspw Aen-hp- Im-Wn- p- -Xn At±lw Hcp Ipdhpw hcp-øn-bn-. a - m-cpss {Iqchpw A{I-a-]-c-hp-amb s]cp-am w t\m p-tºmƒ a mhnpbn Xs Aa jhpw tim]hpw Xo m XosIm pw tnmcsim pw tlmfn- I-fn-t - -Xm-bn-cp- p. ]t, apl-ω-zv(-k)-aev]w Nne Ip -hm-fn- I-sfm-gn v F m-h pw s]mxp-am v {]Jym-]n- p. `qx-im-esø Ibv]p \nd F m Hm a-ifpw H n p ad- p. Ah-cpsS F m ]cn-lm-khpw [n mcw ImWn epw A{I-ahpw t{zmlhpw Hs bp- m-bn pw At±lw Xs _ -ssh-cn-tbm-sp-t]mepw \ -tbmss s]cp-am-dn. azo-\-bn A_vZp- mbpw a phyxn-n-en- p-t]mb Iq p-imcpw Ah h j-ß-fm-bn v At±-l-Øns {]h Ø\] -Xn-I-fn XS- -ap- m- p-ibpw At±-l-Øns `c-w-øn On{Z-X-bp- m- m 99

{ian- p-sim- n-cn- p-ibpw snbvxn- pw Ah s mw am p-sim-sp- ØXpw sxfn-a-bm s mcp DZm-l-c-WamWv. Xs apºn Xe-XmgvØn-bn-cn- p- -tkm-{x-ß-tfmspw A-h-cm-sW- n a hnp-b-øn-\p -aptº ITn-\-ambn FXn Øp-sIm- n-cp- -h-cm-wv AenthmsS s]cpam-dn.'' (Sir William Muir. Life of Muhammad(Volume IV). Smith, Elder and Company.,London.pp.303-307 (1861)) At±lw Fgp-Xp p: ""apl-ω-zns kxysø ]n p-w-bv p Hc-Sbm-f-am-bn-cp p, Bsc- m-am-bn-cpt m At±-lsØ XpS- -Øn hnizkn- n-cp- Xv Ah-sc mw DØa kz`mh sshin-jy-ß-fpss DS-a-ÿcm-bn-cp- p-sh- -Xv. F At±-l-Øns ASpØ kplr-øn\pw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ pw- -A-h-sc mw At±-l-Øns hy n-]-c-amb Pohn-XsØ Ipdn v \ -hæw Adn-bp- -h-cm-bn-cp- p s]mxpsh I]-S\pw h -I-\p-ambn p-ffhs ho nepw ]pdøpapff s]cp-am Øn sshcp[yw ImWp- -Xp-t]mse At±-l-Øns kz`m-h-øn ImWm Ign- n-.'' (Sir William Muir. Life of Muhammad(Volume II ). Smith, Elder and Company., London.pp.97-8 (1861)) k txmakv Im ebv (Sir Thomas Carlyle) \_n(-k)xncp-ta\n \nc- -c F -Xns\ kw_- n-s -gp-xp p: ""At±-l-Øn\v GsX- nepw a{z-k-bn \n v hnzym-`ymkw e`n- n-cp- n F Imcyw \msam-cn- epw hnkva-cn- m ]msn-. CXns\ \mw kviqƒ ]T\w (School learning) F mwv ]d-bp- -Xv. AsXm- p-ap- m-bn-cp- n-. Fgp-ØpIe Atd-_y-bn XnI pw ]pxn-b-xm-bn-cp- p. apl-ω-zn- \v(-k)-h-cn- epw kzbw Fgp-Xm Ign- n-cp- n F A`n-{]mbw XnI pw bmym yamsw v a\- n-em-ip- p. At±-l-Øns F m hnzym-`y-khpw acp-`q-an-bnse Xma-k-Øn-t bpw AXnse A\p-`-hß-fp-tSbpw Np pw hew-h- p-f-f-xm-wv. AXn-cn- m-ø Cu {]]- hpw Ccp- p-iƒ \nd Xs \mspw, Xs kz w _mly-amb IÆp- Ifpw Nn -Ifpw-sIm v At±-l-Øn-s\- mwv Ic-ÿ-am- p-hm Ignbp-am-bn-cp- Xv? t\m p-tºmƒ {KŸ-ßfpw e`y-a- m-bn-cp- p-sh- XmWv Gsd A pxw! Atd-_y-bnse Ccpƒap- nb acp-`q-an-bn ti -dn Imcy-ßfpw Xm hy n-]-c-ambn I -dn- n- p-f-f-xp-a- msx At±-l-Øn\v Hc-dn-hp-ap- m-bn-cp- n-. aptº \ne-\n- p-h- 100

n-cp XØz- m-\-]-c-amb Imcy-ßtfm As - n Atd-_y-bv p- ]p-dta a p \msp-i-fn D m-bn-cp XØz- m\]c-amb Imcyßtfm At±-lw-hsc FØmØ Imc-W-Øm AsXm pw At±l-Øn\v {]m]yambncp n. `c-wm-i Øm- tfm ax-]-fin-x mtcm BcpwXs Cu alm-\mb a\p-jy-\p-ambn t\cn v kwkm-cn- n- n-. At±lw B acp-`q-an-bn XnI pw X\n- m-bn-cp- p. Aß-s\-bmWv At±lw Znhy-i- n-bp-tsbpw Xs Nn -I-fp-tSbpw A p-x- n A`n-hr- n-s - -Xpw.'' (Thomas Carlyle. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History Wiley and Putnam., NY.p.47 (1846)) At±-l-Øns hnhm-l-tøbpw IpSp-_-]-c-amb _ -ß-tfbpw Ipdn-s -gp-xp p: ""At±lw Fß-s\-bm-Wv JZo-P-bpsS Iq p-im-c-\mbxv? kº- -bmb Hcp hn[-h-bpss sxmgn ]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fpsS amt\-p-cm-bxv? bm{x -snbvxv imanse I -hsn -bn Fß-s\- bmwv ]s -Sp-ØXv? Fßs\-bmWv CsX mw At±-l-Øn\v snøm Ign- Xv? At±lw CsX mw Atß-b w Bflm Y-XtbmSpw kma Yy-tØm-Spw- Iq-Sn-bmWv snbvx-sx v F m-h pw \ -hæw Adn-bmw.- J-Zo-P-bpsS(d) a\- n At±-l-tØmSv BZchpw \µnbpw Fß-s\-bp- m-bn? Ah c p-t]-cp-tsbpw hnhm-l- Øns h W\ AXv Atd-_y Fgp-Øp-Im tcj-s -Sp-Øo- p- v. hfsc at\m-lchpw Nn m l-hp-am-w-xv. apl-ω-zns {]mbw 25 hb- m-bn-cp- p; JZo-P-bp-tSXv \mev]-xpw.'' ho pw Fgp-Xp p: ""At± lw B kzvkp-w-k-º -tbm-ssmøv Atß-b w kvt\l-tømspw kam-[m-\-tømspw Pohn- p. At±lw JZo-P(-d)sb AI-a-gn v kvt\ln- n-cp- p; At±lw Ah-cp-tSXv am{x-am-bn-cp- p. At±-lsØ hymp-{]-hm-n-i F p ]d-bp- -Xn Cu bmym Yyw XS- -amwv; AXm-bXv At±lw Pohn-X-Øns Cu Ime-L w Bt -]-ßsfm pw D -bn- m ] m-ø-hn[w hfsc kq va-x-tbm-ss-bmwv Ign- p-iq- n-b-xv. C m-e-l w Atß-b w efn-xhpw kam-[m-\-\n `c-hp-am-bn-cp p; Aßs\ At±-l-Øns bph-xz-\m-fp-iƒ Ign- pt]m-bn.'' (Thomas Carlyle. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History Wiley and Putnam., NY.p.48 (1846)) k txmakv Im ebv (Thomas Carlyle) ]d-bp p: ""{InkvXym- 101

\n-i-fmb \Ω-fn apl-ω-zv(-k)-hcp X{ - \pw km[m-cw a\pjy\pw Iff {]hm-n-i-\p-am-wv. At±-l-Øns axw {`m -Xz-Ønt bpw aqv-im-cy-ß-fp-tsbpw Iqºm-c-am-Wv. CsX mw Ct mƒ sx msw v P\-ß-fpsS apºn sxfn- p-sim- n-cn- p- p.'' At±lw ]d-bp p: ""ax-au-en-i-hm-zn-i-fmb {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Cu a\p-jys\ kw_- n v Fs -s mw If-hp-Iƒ D m n ]d- n-cp- pthm AsX mw JfinX-ambpw Ct mƒ \ΩpsS A]-am-\-Øn\v Imc-Wam-bn-s m- n-cn- p- p. GsXm-cp-Im-cy-ßfmtWm B a\p-jy ]d- n-cp- Xv AXp-ap-tJ\ 12 \p m- p-i-fmbn 18 timsn a\p-jy k m K-Øns ta X n \ne-sim-f-fp- p. C m-eøv F{X-am{Xw Bfp-Iƒ apl-ω-zn (-k)-hn-iz-kn- p- pt m AXn-s\- mƒ IqSp- X Hcp {KŸ-Ønepw C m-esø P\-ß-ƒ hniz-kn- p- n-. Fs t\m -Øn Hcp hymp-a-\p-jy-\mwv Cu axw {]N-cn- n- -sx- [mcwsb mƒ \nµyhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-z-]-c-hp-amb as mcp [mcw C -X-s.'' (Thomas Carlyle. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History Wiley and Putnam., NY.p.60-1 (1846) Hcp {^ v XØz-Nn- -I-\mb emam n (Lamartin)Xs {KŸamb lnãdn Hm^v S n-bn (History of Turkey)Fgp-Xp p: ""GsX- nepw hy n-bpss Ign-hns\ Dc p t\m m aq p am\-z-fißƒ \n -bn- p-i-bm-sw- n AXm-bXv B hy n-bpss e yw F{X-am{Xw Db -Xm-Wv, B e yw t\sm Abm-fpsS ssibnep-ff am K-ßƒ F{X-am{Xw ]cn-an-x-amwv, AXns ^e-ßƒ F{Xam{Xw al-ø-c-amwv C v C m-cy-øn apl-ω-zn(k)s\ t\cn- Sm s\ q- p-ff GXp a\p-jy-s\-bmwv In pi? temiønse hniz-hn-jym-x-cmb hy n-iƒ Iptd ssk\y-ß-tfbpw \nb-a-ßtfbpw `c-w-iq-s-ß-tf-bp-amwv Iog-S- n-b-xv. Ah tihew `uxn- I-`-c-W-Iq-S-amWv ÿm]n- -Xv. Ah-cnepw Nne i n-iƒ Ah-cpsS I ap-ºn s]m n-x-i v Xhn-Sp-s]m-Sn-bm-bn. F m, apl-ω-zp(- k) -tem-i-ønse ssk\y-ßƒ, \nb-a-ßƒ, `c-w-iq-s-ßƒ, hnhn[ P\-X-Iƒ, hwi-ßƒ F -, temisø samøw P\-kw-Jy-bn aq n-sem-cp-hn-`m-ksø Hcp-an- p-iq- n. AXn\p ]pdsa At±lw _en- ]o-t-ßƒ, sszh-ßƒ, ax-ßƒ, hnizm-k-z i-\ßƒ, Bflm- ƒ XpS-ßn-b-hsb F mw \ho-i-cn- p. apl-ω-zp(-k)s ASn-Ød shdp- 102

samcp {KŸ-am-bn-cp- p. AXns Hmtcm A -chpw \nb-a-am-bn-amdn. B hy n Bflo-b-amb hy nxzw \evin Hmtcm `mj- mtcbpw hwi- m-tcbpw A\p-{K-ln- p.'' ho pw Fgp-Xp p: ""apl-ω-zv(-k) Hcp XØz-, {]`m-j-i, {]hm-n-i, \nb-a-, tbm[m-hv, Nn -Isf AXn-P-bn- p- -h, _p n]-c-amb hnzy-isf \ho-i-cn- p- -h, F -Xn-s\- m-sfms D]cn \nc-h[n `uxn-i-`-c-w-iq-s-ß-tfbpw Bflo-b-`-c-W-Iq-S-ß-tfbpw ÿm]n- p hy n-bp-am-bn-cp- p. am\p-jn-i-amb al-xzsø Dc- p-t\m- m Hcp am\-zfiw \n -bn- p-i-bm-sw- n apl-ω-zv(k) -s\- m-fp-]cn GsX nepw as mcp alxv hy n P\n- n- pt m?'' (A. De Lamartin. History of Turkey (English Translation). D. Appleton & Co., NY. p.154-155(1855-7)) tpm tuh t]m v (John Davenport) Fgp-Xp p: ""GsXmcp hy n-bmtwm lo\hpw \nµy-hp-amb _nw_m-c-[-\bv p ]Icw A- Xn At±-l-Øns tzi-hm-kn-iƒ AXm-bXv Ad-_n-Iƒ AI-s - n-cp p bym Y sszh-øn-\p-th- n-bp-ff Bcm-[\ ÿm]n v hepxpw Ft mgpw \ne-\n-ev p- -Xpamb kwkvi-cww \S-ØnbXv At±lw Iff+{]hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp- psh v B s - nepw hniz-kn- m Ign-bptam? \ap v Cu AXyp- m-ln-bmb ]cn-jvi Ømhns\ h -I-\m- m Ign-bptam? AØcw hy n-bpss F m {]h Ø-\-ßfpw NXn-bm-bn-cp- p-sh v ]d-bm ] ptam? C, Aßs\ Hcn- epw ]d-bm Ign-bn-. apl-ωzv (k)\v kzp-t±-iyhpw hniz-kvx-xbpw IqSmsX as -s - nepw Imc-W-Øm AØcw ssÿcy-tøm-sp-iqsn shfn-]msv Cd-ßn-Øp-S-ßn-b-Xp-ap-X Ah-km\ izmkw-hsc Dd p \nev m km[n- p-am-bn-cp- n-. At±-l-Ønt\m-sSm w ÿnc-am-bn- p- m-bn-cp Hcmƒ pw A-h-cm-sW- n At±-l-hp-am-bn v kpzr-v-_ w ]pe Øn-bn-cp- -h-cm-wv At±lw I]-S-\m-sW pff kwibw Hcn- epw D m-bn- n-.'' (John Davenport. An Apology for Mohammed and the Koran J.Davy & Sons., London. p. 139 (1869)) ho pw Fgp-Xp p: ""]m m-xy-cm-pipamc m apkvenw appm-ln-zp- I-fp-tSbpw Xp n-i-fp-tsbpw ÿm\øv Gjy-bnse `c-wm-[n-im-cn- I-fm-bn-cp-s - n apkvenwiƒ {InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSp s]cp-am-dn-bn-cp- -Xp-t]mse apkvenwi-tfmsp kln-jvwp-x-tbmss s]cp-am-dp-am-bn- 103

cp- n-. CXv ZrV-hn-izm-k-tØmSpw XnI kxy-k- -X-tbmSpw IqSn ]d-bm Ign-bpw. ImcWw {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ax-]-c-amb A`n- {]m-b-hy-xym-k-ap-ff Xß-fpsS Cu kl-a-xsø Atß-b w GI- ]- o-bhpw A\ym-b-hp-amb A{I-a-Øn\v Ipdn-am-\-am- p-i-bp- mbn.''(t]pv 82) tpm tuh t]m v ho pw Fgp-Xp p: ""\ymbm-[n-]- m-cp-tsbpw temiøv hnp-b-{io-em-fn-x-cm-b-h-cp-tsbpw PohNcn-{X-ß-fn apl- Ω-Zv(-k)s Poh-N-cn-{X-sØ- mƒ IqSp-X hni-z-hpw - kxy-k- - hp-am-bn- p-ff Hcp Poh-N-cn-{Xhpw Cs ImcyØn Hcp kwi-bhp-an-.'' (t]pv 82) ssa nƒ F v lm v (Michael H. Hart)G dm nwmv Hm^v Z tamãv C ^vfp-h jy t]gvk kv C lnãdn (A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History)F Xs {KŸ-Øn FgpXp p: ""temiøv kzm[o\w snep-ønb hy n-i-fn apl-ω-zv(-k)s \maw H mw ÿm\øv Xnc-s -Sp- pi F Xv Nne hmb-\- msc A p-x-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw Nne AXns\ tnmzyw snøp-ibpw snbvtx- mw. ]t, Ncn-{X-Øn ax-]-c-ambpw euin-i-]-c-ambpw hnp-bn-bm-bn-øo Htc-sbmcp hy n At±lw am{x-am-bn-cp- p.'' (A Michael H. Hart. THE 100: A RANKING OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSONS IN HISTORY. Carol publishing group., p.3.) ""a\p-jy-n-cn-{x-øn apl-ω-zv(-k)-f-ß-s\-bmwv kzm[o\w snep- Øn-b-sX- p-ff tnmzysø Hcmƒ v Fß-s\-bmWv hne-bn-cp-øm Ign-bp-I. a p ax-ß-sf-t mse Ckvemapw AXns A\p-bm-bn-IfpsS Pohn-X-ß-fn AKm-[-amb kzm[o\w snep-øn-bn- p- v. C mc-w-øm-emwv temiøv ImWp hen-b-h-enb ax-ß-fpss ÿm]- I v Cu {KŸ-Øn kp{]-[m\ ÿm\w \evi-s - n- p-f-f-xv.'' At±lw Fgp-Xp p: ""Hcp IW- -\p-k-cn v temiøv {InkvXym- \n-i-fpss AwK-kwJy apkvenwi-fp-ts-xn-s\- mƒ Cc- n-bm-wv. CXn s ASn-ÿm-\-Øn apl-ω-zv(-k) s\ Cukm- p- aptº hbv p- Xv \nßƒ v A p-x-am-bn-tøm- mw. ]t, Fs Cu Xocp-am- \-Øn\p ]n n c p henb Imc-W-ß-fp- v. H m-a-tøxv ss{i kvx-h-a-x-øns hf -bn Cukm (A)s ] ns\ At]- n v apl-ω-zv (-k)\v Ckvemans hf -bn kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp-]mSv ] p- v. Cukm(-A)- X-s -bmwv ss{ikvx-h-a-x-øns Bflo-bhpw 104

[m an-i-hp-amb Pohn-X-N- -Øn\v Imc-W-sa- nepw ss{ikvx-h-a-x- Øns hf bv v ASn-ÿm-\]-c-amb ] p-h-ln- Xv hnip ]u tem-km-wv. ss{ikvx-h-a-x-øn\v C p-ff cq]w \evin-bxpw ]pxnb- \n-b-a-øns hen-sbmcp `mkw Fgp-Xn-bXpw hnip ]utemkv Xs -bm-bn-cp- p.'' ho pw Fgp-Xp p: ""CkvemwaX-Øn-t bpw AXn-ep-ff [m an-ihpw ax-]-c-hp-amb F m XØz-ß-fp-tSbpw DØ-c-hm-ZnØw apl-ω-zv(-k)- \m-bn-cp- p. apl-ω-zv(-k) Cu ]pxnb ax-øn\v kzbw cq]w \evin. Ckveman-Im-[ym-]-\-ßƒ \S- n hcp-øp- -Xn ASn-ÿm-\-]-camb ] p-h-ln- p. CXn\p ]pdsa apkveowi-fpss hnip GSv AXmbXv hnip Jp -B apl-ωzv (k)s Dƒ m-gvn-ifs-ßnb Hcp {KŸ-am-bn-cp- p. AXns cn-bn-xmhpw apl-ωzv Xs -bm-bn-cp- p.'' ]d-bp p: ""CXns\ kw_- n v "AXv A m-lp-hn \n v X\n v hln-bmbn sh-fn-]m-smbn Cd- -s - -Xm-sW v At±lw (A-Xm-bXv apl-ω-zv(-k)) ]d-bp p. hnip Jp -B-\ns hen-sbm-cp -`mkw apl-ω-zv(-k)s Pohn-X-Im-e-Øp-Xs ]I Øn-sb-SpØv kpc- n- X-am- -s - n-cp- p. At±-l-Øns ac-w-øn\v Aev]-Imew Ign- p- Ss\ AXv samø-ambpw kpc- n-x-am- -s -SpIbpw snbvxp. AXpsIm v hnip Jp -B apl-ω-zv(-k)s A[ym-]-\-ß-fp-tSbpw Nn m-[m-c-i-fp-tsbpw X\n- -I ]m-wv. Hcp hmb-\- m-cs Nn -b- \p-k-cn v AXv At±-l-Øn-s -Xs hm p-i-fm-wv. F m, C{]- Imcw Cukm(-A)-bpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS Hcp kam-lm-c-hp-an-. apkveowi-fpss ] hnip Jp -B-\p-ff {]m[m\yw {InkvXym- \n-i-fpss ] ss n-fn-\p-f-f-xp-t]m-se-bm-wv. AXp-sIm v hnip Jp -B aptj\ apl-ω-zv(-k)-p-\-ßsf ]q W-ambpw kzm[o- \n- p. apl-ω-zv(-k)s kzm[o-\-amwv Ckveman-\p-ta A[n-I-ap- mbn-cp- -sx- mwv s]mxpth hniz-kn- -s -Sp- -Xv. Cukm(-A)bpw hnip ]utem-kpw, Ah c pt]cpw tn v ss{ikvx-h-a-x- Øn-\p-ta snepønb kzm[o-\sø At]- n v, ax-]-c-amb ho - W-Øn am{xw t\m p-i-bm-sw- n Cukm(-A)-sN-ep-Ønb A{Xbpw kzm[o\w apl-ω-zv(-k)dw a\p-jy-n-cn-{x-øn snep-ønb-xmbn ImWmw.(t]Pv 8 9) tic Bwkvt{SmMv (Karen Armstrong) Xs {KŸ-amb apl-ωzv G _tbm-{k^n Hm^v Z t{]m^ v (Muhammad -A Biography of the 105

Prophet)F v {KŸ-Øn-se-gp-Xp p: ""apl-ω-zv(-k)\v GI-ssZ-h-hnizm-k-Øne[n-jvTnX-amb Bflo-b-X-bpsS kwÿm-]-\-øn-\mbn ]qpy-øn \n v {]h Ø\w \S-tØ- n- h- p. At±lw Xs anj XpS-ßn-b-t mƒ Bsc- nepw At±-l-Øns anj-\p-th n {]h Øn- m Xøm-dm-Ip-sa- Xv Akw-`m-hy-am-bn-cp- p. GI-ssZh-Øn hniz-kn- m Ad-_n-Iƒ H pw Xøm-dm-bn-cp- n-. D -Xamb B ho Ww Dƒs m-f-fm Ah v Ignhpw C m-bn-cp- p. hmkvx-h-øn A{I-anIfpw `b c- mcp-amb B kaq-l-øn GIssZh ho Ww ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp-I-sb- Xv cq m-h-ÿ- krjvsn- m-\p-ff km[yxbp- m-bn-cp- p. B kaq-l-øn Xs PohnXw c n- m Ign apl-ω-zv(-k) Xo -bmbpw alm`mky-hm-\m-wv. bym Y-Øn apl-ω-zn- (k)s Poh Ft m-gpw A]-I-S-Øn-embn-cp- p. AXn \n v c -s -Sp-I-sb- Xv Hcp A p-x-zr-jvsm- am-wv. Cß-s\-sbm-s -bm-bn pw apl-ω-zv(-k)-xs Ah-km\w hnpbn- p. tkm{x-ßƒ XΩn \ne-\n- p-h kv] [-Ifpw Xs Pohn- X-Ime-Øp-Xs apl-ω-zv(-k)-c- m-xm- n. \n a-xxzw Atd-_y P\-Xbv v Hcp {]iv\-am-bn-cp- n-. Ct mƒ Atd-_y P\X XßfpsS Ncn-{X-Øns ]pxnb Ime-L- -Øn {]th-in- m Xøm-dmbn-cp- p.'' Karen Armstrong, Muhammad -A Biography of the Prophet. Harper Collins Publishers., p.53-54 (1993)) ho pw At±lw ]d-bp p: ""Ah-km\w Cu ]m m-xy Xs bm-bn-cp- p, A msx Ckvema ax-kw-hm-z-ß-fp-ss-ta \nb-{ Ww G s]-sp-øn-b-xv. Ipcn-ip-bp- -ß-fpsS ImeØv bqtdm v a p-f-f-hcpss ho -W-ßsf ASn- -a Øm-\p-ff Bth-iw-sIm v {`m - mcmbn Xo n-cp- p-sh v a\-kn-em-ip- p. AXv F{X Bth-i-tØmsS-bmWv Xs FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ v in simsp-øn-cp- -sx- m, AXns DZm-l-cWw ax-n-cn-{x-øn ImWp-I-bn-. hn`n m`n{]mb- m-cp-ss- ta A{I-a-ßƒ, s{]m -Ã p-imcpss-ta ItØm-en- - m-cpss A{IaØn-t bpw A{]-Im-cw-Xs ItØm-en- - mcpssta s{]m -Ã p-imcpss A{I-a-Ønt bpw ASn-Ød Cu Ipg- vadn ax-hn-izm-k-ß-fn-em-bn-cp- p. CXn-\p-ff A\p-hmZw blq-z-a-xhpw Ckvemw a-xhpw hy n-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn sf n- I-am-bn- mwv \evin-bn-cp- -Xv. ss{ikvx-h-cpss \nco-iz-c-hm-z-]-c-amb 106

hnizm-k-hp-ambn v blqz ax-øn\pw Ckvemw ax-øn\pw Hcp _ - hp-an-. ss{ikvx-h-cpss axhnizmkw GI-ssZ-hsØ Ipdn- p-ff a\p-jys `mh-\-isf Akzo-Im-cy-X-bpsS AXn Øn-bn-emWv sims -Øn- p- -Xv. F -, AXns\ _lp-ssz-hm-cm-[-\m-]-c-am n Xo p-ibpw snøp- p.'' (t]pv 27) B\o _k v (Annie Besant) Z sse^v B v So nwmvkv Hm^v apl-ωzv (The Life and Teachings of Muhammad)F {KŸ-Øn Fgp-Xp p: ""Atd-_y-bnse alm-\mb \_n-bpss Pohn-Xhpw At±l-Øns kz`m-h-ßfpw hmbn- n- p-ffhcpw B \_n F v A[ym- ]-\-amwv \evin-bn- p-f-fsx v Adn-bp hcpw Fß-s\-bmWv At±lw Pohn- sx v a\- n-em- n-bn- p-f-f-hcpw sszh-øns {]hm- N-I- m-cn Cu alm-\mb {]hm-n-is\ _lp-am-\n- m-xn-cn- pi F Xv Akw-`m-hy-am-Wv. Rm ]d-bp Imcy-ßƒ Hcp-]m-Sm-fp- Iƒ v BZy-sa-Xs Adn-hp-f-f-Xm-bn-cn- pw. ]t, Rm Cu Imcy-ßƒ hmbn- p-tºm-sg mw Cu Ad_n DkvXm-Zns\ _lpam- \n- m F n ]pxn-sbmcp t_m[w D m-bn-øo-cp- p. At±lsØ kvxpxn- p- -Xn ]pxn-sbmcp \ndw ImWm\pw Ign-bp- p.'' (Annie Besant. The Life and Teachings of Muhammad Theosophical Publishing House.,India. p. 4 (1932)) tdmyv Ivdm Ã (Ruth Cranston) thƒuv s^bvxv (World Faith) F Xs {KŸ-Øn Fgp-Xp p: ""apl-ωzv Ad-_n(-k) Hcp bp - Ønt\m c -s m-cn- n-ent\m Hcn- epw XpS w Ipdn- n- n-. At±lw snbvx F m bp -ßfpw {]Xn-tcm[ bp -ß-fm-bn-cp- p. At±lw bp w snbvxn- p-s - n AXv Xs \ne-\n-ev]n-\p-th- n-bm-bn-cp- p. A m-eøv \ne-\n ph n-cp coxn-bnepw A m-esø Bbp- [w D]-tbm-Kn- p-am-bn-cp p At±lw bp w snbvx-xv. 14 timsn {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ C m-eøv Hcp e Øn Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn-e- [niw a\p-jysc Hscm t_mw_n v \in- n- Xv t\m p-tºmƒ, Xm snbvx F m bp -ß-fnepw G hpw tami-s Ah-ÿ-bm-bn-cp- n- p-iqsn A qtdm Adp- qtdm am{xw Bfp-Isf sim Hcp t\xm-hns\ kwi-b-zr-jvsn-tbmss t\m p Hcp P\-Xbpw D m- Ip-I-bn-s Imcyw ZrV-\n- -b-tømss ]d-bm Ign-bpw. Ad_n {]hm-n-is ssibm Ggmw \q m- ns Ccp Ime-L- -Øn P- 107

\-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw tnmc-bv p-th n Zmln- p-sim- n-cn- p-tºmƒ D mb B \mi-ßsf C sø Zo]vX-amb Ccp-]Xmw \q m- nse \mi-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw snøpi F Xv Hcp hnuvvn-ø-a- msx as m- p-a-. C Izn-kn-j-t bpw Ipcn-ip-bp- -ß-fp-tSbpw Ime-L- - Øn-ep- mb sime-]m-x-i-ßƒ ss{ikvxh ] m-f- m, B \n a- X- m-cpss apdn pw s]mfn pw InS ih- q-ºm-c-ß-fpss CSbn srcn-bm-wn-hsc c -Øn \o n-\-s v sd m Un Imcyßƒ hnh-cn-t Bh-iy-an-.'' (Ruth Cranston. World Faith. Harper and Row Publishers., NY.P.155 (1949)) tkmuvs{^ ln n kv (Godfrey Higgins) Fgp-Xp p: ""ss{ikvxh ]mxncn, apl-ω-zv(-k)s axsø AXn-t\m-Sp-ff ] -]m-xhpw Akln-jvWp-Xbpw Imc-W-Øm NoØ-]-d-bp p F Imcy-sØ- mƒ IqS-X as mcp Imcyhpw km[m-cw tiƒ m-dn-. CXv hnizmk h -\bpw I]-tSm nbpamwv. CkvemwaXw kzoi-cn {InkvXym\n- Isf kvs]bv\n \n v HmSn- -Xm-cmWv? Ah kxy-{in-kvxym-\n- I-fm-bn-cp- n F -Xm-bn-cp p AXn\p Imc-Ww. saivkn-t m-bnepw s]dp-hn-epw- e- - -W- n\v P\-ßsf h[n- -h Bcm-bn-cp p? Ahsc ASn-a-I-fm- n-b-h Bcm-bn-cp p? ImcWw Ah {InkvXym- \n-i-fm-bn-cp- n-. F m, apkveowiƒ {Kokn ImWn Xv F{Xam{Xw at\m-l-chpw hn`n amxr-i-bp-am-bn-cp- p; \q m- p-i-tfmfw {InkvXym-\n-I-sf, Ah-cpsS ax-sø, Ah-cpsS ]mxn-cn-am-sc, {]`p ]mxn-cnam-sc, ]ptcm-ln-x- mtcbpw AhcpsS ]f-fn-i-tfbpw XßfpsS `qan-bn kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn Xma-kn m A\p-h-Zn- p.'' (Godfrey Higgins. Apology for Mohammed. Lahore. pp. 123-4 (1829)) ho pw tkmuvs{^ ln n kv Fgp-Xp p: ""Ckvemans Jeo-^am-cpsS Ncn{Xw apgp-h ]c-xnbmepw C Izn-knj (Inquisition - ax-hn-cp Ip -ßƒ p-ff hnnm-c-w(-a-x-tim-s-xn-bp-ss)) t]mse Zpjvt]-cp- m- nb kw`-h-ß-fpss ]Ip-Xn-bn Ipd kw`-hwt]mepw \ap v In p- n-. ax-]-c-amb `n -X-bpsS Imc-W-Øm Bsc-sb- nepw ] -tbmss IØn- -Xmtbm Ckvemw kzoi-cn- m- Ø-Xp-sIm v B s nepw h[-in \evin-b-xmtbm Dff Hscm kw`-hw-t]mepw ImWp- n-.'' (t]pv 52) FtUz Uv Kn (Edward Gibbon) lnãdn Hm^v Z kdm-k Fº-b (History of the Saracen Empire) F {KŸ-Øn Fgp-Xp p: 108

""At±-l-Øns ax{]t_m-[- -\sø- m-fp-]cn AXns \ne-\nev ]mwv \ΩpsS A p-xøn\p Imc-Ww. lzvdøv apl-ω-zv(-k)- a- bnepw azo-\-bnepw If- -c-ln-xhpw kºq W-hp-amb NphSv Dd- n- p. AXv 12 \q m- p-i-fpss hnπhøn-\p-ti-jhpw C y, B{^n-, Xp n XpS-ßnb Jp -B-\ns ]pxp-hn-izm-kn-iƒ Ct mgpw ImØp-kq n- p- p. apl-ω-zns injy- m Xß-fpsS ax-tøbpw hnizm-k-tøbpw Hcp a\p-jys `mh-\-bm si- n-bn-sp ]co- - W-tØbpw Zp t_m-[-\-tøbpw sndpøp \n p. Ckvemans efn- Xhpw AN- -e-hp-amb {]Xn CXmWv: "Rm GI-\mb A mlp-hn-t\bpw Ahs ZqX aplω-zn-t\bpw hniz-kn- p -p.' sszh sø Ipdn- p-ff Cu am\-hn-i-amb k ev]w hnir-x-ambn IW-s - Sp Hcp _nw_hpw apkveow-i-fn D m-bn-. Ckvemans {]hm- N-Is _lp-a-xn-i-sfm pw a\p-jy-kp-w-øns \ne-hmc ]cn[n ewln- n- n-. At±lw ]d Poh-kp Imcy-ßƒ At±-l-Øns A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS \µn-tbbpw \ -bpss hnim-c-tøbpw _p n-bptsbpw ax-øn-t bpw ]cn-[n-bv p-f-fn \nt ]n n-cn- p-i-bm-wv.'' (Edward Gibbon, Simon Oakley. History of the Saracen Empire, Alex Murray & Son., London. p.54(1870)) IqSpX hnhcßƒ RßfpsS sh_vssk n e`yamwv WWW.alislam.org 109